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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688+ Z) \8 e# S4 s
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
[ g% z5 u9 R# C% h- u! \/ Y5 rYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of' Z3 I3 K A, p
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.* Z2 U; k/ j1 U' ]3 t
' f' ?# p; U+ G% oLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of& p4 w# _: p1 a. e% `
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
8 B6 z( d! w3 A0 a+ [& g5 T3 L
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
7 D- m, v0 S$ N" ]2 E; @* `Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018/ L( L( Y$ n0 D5 i- O- I
Published online 26 January 2018. D$ V: h1 h5 c4 \
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$ Y% _4 B" k0 KAbstract
5 R6 ~$ q# ^( e& s5 j/ PJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing$ I3 r: b( k& L9 z
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The' `2 I9 S' ` u6 I9 e, h
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been2 F/ J- O9 F P% o& s& U2 w+ N( z, d5 y
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not! _9 C+ i- G/ ?" \/ c7 {5 d# V
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific+ t$ D& k" B2 W( s: }
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly1 y) @; |) t9 m6 P
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
7 W/ K1 |7 e6 t. g. D1 x% Htranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s- I2 v# b/ E) b1 y8 {2 l
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
- t6 h9 ^7 m" P8 a. Nand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
0 T1 D8 l* e% tstandardization of the scientific terminology translation/ y% z; R1 ]+ q
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien s* G& z! v( Z7 j) X+ ?
he established had helped greatly with the popularization; u8 {4 v9 {" S9 v1 n
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
: d, k; }7 Z5 y" j- {& e+ `the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
7 T! B) w+ R; A5 k- J; M; L8 efor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
' {' r) w r# W' m* u- q4 Z& xthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
5 s- j1 u5 q- |% ggreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific! C+ H4 m. N% Y
terminology.
* P1 y6 Q3 m5 }$ `+ ], `5 HKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
( j, q8 S# g* F* H, |Standardization of terminology translation5 W% [3 s. o2 `9 A" Z
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to0 T7 q" H w( n; n @0 D1 @; H
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
( `# j0 ]; Q5 ZChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available7 u7 U$ u! d: v2 _ I" ]
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213$ K$ l" U. g/ R
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213( ~7 t2 j8 P/ a9 X7 b" e# W
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9 ?( Y2 O Q& |( Z+ D# m. M, q& GINTRODUCTION
$ n& j, O3 @6 y8 ^/ `* I3 U( V4 ?% oJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and' _8 M. s5 R. a* Q0 Q3 K$ b
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).+ Y/ F) @: ]! N4 [8 k
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
( n9 L/ {( N- c1 @4 pHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of$ @' {/ {: g/ v) ^
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed+ R* V3 Y8 W6 s$ b
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as0 r( ~ p, U8 Z0 ]) H
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on2 X1 e1 c9 j% I0 ]% R+ N. Z
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
, I) c) P# c( q1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
; J$ i6 P# Z# N6 j' Xworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
+ j8 K$ x. @% U# y. l, qFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
4 e+ O$ s* \# j! w- X, K- U8 dNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
" n' Y2 J, ~$ Rto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
* n. k& {7 c# b( F) Q) gwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,9 Y8 Q; d: j/ _+ P
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
' L8 t5 d5 R2 m8 n" |0 oFryer translated more than one hundred of Western7 d. A- t2 s& t' {0 b
books that made him the most productive one among the
9 C9 n) @+ t! aforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,7 u- K8 Z; E" e; p; x3 b0 \
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a8 p; i+ ~( E+ k! ~+ A) N4 U4 ^- @
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
9 s* T( J6 i& A9 rpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).4 E5 `; V% \7 C3 i& [: N3 b
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer0 ~7 Q; m S, L9 H# ?1 m
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western* d* ^$ r* w9 e$ F" |" W8 b
science and the standardization of translated scientific, g! o! {4 W, E) ?- T! }: Y4 J; O9 v0 e
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
1 o) A6 V8 K+ y0 d0 e/ wmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
3 S3 o6 o* g2 c( N: B. d( y, Gestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
' e- J+ t3 w9 h3 g9 Jcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
0 W, u$ E+ X# d! [of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
% X; \2 w5 `) d4 e2 B% s$ PModern China.( q% t Q* e4 D$ W3 n
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
: B2 A- N1 V" Y% S/ j2 s4 RThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
K% ?" z# I% B( L! btravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
# O' B N/ M8 P W, W% f5 ?a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In( U3 N8 P Z, K# C/ q2 |
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and2 T' l- g# d. `& u' |
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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