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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑
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7 j. K) p( @( X/ t" A) \5 r* |The Flap" K  p' {! s, Z* j( }
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A flap occurs in three situations.
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
: q7 Y5 [& E5 U$ ^/ o0 E      like a 'd' and is said very quickly." m9 k) P5 G4 c, Q: m* R
                                    
9 r' z; L" p$ n         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.( x. t9 n' f( ^# U
                                    + @( ?$ ~3 _' _
                 4 z+ B. \3 z( [4 E  k
  water becomes wader& B! U3 N- y3 B8 `; O* Z
  Do you need some water?
1 }1 y* Z1 t+ v0 i                  ; H: S0 m2 U* v% Q. s# C* f* @6 }
  letter becomes ledder
3 P: M# v# _+ z  The letter was in the mailbox. ( _- p4 t- @; w! V0 `  v
                 4 I6 d& K( t. i$ A
  bottle becomes boddle1 ]$ U  B6 {4 I! r
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. " n& o; i$ x1 W
                
/ e: K6 D/ i& ]  butter becomes budder  D5 T6 d8 j6 \0 i3 U8 H
  The butter melted in the sun.
! L; V/ K! @; b                                     2 t8 t! n$ R( g
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is( s8 ?+ e( t3 D6 G# v
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth
  M( `( f: |' W7 [      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce
/ A% |' T7 j4 V& ^      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very$ g9 A) y  Y0 K' {8 u/ C9 w
      quickly.   
# e" d; p8 ]( e: t3 n                                     3 N2 S3 r- {" r
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
8 _) }% M% ^. O" u7 s$ C- f# @                                     6 c; p, r8 n, s- x' U
                   medical        She is a medical student.
1 |: u2 [, i+ D' W: J0 p) U2 P                    sediment            
% E6 }+ R" ]$ U+ t3 w+ |1 L+ {# KThe sediment on the river bottom is course sand.% D3 T" }: g, k2 w! s

6 P  ]/ s; e4 i4 a) u                    cadence            6 m+ e8 n0 _7 x. T0 p, e: [8 u6 P
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.
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                   cider         This apple cider is great.' E& {, t$ i2 F8 q! |
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.
! Q  n: r" }1 N: i; x                                     
- R" n% b" s0 p" M) S  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the# m* |, ~- ?" `3 A" \* x
       next. (see section on linking)) U2 T, ?# ?- s) v: O6 n
                  ' R+ O. k$ p1 r
        Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
% ]1 q. e2 R* X! x2 a) ^                   - L& f0 b( _  X' ~* i- s) g- \
           'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way" `. Y0 x/ H$ W% e/ T
          I'll get your bags right away sir./ o  W" i4 k- s) ~

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                  / c* S* h/ h3 U3 @& R4 u. R
           'what if' becomes whad dif
6 B2 C! X* T* U/ }- X( i+ ]          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
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6 W+ }4 F7 @; X; L( R0 P             'might I' becomes migh(d) di          0 d: U* L8 T# N% D$ p$ L
           Might I suggest a new tie?
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4 t: e. _" l6 v5 D5 b8 f                   $ t) {" G6 z$ {8 P/ Q
       
8 F% G4 p$ U: R7 @Note: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to1 L. J+ k" @1 }& ^
          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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6 ~0 j8 ^0 J  S0 Y6 ~When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
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8 l2 R* I8 c- b8 q5 w6 R. K4 p4 J                            1 p/ N8 y: ^! s$ D1 v7 c9 s
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
+ `0 v8 ?, Y% Y$ |3 f9 t2 f                            ' t$ h' k$ h6 {
       
: t/ m/ F' \6 t' n' c    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
: w" t2 G/ S* }8 H4 ^; v7 K9 J   Have you eaten yet?# E5 a/ m/ ^, a6 Z$ ^3 _
       
# Z% K; [$ ]1 G, t4 h    'satin' becomes sa'n  
& z! o  J7 [0 O' e/ m" ]   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.  D+ i$ m& j5 q0 M& [. d
        % _( f) P3 e/ ?
    'sentence' becomes se'ence   t; U% K5 d' b- c! r; `
   This sentence makes no sense.2 a0 Q- O$ \& D8 ^) P0 D
       
1 ~# j# L' |' T- Y( I3 f    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
" B7 I# u& T+ q! v/ v9 h   I'm not much of a mountain climber.5 d" B5 m# J. d) A4 ^( w: t
       
* M3 L0 b, L7 }* \% |3 E    'getting' become ge'n        # W# E% ^6 G$ g8 y
   I'm getting to old for this." |( a! h* G- k+ Z$ {" _
       
7 }/ q; U* u6 f1 n% ]    'button' becomes but'n    ! ^6 }& K& @8 V4 A" Y7 O& \
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't* a, ]7 {- `+ O$ z4 J8 c/ b

