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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 * |5 B3 w/ e+ b( H) X: U3 A. I
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The Flap- }9 g! [% ^) p4 c; J8 L4 }) L

/ p) k" I8 Y6 m+ y, ZA flap occurs in three situations.' |: g( ^! W: I; Q9 v' Q7 }0 L
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
& ]! A& P. R4 L( S6 m! s      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.
' o6 T1 q- E  h* U2 L                                     
. Y3 R* S  U" l; S5 f4 l         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence./ K$ _! S; q" f; l+ a
                                    1 t' O, V) B) {0 q( e# R: O$ `* U
                 1 d) O' c( |4 G! _$ [" n8 O) u2 T' P* s
  water becomes wader* S! [! a1 v. Q: H+ a( @% }
  Do you need some water?) R4 G& P5 B9 v9 ]5 l" D: s- u
                 , [4 N; W* A8 _4 J2 L( }/ A
  letter becomes ledder
/ U, w6 C" p4 U8 J* @2 t1 o  The letter was in the mailbox. ; @: |' V# ]5 [! N' d: a
                
& B; W: q/ Q5 R2 c  e% k  bottle becomes boddle/ J3 _* e+ q  R& w
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. " A$ K3 {5 J# F
                
$ f9 a( l! o: J1 p4 o. f5 [  butter becomes budder4 |- r# ]* b+ K1 H: y- P- P
  The butter melted in the sun. 2 Y8 W; s4 }' V; Z* y
                                    % {( z& S5 S% [/ }& ^
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is1 T' I/ |7 j- W
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth
5 o5 g" p) u: l9 \      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce; j9 o7 K) c, h4 ^9 L2 ]; `" M% E
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very
0 @5 V) t! c5 B- D# E% q+ q      quickly.    $ w6 P/ v7 P6 S% X9 @+ o. f
                                    
2 }% w  |7 A# Y, P3 k         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
/ ]5 o2 F4 u, ]6 k                                     
% f- S  T3 N; \& [: t/ Q  U; C1 w                    medical        She is a medical student.  T5 C- S* z& S; U: i- l2 n
                   sediment            
! I7 P+ ]7 g, hThe sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
$ l9 T4 a  g: p$ @5 ?1 L3 P- z% q
8 L9 C( q" [$ W+ F2 k4 m8 w                    cadence            * X" u- r) [- g; O1 G2 A8 ~  s4 |2 h
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.) \3 L8 L( Q5 K% J% f' p, t
6 o+ Q, `- m% \9 b0 G
                   cider         This apple cider is great.+ E; L- P% O5 c& Y
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.
5 g3 n" \8 i3 Q" Y/ W6 d                                     6 }* ^; t5 E* Y" K
  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the9 |7 O# t! y1 i1 C) I9 p* l9 U) k% L
       next. (see section on linking)8 H: {+ k7 `+ m' R/ |5 M
                  
, b/ W- r- }: N  \$ E         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
" G: T1 @1 b& U( r- K                   
3 m2 [# m3 @* s) Z( l- r# K3 N/ U7 i& r            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
4 H$ [6 E( D6 R% Y7 I4 d          I'll get your bags right away sir.
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% J7 E- o$ J0 @, Y( h, _                   & N4 i- k: i$ e. ^: x' ~5 I
           'what if' becomes whad dif
; P5 m/ u, ^, x' ?4 r! T& I6 g# |5 ^          What if we go to Paris for vacation?2 i+ m% G- F4 Q  i- e: G
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                  3 c4 A  j8 v+ l2 C0 j0 N
            'might I' becomes migh(d) di          0 Q* ^- `3 Y  @( r1 e. A
           Might I suggest a new tie?
' x, ^; n$ K6 f4 g8 _6 I3 s& r0 b& B; ^3 a3 |( }! s1 G

, S, b0 N4 m, d5 L1 u( @                   5 D! _/ z% p3 `' ?) c+ m0 _/ P
       
5 N& k8 g. w5 K2 CNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to" y* `  |! O8 L# X4 |9 P
          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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7 v4 e& V' p7 t* ^- @/ J3 n+ I4 mWhen a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
& z8 D, b/ r( v, u/ t/ T7 J! f. S; G$ F, c; i
                           
