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" V- G7 N) K4 I, h1 mhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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1 V ?9 Z$ D J- u) o) F) OJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China: [4 S, o* w% s# S; B
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of' M4 i7 Z: e8 M3 ~; E
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.- G% i- U( h0 F1 x- m/ i* i6 G
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
+ @/ W! J" W4 S" k" L/ C9 M; d7 RFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
F, K1 ^/ D3 ^2 u9 C2 KReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
* ~/ e0 ]) C) O8 APublished online 26 January 20187 [- L3 J& |* K9 ~2 x$ h
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, P9 s& H; P `6 t0 yAbstract
. q1 l7 p* J9 Z$ Y, kJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing" P) ]0 r& X2 S3 T7 B
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
3 }6 M% S+ h6 T+ ?: u+ o0 bTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been2 u# D& Y& |6 q a; g/ S
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not5 P' s2 S: a" \5 A4 B
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific- V, E3 `* V5 a' }4 _ F- f
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
6 k3 G+ ?5 U5 Z3 T6 T- Y1 z. ]' Oto the standardization of the scientific terminology
( j# l6 C, o. `( _4 f$ ytranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
* n" {+ ~/ }/ F, [" ^ Oscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,4 K7 j1 N) y1 V# ~! ]! k! U
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the4 s- J: A7 m( _4 E+ v/ Q( w
standardization of the scientific terminology translation3 \) |! R( s8 e9 ]4 B
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien5 `1 P0 T3 S. c/ c2 _" G+ k
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
0 k! O; ^! i9 q2 ?of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
; B# t4 D. f# e+ o- ^' l0 F5 Jthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way, Y; ~/ g8 g# f' p
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
/ W. w% w+ Q8 h: t3 [/ I1 \6 O2 \that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a! u4 a; Z z: Z: d- y
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
) U# x+ B- Y1 K2 j: S0 gterminology./ z: m+ k; x8 h+ d* u- V& ]
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
0 T/ r2 z& O; B# ]/ C7 [& t* w" aStandardization of terminology translation
& ^- {# `/ I ]9 J, E+ {! y3 tYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to3 S4 z7 A6 f; ?1 m0 O
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
4 O+ u1 M* A. s0 Y. z9 [3 `' FChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available$ \: t' H6 b; K! o, Z& Y
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
- C& q/ C) g8 U8 D5 D& @DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102137 T+ `( o/ Z B! B/ k" |1 h$ \
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INTRODUCTION
6 c" D0 t8 n# ZJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
. u8 d1 D3 J: ^6 z3 z3 C9 I$ ya great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
$ q: b( p: L, I( Q9 Y |0 s! CDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
2 O# p- n0 \1 x' X7 v% g6 ZHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of. I) \7 k& Z$ I' q, d9 C6 e& A
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed" L1 y: \, a: S7 D% T- K
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
9 S% L0 m% M! Z M9 a9 Man editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
/ f" \! Q! @: x- W s! F+ E* Q7 \% Dhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
& n* p* Y- U' i2 h0 [ Z1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
2 P/ r: l1 Z& Uworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
3 J7 j; S) n+ a9 D; OFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
2 \ _3 g1 Q& W; U8 j! z! k$ gNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
7 d; L9 c* r$ b) l3 Z( w! }7 d+ p1 V4 Qto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
; ~& l5 I3 v) ]+ Y5 a7 q+ Bwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
) C+ M4 c4 F; M8 Q3 `7 |revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
, N8 K, D% n5 o; i* rFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
9 |, `# u7 E, v+ |2 C+ Dbooks that made him the most productive one among the5 n B- V% K: T! ^0 M
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,/ D, ~1 d, ]7 P
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a5 j! Z9 @1 o1 b( p: K' I) y" g" }
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
4 f, M! I2 J- u6 l! G& Dpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).- y% Z8 k8 U Q( U
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer4 w( A: l p3 W
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western1 q( s3 i0 C! G0 Z/ q" U6 t
science and the standardization of translated scientific
! \- ^" v# n. B- E. D: vterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
. N1 A; T8 m7 X1 A7 Ymagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the2 I$ W6 p' A2 v }2 J! O
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another/ o+ ~8 h) g$ t9 q4 b5 v, \
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series+ F2 d$ G. W. ~ Z. Q! W4 R, t1 [. y
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in9 O$ E$ r" a3 H4 @" b. {8 Z
Modern China.
9 f% i7 M+ v: q9 [An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published; z* `( ]- t6 Q0 z5 j. |
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
! U0 O5 V z% D, etravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
# C/ \) s0 u* R4 v9 U0 fa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In0 u4 X2 X/ ~' Q1 U
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and: K' O) ^& s% e1 a; R
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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