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How to figure a home's fundamental value
3 d' ?) S2 U8 ^4 Z- m. k0 tLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:- q0 x7 b* Y$ }; B7 k( L
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3 j/ B+ \6 {# b( n, F& XIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.7 C7 O9 P' x' ]! K( B3 \) ]
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
1 {4 P/ c% m( p* g) x2 M3 I* [! VSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.$ P6 [' U6 t) C/ o6 y
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.( z9 B7 @( z4 R0 b1 H3 q% i+ e* M$ i" B3 ]
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 2 T- Q; e/ F9 E
7 p. n, G5 a; Q/ e+ d) f) {% dIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.; }! t s$ r" r4 p+ p3 k% O& u5 q
9 U# |# S) P& {' t& A h6 mIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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* ]/ S) w3 o) ]' e1 W! a Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2 ) h9 c; e/ ?3 ?( |( F% @( g
San Diego 22.8 29.7 ) |( {8 j$ P7 [# d; U3 e4 r
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 ! e: M4 ]1 X- `6 e3 b+ w
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
9 ^% z1 {" g' c- x* s5 q& c6 dSeattle 20.4 25
5 ^- H2 T2 ^/ EDenver 17.7 23.7
7 S5 X E3 u( i, M. {New York 21.2 22.5
" x7 N& Y9 H2 `0 i9 Q: RChicago 17.2 20.8
8 D! C% C. L1 e! `9 GWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 9 m4 Q6 {2 N3 y$ y, w6 A
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: Y* P% A4 T6 g. n5 G4 h( R0 tIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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/ m2 h% g. K7 p( x `. BFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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