! e8 P5 ]7 r: h& T) a& r         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
0 Z! y6 ?$ x! M9 f                            0 e& X  m+ m) A* W3 B9 J# q5 ^
       
" f4 @8 \. s1 d, c; I2 K) s5 h    'eaten' becomes ea'n  : K4 b( L, ?7 M4 y0 ]6 A3 `
   Have you eaten yet?! q9 G3 I5 t, h9 R0 N1 k" q
       
9 h& C: y5 r; G7 V  {) M# b    'satin' becomes sa'n  1 Q3 l8 U8 z; D$ J: _
   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.# Q$ w" K! X4 f2 S
       
1 \" K; ?/ C8 B9 `$ y% l    'sentence' becomes se'ence 0 t2 ^3 E0 u9 Z6 k1 a+ {
   This sentence makes no sense.
* A2 c! D, _& B$ r( H, a/ n         4 _5 Y+ ^6 |' j  s& c5 V8 r) h: C
    'mountian' becomes moun'n    $ f. s& N; `: ^  E3 O% W1 E5 y
   I'm not much of a mountain climber.0 m7 c) y. j! e$ G; h/ C
        1 v0 k2 b7 }4 M: N9 Q
    'getting' become ge'n        ' \& i  D* a  q1 E
   I'm getting to old for this.
7 Y& N& K1 B+ z6 C4 V         9 ~& s/ }0 ?8 D8 T! \6 A
    'button' becomes but'n    , R1 m" J- _7 }* L& W: z
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't  U- V* {; o  B: n; c* ]6 v: X

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0 {! O0 {2 e1 D- Y, }' Q8 V7 y' TIn an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
: F& j0 @3 S9 j+ s7 |* M9 p                                              
; U' Z: T! D7 T: g+ e/ T. {7 W0 x   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.. R5 d' D. v0 ?0 n
   Then the word is used in a sentence.
; B! b+ Q8 m- d0 |- g                                                H4 D7 _; N7 E9 a
        , O* U" }" r, c$ n! b
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  . r7 X% Z8 B* r! I# j  b
   We can swim in the lake.
* n% D: m' H  L) i0 Z: h; x6 E3 E" t: V+ b, X/ N+ J- c' s3 `8 T, J

: q( u* g" x- R2 j" J+ X( Y         % D) T: X+ z' Z7 R
   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.. i9 q7 i1 H8 _2 M3 b+ D
   I can cook pizza.; R' I6 ?) t) b! d+ [0 z, G
. X5 P( L1 M, }% a7 h& m8 l. H; i

: h# w0 y6 D) T, w* p4 O        
  @5 T6 o/ V9 L- Y   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
6 l' \% l. q8 Q, I   She can read Italian and Russian.! M3 N  l: g% R( w- u
% |: c# }$ Y1 v4 d1 m* {* I
1 _) ?6 s) s2 `( O
        # S+ s4 w' l$ r3 A1 I  Z- E7 Z
   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.9 y8 w# t& w! {6 \
   They can ride on the roller coaster.
* H  v! W3 C. ^5 H
* T2 T2 f  f  j9 i% A. C2 b0 k- N                                              1 R" S. C. M7 ]6 X5 ^5 Z
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
+ s8 q/ A) d, b6 x/ \0 Z                                              
% m$ G- H7 r1 K3 l- i# R8 t   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main, s' M- E+ D6 n. r# n+ }
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
+ e3 _( ~1 V$ A5 |$ s6 q                                              3 W7 R$ l1 |' s
        ! m' f3 O# {; y( r  ^2 y, E1 x4 U
  'We can't go' becomes
, B  T8 l/ e/ C' I1 \( H0 X   We KAN' GO.  
2 g. ?/ r. N/ Z2 Z: H
: r( H6 W2 x5 _, t: c+ XWe can go to the movies.
) g& \" i) }( X; s/ x% s6 EWe can't go to the movies.  s. [0 T, C: x
' S) Q% X3 M7 b; C
        . @- p) c$ O  q& F, b7 G
  'Larry can't speak' becomes8 h' ~6 k9 V7 [" u6 q* N& @2 }
   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
$ ?  a) P7 x5 @6 b# s$ H' ~' i  }) |1 e7 s8 s
Larry can speak French.3 d/ f: |6 r( i
Larry can't speak French.. {/ r( a3 J0 o. B

