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How to figure a home's fundamental value4 V9 A4 m, y1 M- \
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.9 J$ _- S% [4 U+ {0 N
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.% I% G+ K3 j8 s% V u
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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1 G" I4 b4 \! ?6 b9 E4 T% b" V' _* STo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.& a" ?2 W3 K) ? c
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
& W, k0 Q# m( Y5 d& @! eSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.4 Y* A4 W/ u1 @+ o
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
6 D2 p5 g0 G/ VYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ' Y& }5 T) K- I/ N0 Z8 E5 h( F3 r
/ a: b7 w2 B9 S& E& ~If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.5 h0 K8 Y, Z" O) t) b) |
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas . V3 Z" N9 ]0 W* L. `
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 # E3 K5 E* V/ ^% ?, D
Boston 20.5 30.2 ! m k) D y0 g
San Diego 22.8 29.7
9 \: ~% H( g/ A4 FSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 0 P! R6 B: u P+ `/ m
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 8 o6 ]1 D ` B1 ?" l4 D
Seattle 20.4 25
5 Q4 M2 Q" m9 \4 sDenver 17.7 23.7 - Y# H: J; S) Q5 q. }5 e
New York 21.2 22.5
0 U; [6 {+ A. E3 WChicago 17.2 20.8 - R' n& V$ L) o- E
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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