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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China9 r. S1 {4 s% V
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of+ F. o4 Y& y. J4 l& s5 t5 E
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.: l5 ?# ?0 h* o; a
7 M- S3 w: h+ I _, M) s# CLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of4 I4 g4 i' i- r7 c
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
* _7 G( y: S; e9 \, YReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
) j& F% V: L4 x" APublished online 26 January 2018
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& z2 [5 s* K3 kAbstract
1 G+ ?' B( q1 F8 ^$ [8 v$ TJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
1 b! m! v% C' u# SDynasty who came to China and was employed by The6 m6 t* G3 o) ?+ P( D6 P
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
# @ y( O6 |( B% m4 Iengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
! r9 O2 z( P; X$ p" sonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
. E5 G) C) T3 _& |% [" y1 pworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
6 X* R- w7 e, t; W& c7 m1 f- |to the standardization of the scientific terminology: u: D8 o0 A' ]! C# I0 `0 i
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s0 Q5 g2 d9 r4 {
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
3 P( E1 D6 L/ w b! Uand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the1 R( O# G$ h+ J; s5 X
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
; `! U* ~7 \; E7 m3 d+ v& zin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien0 j: ?2 t+ h4 p' A9 V1 i
he established had helped greatly with the popularization2 ^, y, J8 h6 ]# ]) w
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring# _! a2 O" Y5 S$ u' X
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
3 U( w8 f3 x( z1 S/ P7 ]. _for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
$ S* z" {. c% K3 Y1 ~- ?that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a( D: S' D; X; D7 G0 t2 \
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
# X, x! ^# f" l, p t. _. _terminology., ~6 u. W7 }4 O4 S( ] A
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
; P6 _9 J/ V0 q( T4 p! ~' wStandardization of terminology translation
7 _4 J$ g( W( [/ ~9 z' M) lYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to1 I5 a2 Q- |9 J b- q
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
8 ^( U* E# L5 p# T oChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
- g- A! A7 K! l9 b. o; Q/ `from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
) B# Z* _1 X' E2 P" w1 o. w5 ADOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213* q @7 l# D3 I3 G2 f% K, u! m
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INTRODUCTION6 f0 K" e/ k6 l) \0 j, r: \
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
- Z* g3 c' P! A4 X, da great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
& E+ R2 p( G% @) g& RDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to. C g2 v6 k8 E, r! b# d
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of( K2 z& W# r3 [+ R) B. C' v
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed2 T4 H" h) D W$ N1 c5 u
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
l& Z! z7 b: tan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on7 h( w. F# n( U% f% `8 Z, y
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
) O! [; @9 f* }: c1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific$ D6 {$ D* y" r" g' p4 g3 T* R
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,& I* ~' l" {" o# Z
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction. l/ W. W2 N+ ?. J. w j0 ?5 V7 z; T
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated6 T# m+ V3 x2 y, Q2 w- R- R- _
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant, O# R. B/ o" ~: S) ^0 E
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,- F, _& U5 ^3 X9 A- F5 Q
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
# V# N! a6 e* \: AFryer translated more than one hundred of Western& O: n( Q' J( l; x" h7 {% ^2 f
books that made him the most productive one among the
5 ~- J# ?- Z! N& sforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
; W2 x* K* R* F, j8 D* ~translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
' S0 ~; \ m5 b! s* x3 ?& ^noble work which could help accelerate the process of
: Z( x" ~0 a- T7 z2 gpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
- l. _/ |" R( J. E( YIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
* A( }/ U$ ^5 a; J) b; u4 b3 Ualso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western$ Q* }) \6 r4 O8 v6 f
science and the standardization of translated scientific* } ?; s) q) S$ n) X
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
% z, b% v& H* a5 R3 H! }magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the4 N9 e* z. p) U9 E
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
0 ]4 Q/ K i2 M; ucontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
4 F6 J2 ]$ c( f) `of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
. o: f9 J# Y' w% b% \( fModern China.0 }3 B; j8 ~6 b7 C8 ]5 k
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published. h+ U9 `1 x) `1 N
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of) U$ ?% Y# [8 V' r M6 o
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing. H- Y9 C3 G" k! Q0 s1 T
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
( ?6 K* J' C, M* AJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and0 r9 M2 b, w) S& _; J1 C( S5 `
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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