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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 % b! s) _ i6 T d1 q3 c
1 U$ D- T% @4 `- F/ }http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688" W7 C( \- K2 f
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China/ }. `9 w! J$ Q! R' R
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
% P8 F# Z. I1 s y2 Z0 k' Y, W/ _Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
. s! i7 v7 [6 J) E! _ V# D6 W) q# Z/ @5 s, _& j" M
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
, n# ~8 O) n/ }7 c2 i5 @2 ?Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
3 R; j. x$ O$ k0 ]: \Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018 f/ N& m5 N6 b2 o
Published online 26 January 2018) t) A& w5 `6 v8 H' |0 u2 S
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Abstract
! ]( C- p2 W7 ?0 yJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
. |* Y! p( y. G" O& a4 [+ v5 \Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
; t& R }: O0 n; j# u' {, }) ~Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
4 p$ f" U- ]7 Vengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
, S Y. N; n2 w; ]) V* {only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
" g) w5 _' D0 j' yworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
H# e/ Q. c8 l0 @, \) e- o. D, R& v2 rto the standardization of the scientific terminology
5 M X% S1 `4 z& ~. N0 v; Atranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s2 o* v( @9 C4 z/ a; B
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,! A* D9 @ Z/ D+ }
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the! X- G+ N! F9 S. d/ i* M6 q
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
( @. _4 C% L2 i+ ^# X" n* C) o& gin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien6 y: C0 F( E8 L7 | H0 Z, d
he established had helped greatly with the popularization9 s/ p2 F) J+ T/ D6 ~; s
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
% G' `- M$ B) W( Athe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
0 w1 I8 N1 h& | R: w# ufor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
{! S5 ~1 M5 S1 Y7 x" lthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a6 ?0 }/ P c1 I4 N- l
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific2 U6 A. l5 A+ U6 c" f9 n$ o
terminology.
7 _9 ^4 [. K" i/ X4 o; Y- \6 LKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;4 \: i( Q* v& q% F. ^* B
Standardization of terminology translation0 n6 ^0 H! a5 C. \$ A' o
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to8 H& {0 k3 u0 X7 y
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
+ X2 G- m* H- \' S" R$ l3 YChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
P- l8 j" ~! d! `5 {. vfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
% C. j% x" S9 M, @DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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) t# I- j' d8 ]: eINTRODUCTION5 o% F% K7 X+ {8 n* P
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and, e T( G" W! ]3 }3 p
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).' N" G7 W/ D" V: P+ i
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to1 I/ q8 G2 X! D
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of6 I& L. b3 V/ Z& |
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
' `% A+ ]4 `) m9 b/ ?4 wby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
+ z% O" `2 q* U4 \7 W4 ean editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on0 b8 _, U9 ?% E; |* Z; M
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-5 b9 f* {5 u; z* g6 @% I+ b
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific! X. T R( x* l E
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
: H+ @% ~0 K5 q% k" K+ pFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.1 k" E F# r0 L
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
8 J; v+ n" |. ^( X2 o( K: Q S# f8 Qto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant' {2 E7 O2 U& y- Q/ R/ @/ R) }* G
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,# I. q4 ]* T& M4 J6 \: y a
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,& l/ O' G L: N1 A4 D
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western* |6 F1 M# a% m8 a( s: x
books that made him the most productive one among the
" y" r# |; {, Q9 [foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,( Y6 N$ D5 }1 P% w
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a. U! o) {0 t5 O$ ?9 T. c
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
6 R j2 x0 ~: f0 Mpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
; b: k/ f" ]/ Q7 a! F8 \In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer) ]8 K4 R* k( ^, }( n6 I- F
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
$ S( z. e+ @( T; oscience and the standardization of translated scientific" n7 d; y5 |! z9 |( Y, t4 C
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific n; a, E" X L
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the( e% g9 t! m; t1 H% L
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another4 T; ~: t. b, }' h! m% D9 ~
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
0 Z2 T- i- x3 D: X7 R# P- vof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
% o9 l/ n H/ T& J# Y2 D. A aModern China.9 }3 M& u( x( l0 R l% P$ D
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
9 c1 K; d3 S2 l/ HThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of- ]9 B- d9 g$ f) L& [
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
' `8 _: k; s) v7 da lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
, p e$ f8 p2 W3 t/ e; YJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and! t2 [9 f/ Z: s' t8 r( o, O
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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