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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 - ~- S# K' }1 \: }; J
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1 P# D* d7 N5 m* q' }Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?( Y4 {; h' m/ R+ S6 h8 y$ B1 ?
! `$ [ [" B: OBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
$ ?9 t/ k/ b$ `, t' j7 D) CBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
4 E5 K1 i4 h" d7 }* }The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.$ W! r" y3 ~& t: ^) M
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
; U, l% `6 Y3 v2 ]The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
- h) @- z; \$ G1 `2 Q9 sThe country codes used are :
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# s' S4 z" b" k- W* RCODE \COUNTRY
1 N: x! }' Z) n% `7 I! ~( }00-13 USA & Canada6 m; ~2 f; J" \* O S5 s
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
) G, }2 J) i# Q0 |$ d6 j30-37 France v9 O& K6 ~8 ^
380 Bulgaria3 ]( i' l3 L4 `1 {9 V3 w, F
383 Slovenia
; o$ _- m- w7 [1 [385 Croatia" N' N4 A1 N/ G) _7 p" c4 t
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
. j( s& q4 A5 q, O400-440 Germany
% q. z6 o, X; G, Q7 J45 Japan
% g' S& C Q' C) E; B46 Russian Federation2 G' ]8 k: A- A
471 Taiwan$ [$ F% F) T6 U& H) A
474 Estonia
8 _. n4 w, T1 K9 q475 Latvia$ ^- D9 d! i3 W* ^+ M
476 Azerbaijan
/ S f2 y, T B, S477 Lithuania& z$ d4 ^" D& }7 w6 q
478 Uzbekistan
; M( w* d+ c9 k v3 M* u479 Sri Lanka) F! _# y2 W+ E
480 Philippines
' u( U% G! ?6 O/ w8 `8 _% t, M% X481 Belarus+ G, X, b+ r3 {/ R |: f0 {
482 Ukraine. @" N' C' B1 |6 q6 B& Y# |- R
484 Moldova
2 G- m1 ~) p3 M485 Armenia
9 H9 B9 |7 ~# P. l8 k% M1 ^# `486 Georgia% Z/ Q% [5 H# I& F1 l" I0 G
487 Kazakhstan) z4 f7 Z4 F) J! @4 K+ h& O" D
489 Hong Kong. p+ N# \1 H2 j2 R, e3 A
49 Japan! [6 q- t4 {( I8 u* H! O& f/ E9 |: u
50 UK5 F9 |1 m( h& X- Y& D/ p
520 Greece
8 @0 H; K& J; }" C. u' ? M528 Lebanon1 p& d) `& @/ x/ [. f% W
529 Cyprus
4 i2 P/ L& | n5 Y& Q: {; q! W531 Macedonia$ v) o- T0 g4 A/ e# [ Z; A3 G
535 Malta1 k% t* q. M; w n w5 O/ Q. h
539 Ireland, @& z& R) {% v2 ~5 o' w
54 Belgium & Luxembourg# }, Z; }% l9 ]% O3 a- I S
560 Portugal7 J1 q* B x1 P; b, |
569 Iceland/ Q" t$ I- l' U, u( K5 ^
57 Denmark2 Y S" k! o- b& c V# w
590 Poland
' e; X) k3 F g8 x- } J594 Romania0 c0 S7 W) ~5 i4 k I- q
599 Hungary7 R! o; k' n& \8 {( `* ~$ F9 y3 N
600-601 South Africa% k- B6 ~8 v3 r( H# L
609 Mauritius3 {- `3 ?& P9 ^; {* a
611 Morocco/ R: ?4 ~, v# R8 r0 A8 G. C
613 Algeria* U, k$ i0 B, S& t
619 Tunisia
* Q. s8 H' z) X9 z' P621 Syria
" G! ~# v r2 |) J622 Egypt
5 U; X) q! `6 ?0 K7 X3 Q0 v624 Libya
4 f2 P p; R" I% m/ ^& r; D( z# v625 Jordan1 M9 t0 Q7 k$ [# A' o
626 Iran
7 S: S) D9 _' W! ^/ R9 [9 m627 Kuwait- P5 b8 @. l3 Z5 Z$ l& j/ l" o+ u
628 Saudi Arabia
1 k7 {# W) e# t4 v629 United Arab Emirates5 V- b# z& G7 \5 E7 Q0 X& Y
64 Finland
% I' o: r2 u8 ^7 y0 e' s690-692 China
9 J1 M' y1 O/ |3 A7 V7 Q70 Norway
/ R! i# M3 k; R729 Israel2 n0 C. z% W# R# o
73 Sweden
, |2 P1 j6 n: `& b# Z# g; @740 Guatemala
c# F* |6 d' T, S& T2 H- i2 [741 El Salvador
9 k, C @; e" z4 y5 X$ g ~742 Honduras
: @; p; N; V6 x: L3 _' n/ A% }743 Nicaragua6 |1 v: P0 z& y$ E
744 Costa Rica
+ S( T& Z6 z. u( N4 n745 Panama
1 M- Z _6 o7 I6 e/ r' {2 P% m4 a746 Dominican Republic
- r, h- f, B1 u5 ?750 Mexico
3 a# S) P/ i5 W759 Venezuela
& H3 q6 i2 A. T( c76 Switzerland t$ K; f4 \$ u$ z3 z2 W
770 Colombia( I0 B: }0 l D* ^6 G
773 Uruguay, `0 E+ G3 Q) R, F/ a! |
775 Peru+ |& n9 P$ @4 r& d$ z. E
777 Bolivia
+ D) i2 C6 }0 ^0 B0 Q779 Argentina
$ f3 [, l3 x- g j780 Chile+ E0 A8 R3 M2 @- \) v0 {8 n- L$ |7 I
784 Paraguay! z7 S& V/ ~+ h9 Z7 V, v/ p
785 Peru
# R" t/ M! p7 X786 Ecuador4 z4 n: j# Z- _: ]' D
789 Brazil
3 O+ [: ~; z0 g# E' i" g5 I80-83 Italy# ^0 J: Q( B% H( x! G) Y! L
84 Spain
/ V4 F9 X! e ]: W: X( n' Z% l850 Cuba" [ u7 r& m' \% {, \
858 Slovakia
" S' N+ T" |& n8 |- T7 \859 Czech Republic, T9 E( ~3 M6 I; Z& u0 b( o+ v
860 Serbia & Montenegro
1 @# J0 C8 ~8 k2 l& U& A869 Turkey% b0 U8 h; i6 i( A& {7 K1 }1 b
87 Netherlands9 e1 }* I' L+ x. u6 a e+ B
880 South Korea& v5 |* B. ^9 a6 _
885 Thailand
& E0 g8 G7 w9 \3 U9 y2 {; h. A888 Singapore
% }. U# O- s" \ q, y, m890 India$ \0 w# l8 n- F; s. B
893 Vietnam6 L, e$ G- J0 f( }* ^4 `
899 Indonesia: @) {/ ?/ h: l* a# M; C
90 -91 Austria5 o% S# ~: b: C1 E7 k Q% C/ n
93 Australia; I4 T( @; `/ {$ \! g
94 New Zealand
- ^) |+ f% e" k B$ D955 Malaysia
- ?& @) A6 z* H3 t# ?" D958 Macau! }8 Y! b1 c- Q- [
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)6 e: u0 f& J, D7 O% l3 _" y) D
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
0 x. D# y" K; k4 [* j- q8 [$ T979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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6 x ]* }* u6 @8 \: Y' T# KMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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