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9 T! J/ B* u) A- o+ v: mIn an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.. n0 X  [& _* O3 S8 u4 }+ ]9 v9 \" X
                                             $ w, f; f4 w5 F9 h, ^2 t
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
/ r6 t) E, v% H% F( |% G5 o   Then the word is used in a sentence.
  H# ?8 h8 [! p                                              
) G6 d# W: o$ d+ F- ?         $ A& c& W5 W) I5 b& v
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  ; Z' F2 z9 v9 F
   We can swim in the lake.# B( k3 D0 d) t" f- h

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# o5 d0 L3 ~3 i( z   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.' f8 u8 Z6 h4 p+ h! h. A
   I can cook pizza.
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        5 t) J- O7 S. Y
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
  o# S3 H0 n2 M  n6 P. A2 J1 K   She can read Italian and Russian.! x6 a* M/ Q  F- I& S
- Q7 s! i  k# m& x, v8 b  e, N& X

% W0 V! E' E: m: r, o+ y           Y0 Q2 C+ I7 J# e
   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.1 S# \3 s8 |) @5 f
   They can ride on the roller coaster.  a1 {/ l1 S$ \; M  H: c" K

8 N2 N0 _% c; J8 |* a, J                                              
* x- J$ u1 ?! a8 ~In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
; |1 ^9 v* q  m( ]1 b5 x& T                                              
1 N) \4 E. S* j3 j( |   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main% g0 E1 X/ T5 i) v$ r1 B
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
# G# f3 a( f* Y# C" d+ R                                              
# v4 P0 M" r$ c# U$ Y% s7 n( ]1 P6 z% @         7 j: ]. J, a2 s3 B( X
  'We can't go' becomes 3 ^$ j) C- W- b8 ]
   We KAN' GO.  $ n0 K& v* R9 i% I) M
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We can go to the movies.
! R0 t  |; Q7 Z8 m$ h$ Y. x9 j. k5 GWe can't go to the movies.
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  'Larry can't speak' becomes! _5 x) {! d' F% u9 E! T6 }: r
   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
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* h( Z9 `0 d9 N% \! ~& V3 s& XLarry can speak French.
& @7 i# U0 [) P# {$ m7 fLarry can't speak French.
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  'She can't do it' becomes
2 D( O8 B* R# E* _  Q4 _   She KAN' DO it   
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She can do it.7 H3 p9 X* |# J- P+ b) r% o
She can't do it.
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  'Some people can't sing' becomes
: q: C- Y. z: i3 \: U   Some people KAN' SING
  H( _9 R# ~$ M# K' ^$ X5 L, h8 I% GSome people can sing.7 H6 ?, r: K; \& |
Some people can't sing.
& M2 y- `) E9 U 1 g/ ]/ v2 B; Y. _, q! U% E
                                             
' E' G4 [" `* j/ B5 cIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)9 x5 u+ Q- r; S- A+ l% ?, u3 Z
                                             2 r* J' ]$ g/ r& y) Z: Q
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
- i5 {: O. p: j; H" `8 x   Then the word is used in a sentence.# r, \6 f, a$ ^& u
                                             
8 F& @2 H  ^  [1 ~5 _0 _         + g" l6 I* o! O
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)
4 @6 M* k: j& j$ |   We can't attend the concert.. `. S$ w1 l  h& Q1 `
       
# L2 u. F7 C# n4 f3 V: t8 A   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
9 b$ P' F2 ~$ z: w, F0 d& _   Wally can't invite her to the party.% t+ w, J7 T* t! X) T
        8 Q! m5 Q1 A1 c+ Y- @) f
   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
6 a( R- S2 b4 `( z/ [( x" ?) A   He can't answer the question.; `, ?6 A6 O1 }- d) |
2 b7 x5 t8 X6 x+ u: Q% |' a* _2 [
       
5 g2 Q1 a9 K" Y   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )) {7 L* `* S; y5 c  j( A
   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions; @8 e( `# p/ ~# q" X* }% Q& {

) B  U1 v6 e4 G: l, {+ l$ B/ n3 {Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)2 Y& U9 ]2 l3 b1 P* e% c" q/ t

: Q0 I8 e" c7 |+ z6 R                   + ~- \% r5 N$ n/ _8 [; z! H
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
. k" X9 s! x- r, }+ h& z     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.4 R! U" J- I: b4 l# _
                          
0 V5 ]! A+ m; I# w# o$ e, R         1 F/ u' c; }6 X! i
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      & l; q4 @" N/ I
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?
# ^, u3 T0 @2 u- G         $ ], R+ i) t+ ~5 o7 j- s
   + e( `% y: o% X2 ^6 b

- W. j# Q1 A- o9 M9 x2 J; A         & r* J' P2 R% c- ~' Y' Z: A) V
    'couldn't' becomes couldn' 3 v: e& p. U0 ~7 t
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.
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    & g2 W: ~0 t7 ^2 @, B* U0 w

# O4 [0 y1 l' w. `+ l         + ]: t/ ?) ^/ e, }* L
    'shouldn't' becomes should'n          ' g+ d& j& b  J( n; f/ [0 G
   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
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" V6 C; N# m* t8 g' ^* y7 |4 u$ S    'doesn't' becomes doesn'5 \2 Z0 J# e# A- ^7 g
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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