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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 / Z5 c8 G& b& L* L$ c. L
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/ z3 G6 T% w; e# nCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
" S) |: ^: @1 V$ C$ o4 K, x: fBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
6 `, a) P7 J$ j9 \The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.* @6 f0 O: O. e. t& ?9 ^
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.- J5 U9 }/ R1 B0 A
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.' U; V* Y6 t1 w; B- \
The country codes used are :2 f+ d0 {9 B6 V
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CODE \COUNTRY
$ W, G2 L" }& ]% p00-13 USA & Canada
7 Y8 ?/ `8 N8 y) E2 H$ v! C20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
B# f j1 O+ p2 c3 C% M& @30-37 France
/ t$ R: ~- y, R& W380 Bulgaria
$ z8 ]3 u" B) c4 ?) D383 Slovenia4 `) [/ B) w% F- H) n7 N! O
385 Croatia
2 y" [7 p2 F9 m# \- K387 Bosnia-Herzegovina @ v, G% B% e5 z" U
400-440 Germany8 T* K5 C0 b( D @8 y
45 Japan
" Y, F, i* J4 ]3 A. O' d46 Russian Federation
" u% t5 f& q( Y6 R471 Taiwan# |8 ^; K8 \4 D& g
474 Estonia
, [6 z; {2 S. X( c9 S475 Latvia
9 m. s! z. E/ f1 |476 Azerbaijan
$ J- c* ?- _: S3 T6 a477 Lithuania
. s4 q* ^& }: j4 t478 Uzbekistan! y& p! {- @ o+ H/ r
479 Sri Lanka9 }3 q- a$ W, \1 u& ]/ s4 a
480 Philippines
0 _/ n M3 X! \8 u% F' @481 Belarus3 l; v) E2 t( x
482 Ukraine& X) C/ y1 G" g: v4 Z2 ]0 G
484 Moldova
% n3 q, q8 [+ Q7 U( S485 Armenia
' h; \; c, M9 M C6 r/ z8 C486 Georgia
3 h1 Z& h$ A* k0 w$ f487 Kazakhstan
1 f: J- ]4 l3 n6 p8 I G+ z+ W2 |: U489 Hong Kong
% n: r2 @, d$ U$ v+ E s% m( c4 u49 Japan
+ N9 B% M' ]% s3 R- E# _% Y50 UK
{3 r. i$ k' V- X3 ^2 y( g7 S520 Greece- X; u7 w) s* x7 D$ a" ~; v
528 Lebanon
9 |* U& \3 o* ]. L4 w529 Cyprus
; ?$ z, h Z5 `5 A Q' T531 Macedonia4 k, n9 ?9 P! L9 p) q
535 Malta. j+ M, c- n7 T0 F; U
539 Ireland
& c8 ?" _5 \) W3 Y* |3 m54 Belgium & Luxembourg
q7 N# S* \- T% f( _( P560 Portugal
- ?1 P: B8 J6 r; `# K569 Iceland
! J( j" G8 r5 ]) }5 h! l! f& q" G57 Denmark
" w8 i; c/ D H3 _- a7 Y) u6 s0 O/ r590 Poland$ O( I, A9 {9 m: c' M7 g
594 Romania
' @3 H" v) @/ ?6 U599 Hungary( p6 g9 h; V' t. E8 A* @- k) r
600-601 South Africa
$ O' o) f' d) Y$ h: q& P$ ?5 O2 k609 Mauritius
V$ ^5 G8 q8 f; I# g611 Morocco, m& C+ q8 z$ x1 e+ O' V
613 Algeria/ f; |3 X) G+ `0 W2 `
619 Tunisia
v& y5 Z, K7 M9 y621 Syria
1 J) j8 w. x$ s6 U/ \& [% c622 Egypt5 G4 S) K9 x5 D, q7 t2 R$ C+ w& G
624 Libya; w2 r4 L2 w# c0 Z0 k" G4 H
625 Jordan1 K5 Q8 E3 d3 |0 P) k( K: |( i1 H
626 Iran
2 [ w' e; q9 {" l, T" U3 D7 @1 n. M# `627 Kuwait
9 l' j4 x) P/ M0 a- b5 M3 p. t628 Saudi Arabia
' v8 E1 J, T% l) k! j; G! u629 United Arab Emirates ^# N f+ t8 A2 j6 m
64 Finland
7 ^+ l* H6 n% i% u* @' U+ T3 e, c# `690-692 China5 r g7 B w7 s5 a0 R' q* _
70 Norway, e9 ]# H) G8 w* H( a' b
729 Israel
: p4 d! u- V% z! F9 d73 Sweden
& r1 R# d9 z: N, k740 Guatemala
8 m4 G V/ D: m! i$ n741 El Salvador$ S7 l6 f& F% L
742 Honduras
3 }5 t9 K: {% R743 Nicaragua
8 _; m$ E# M. T) V744 Costa Rica: L/ E% ]9 s* i& _/ |
745 Panama4 L) H8 |- R- X" [' y
746 Dominican Republic
, o; \! q* M4 c" z/ e3 B* O! H( k750 Mexico
3 ` R9 z, J: b759 Venezuela( x/ r. U5 |* W: M" M/ h' C% D
76 Switzerland
. o; m! R1 C3 v9 {! [; t& R" m770 Colombia& o, A9 s% \" Q Q6 A. I& D) O' u& L
773 Uruguay
* J7 N- X8 P9 t- V7 r775 Peru
/ n( Y% G2 H1 s* E# J777 Bolivia
0 T" U1 J' O+ `, F779 Argentina) t! c5 q* L- d
780 Chile
5 M3 u5 F: \9 z$ b# F3 R# p( Z784 Paraguay' P+ A* O$ T2 r0 j) c1 s: ^
785 Peru
2 b' P, v) }+ R3 A! u786 Ecuador
) [# ~- i& o9 J/ w2 I* \2 T789 Brazil
: |# y% i$ h X& T/ j80-83 Italy
' b2 o7 f; Q+ H J$ v* X8 z84 Spain
6 q; Z& W% s! W5 k850 Cuba
: }$ S$ |; H$ Y858 Slovakia2 @) t6 }3 e4 i0 m0 g/ {
859 Czech Republic$ h) O7 V0 i; ~7 ?! v' x
860 Serbia & Montenegro5 z2 n# x+ O, Q/ F( h" f
869 Turkey3 Y( Y2 H& u- Q W
87 Netherlands
; ~" E! K1 |. k ^; i1 i2 f, _880 South Korea# C$ [ S3 X$ ?! E! U. h2 l7 z- b
885 Thailand9 S. h8 ^; K0 l4 |
888 Singapore* X1 S0 g3 f4 h/ t+ l# r! I; Z
890 India$ I/ ]: q2 Y% @% Y9 H G# b/ R
893 Vietnam1 g' n. x1 A# X/ @5 s& Z. J- c: ]
899 Indonesia
) M7 w( H$ c7 V3 N. V7 [& E# s90 -91 Austria0 D. B& Y$ {' s
93 Australia
/ Z8 ]2 P8 n8 M# s0 ~- a8 _; T& K94 New Zealand
0 m, M! B* I9 f, B955 Malaysia9 P, {) P2 c4 Y9 H
958 Macau1 P3 w N1 p" y# }1 B
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)% y9 ^/ |" a. f! x6 Z3 y
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
+ S& j, ?/ C4 S* {979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number): r# T. i- B$ i4 @9 s% Y! J9 S
' J% \0 `. W( P) iMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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