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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688& L& v1 _5 w1 t- T, C
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China) f3 G" }! s$ K: M% Q. t" R$ H( H
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of% o" F# z G0 s) [
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
* u3 l% m9 n5 b( t, A2 ^; d0 o5 ~ B1 b1 I8 _. X" n9 @
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of9 q# |3 S" y/ P" i, t7 I
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.. t' a4 H) }/ u9 f1 `
4 d' Q+ k R: R5 v0 X! R. B# nSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
# F/ Z, y/ }# X. J8 J, QReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
( W( u% {- v- V: W1 Q8 uPublished online 26 January 2018
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1 ] |" B8 F) ^Abstract9 Y/ x3 V8 O" p% {
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
- |( F: c% `$ [0 O* O2 T0 |Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
3 y( K0 Q; o( Y# b* [2 D" H4 e' e' WTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been9 f/ \( x; F2 H% c; s
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
- M1 ~) A8 @* ~. Sonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
# k# I& g* d0 p" ^3 c9 oworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
2 K" f9 M7 z* C: Z% ~0 M% jto the standardization of the scientific terminology. f' b/ p" q/ |' t4 n
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
# m' h# |. {; ~0 z; wscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
6 e, X! j- _- p% Uand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the6 a* {9 p: d+ {4 l+ V) \; c s+ z
standardization of the scientific terminology translation& |& I6 q8 j% }6 x- Z2 t `
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
4 H- _- z4 ?. Yhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
' E5 J9 l; O- T) l3 yof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring( L5 Y% m7 ]$ O1 L& Q+ G
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
( f, u- X2 x. o. Zfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
2 m! [. R$ g. Y2 j+ l6 Qthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a0 G% _" N/ u$ m1 e) d/ f8 D
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
+ o9 e6 `% B% ^! K* v3 b. Wterminology.
! a+ J6 M2 j; {! m, fKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
( z- ` |+ U, B* {7 uStandardization of terminology translation
/ L. C7 k7 T1 x/ cYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
; @8 F: \: j* K* m9 nStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern% R. g. [8 G; J* H
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
0 _' b2 T+ {7 Ffrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213; Q6 U4 R0 s( B6 F
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION- r9 d- ~5 n* A( V
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
; a% X) B8 {. H% D; xa great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
7 S" @3 k2 O# f9 MDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
5 e7 I A: Q' v4 A, P. dHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of1 s7 u- Y/ x( w+ @4 [$ i ]4 ^
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
& w0 D( n# b( u+ u# M7 p; f% {by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as2 i: v" P% z. s M* B% l
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
/ p' ~2 B3 ?1 C2 \. Whis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-. n. u. w' z | i, ]
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
4 y/ B% n* D) I+ }& b4 K3 ?1 G+ rworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner, C& v1 U2 h' M- a4 j( q
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
! s: |4 v" K* g9 C4 ~& N4 v4 SNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
5 s2 @7 u3 D/ S& ~6 _& b/ {0 ^( zto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant0 P @) L& @! y
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,* y- m2 c/ K: b2 Z0 {0 e
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means, k j. N0 a; b
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
# F) ^' T$ b: {" t& bbooks that made him the most productive one among the
, v$ |- b( V! H+ {% M H, L6 }foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,' G; {7 F6 @) k) Z/ O) a3 O0 o+ Y
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
`( i6 _! A- r( |/ p. _2 enoble work which could help accelerate the process of5 I4 e# u; A/ f$ o
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
3 ^1 F- ?* k% b& X9 y5 kIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer5 K1 M* u- f: V; k
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
9 u5 q! \) H! u6 u {' ~science and the standardization of translated scientific& }+ f& A+ E0 [# P0 T$ {- Q
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific) j5 w% t+ O3 W/ q, Q' Y
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
# D2 U( Q! A. u' ?establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
- ]2 e( J4 e9 C( ?contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
1 L( c* S4 l- c, F9 [of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in0 s, E, \- o: C$ U: I0 _, A. F; {) `
Modern China.
5 j+ o% W! h% Q5 w: W1 xAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published& h! q& ]5 n# f; y9 x: i( ]: v
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of( R* y, E2 B3 |' M
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
* j) V8 p, }3 Ya lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In2 a' b5 C; N& Z' O2 m/ |
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and& }1 B4 W$ }7 Y0 m& |/ E
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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