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How to figure a home's fundamental value- a1 C% D# `( Z
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued./ O' j" N$ \( Z5 B# E
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.$ L- _- X( R% V7 _+ q1 q4 q
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently./ @- D- j9 o) S* p% x$ ?" q
7 z# B. X( J& y* Y/ fTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:( ?4 i5 z6 T2 f2 j" f
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.2 w; s. j1 d# Z
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
* r8 j* j3 P+ i' P6 s' Q3 k8 {2 S' Q: OSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
& F/ D+ T/ e8 bNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
3 c8 `1 X- \& E0 F6 g( ^You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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+ g/ b5 ^: D: l+ p; z! l8 y! uIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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& ^1 S* S& L# Z# \) l" PIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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, u! D9 I+ K6 d' v; \$ M( P6 n Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 6 f/ s) q& [2 X$ E$ t
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
$ @# ], d5 M5 H. T' T5 @0 OBoston 20.5 30.2 ) I) c% D% H+ H* G3 a8 ^
San Diego 22.8 29.7
# i: e; ]1 S _2 M: V4 _, nSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 - W# s7 t: q# D7 f" Q5 X- M
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 # e# ~ _/ W9 s0 G) ]3 ?( o
Seattle 20.4 25
' b1 y% R7 E- B+ w1 b) \Denver 17.7 23.7 % X' u# P( w/ m6 b& M$ l; x
New York 21.2 22.5
. J8 D& M3 d$ H# gChicago 17.2 20.8 , i U: j. r; o. L4 W& d
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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0 b5 c5 Z! Y- z. n! J* ZFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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