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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 : {$ I3 E% ^) q$ Z( C8 \
+ K4 ^! m/ m. _7 N$ I$ c% S% {http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688/ ?2 g( E) s. D* M" {
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
3 I! |- a% T" f1 O' V/ s; R/ aYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of8 D, f( d/ A- l$ M5 ]7 i/ R& o
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
6 F8 e0 ^6 D- x7 g) r" D- D
H7 y( G7 _- n- b. b$ j* }6 Z& {* FLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of5 Z( |1 m. L; ?) t
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.+ N6 ?% T* U; r7 T
* k- l3 L5 S F. R& D# vSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .5 L. A) V: d0 v7 M ?) M) m G
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018* x' b1 f; I6 C/ u! [
Published online 26 January 2018 p/ X5 \$ W) g+ c; }. O* v
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Abstract
. T0 d y- N( d4 X' dJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing; ~0 d3 p- k4 O+ M5 G; n4 @
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The: w, A0 X1 F9 c0 }
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
' t4 H0 L& s7 \8 Fengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
; }2 U: Y* m( g |* ]only having translated a great deal of Western scientific4 r+ h- z: z4 q. K6 W0 g
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly& F8 X5 d) ~- @- C; A
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
# z ~- ]# W2 g( Y2 X6 u6 qtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s5 x1 R. R' h, G! P# w# ` S: a
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
6 A& f n- S5 S4 q0 qand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the, N' Q7 i/ q. x d
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
6 U* [% w8 d9 l2 S4 e; n4 _in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien y# p" F+ `9 y1 V& f) H; b7 s1 r
he established had helped greatly with the popularization4 x# O5 {0 M8 X7 [0 n* |6 [8 {
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
0 E- G. j7 }0 }9 [6 Tthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way) o, _, w: j9 y; r& ?2 Z3 b
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and! @/ ^0 [- \" c0 a
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
& o& z9 a0 y; S4 L, q( k Q2 ?4 n0 mgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
& H$ c; \8 V# [% [. i' Hterminology.
! E% [# f0 A+ z$ F5 y& Y. ~3 fKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;3 _ N+ h$ t8 M1 f- j4 R5 `
Standardization of terminology translation
/ x6 Z1 Q" }. m8 L$ B6 X( S' g( ZYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to$ h+ k8 B$ |( K0 j% s% K. [
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern% r* m: s9 j9 v r5 G
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available5 W7 b. }6 S. `3 ~9 ^9 V7 w6 @8 K
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
1 K0 s7 | y. X" z5 C$ n$ v: f) tDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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5 d+ o' \8 P _% l8 e% A4 s6 ~INTRODUCTION: U1 k& e- [' Z# R/ V6 g6 Y
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and) J1 [8 G7 x6 `% [+ |
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
( r5 g6 s* B( t2 R9 PDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to* R- ]' u: i! J" V! X9 Y
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
3 V( r% w3 o% s4 s: O* }& m& G; NSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
7 ~1 ?) q* z x9 F" a4 f. Iby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
) t6 r! h, n( |an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on" j5 P4 q7 y& u7 s* k: h# o/ ~1 i! T
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
$ P- c5 c1 W- j; Q( F1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
( b- v! i! L4 N3 g7 Jworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
& y8 K. e' z% Y! a2 O& L, o" aFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
+ k) y) @$ K2 J) m! J, vNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
6 d5 ] O& a, @7 J& ~- U$ G! Gto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
9 m) H4 ^5 ^ j! Swould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,. ~2 q7 d& D2 @) Z8 f+ g
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
, a- ^8 c- }, n- r% h5 h& cFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
; L h4 v W3 z, Abooks that made him the most productive one among the/ Q. [) f8 |/ o; L: p
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,, ?. B/ C2 ~: l
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a+ q5 ]8 Z8 J" s( M& T" P
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
4 A6 }, @/ e. _) `7 Fpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).$ `0 D. `1 N t3 I. o x
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer1 B" ^" ?& d u. Q
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
3 Q' {6 g R% L! K) o' o, yscience and the standardization of translated scientific2 D( f0 j+ \& h+ N4 }# d% G
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific9 i- }; Q$ O, @, ?( H
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
# }/ D4 k, J! D' Q9 ^establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another9 g2 v9 r9 l6 C
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series& D- P2 k$ W$ J3 B- E7 ?. o) L
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in E4 s! k8 D- j5 L
Modern China.' C1 J, s% a. ?8 B
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published6 z$ x* L- ]6 M3 Z+ ]! U$ |
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of! h% ]. c, t/ B g1 j
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
. ^* h( Z+ \ j G$ ^a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
/ f8 u# h5 |, HJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and% R: M! Y+ G; R0 ]$ [! t$ ?
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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