# }, c* L8 e  ]$ y! l        
" h. E, w+ f' s, T. ?0 ?. C5 [  'She can't do it' becomes# x5 ~- \# n, s' z$ V' q
   She KAN' DO it    3 N. N0 u5 t% C6 k7 L
5 E" P9 }6 s. T* F
She can do it.
: e# T3 `# W) b' LShe can't do it.$ A1 B/ i) p+ f0 U; }2 b) q

4 G5 p1 a/ a: c8 {: E0 e         5 O$ F5 e# l( s# z7 R; g+ |
  'Some people can't sing' becomes8 Q8 m1 r$ h, q4 ^3 `- |/ }
   Some people KAN' SING
0 D  ^4 |6 K& ^& A  r+ KSome people can sing.) R5 Y$ ?' ^# v
Some people can't sing.
. z# b4 c# I; I5 t9 | ! g; ^' c' K$ ]; M6 ~3 N1 [' y
                                             
6 A, {9 d; n" N8 B4 C  s' o# BIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
9 p6 i' p% O! H8 H' M4 j                                              
0 b* _) M& m7 `- A& {2 n   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
% |1 g) _8 F$ [   Then the word is used in a sentence.
$ C& U2 e3 q# O  n! j                                              
7 {* u4 ~! c1 K/ k. C8 \! l5 s        
( H, l& J4 _2 Z  _   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend), x, p) h+ I# J: _6 N
   We can't attend the concert.
4 L& k2 V7 [& p+ B        
( P# y& d2 e( I' P% e   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
1 s# U. n; R) L* a+ e$ s  J' Z   Wally can't invite her to the party.
$ t% _( c2 R! H+ h* {' I* ?' M: Q  b        
( c9 O; Z( f7 ^% ^$ y   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)% P1 B0 a5 ^2 S& h  f# }+ N& g5 a
   He can't answer the question.
: R# B- {5 F5 [: ?1 W" J& m3 J ! p& a0 q) F- U( ^& U
       
, P$ Q- D) t! ], Y3 u   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )+ q, J. D+ r  d% r1 l
   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions& J( Q& _2 g/ `% r; y) ?0 D
$ x) @; p% h$ z  L: z
Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)9 u& C- d1 \. R8 ]& I  q" F' A

/ y1 ~& \6 A7 @$ t- T4 z                   ; R$ ^' W0 L+ e, o7 m
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound, ^6 j* f% m" ?2 M6 G/ ~7 m' B: ~* J
     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
% d4 B8 V+ G6 Q0 B6 y/ l. _1 H' {                           
2 S( ?6 |( H7 `3 `+ @! B3 x& ^         ) @- @1 P0 d, C
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      
- q9 u" S$ u( b4 a! O( p3 D8 e   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?# |5 [* B; m7 U0 F- F/ X7 s# p9 e
        3 e( j' v1 y0 I' w
   7 E5 [/ o7 V/ c+ q! o( q7 o* A
* l# P! k7 K/ w% g
        . {' B2 G1 s8 x+ g
    'couldn't' becomes couldn' , d' r: Y$ e( U% z
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.5 U) p7 c. M3 U! F( C0 N, i1 s
        ! V) b* t8 i, C6 B, [2 _- [9 N
    3 k- ?. v. W$ D) {3 q& N* x7 h
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        8 O& i  m* a3 R& M
    'shouldn't' becomes should'n          $ p* o$ W( u( c3 z
   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
- ~& F$ j- o) o3 \* F        
6 y' N% A! m0 s" S$ ^/ ~! r   
( C7 ~: D5 M6 }% I# M1 m
+ T2 v; d8 _% G$ R        
/ ?# a& Q5 Y, l( ?    'doesn't' becomes doesn'
# S* x0 Z7 @  y   Larry doesn't study hard enough.1 S- K! H) @* k& t' ?" g6 @! @
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