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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 8 R9 Y* C6 C- k0 ?$ ^
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The Flap
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A flap occurs in three situations.
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5 [6 ]: ], ^- z  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds* H# ^. V5 n4 I! F: b/ H. u, p
      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.
- D9 `+ x6 r3 ]! [4 v' J                                     0 `* Q; K9 R# I
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.& g  L2 y4 n. [
                                    8 ^- N' Z9 q# I3 ?6 |
                 ) ?8 i+ I1 D% J& s8 {* w3 i
  water becomes wader
' y8 r# n( E' F: t) n: {  Do you need some water?
- Y+ A  k2 n2 h                  / T& L; I% f/ g& @
  letter becomes ledder
; i% g& B) ?6 K$ e7 x; P  The letter was in the mailbox.
1 Y) Y7 G* i0 y0 Q4 K                 
3 K9 }) D1 L1 v# c# q  B* g5 H  bottle becomes boddle) |0 G* _- @' `& i4 v
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor.
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  butter becomes budder6 t. ]6 ~( a6 K9 e9 E- V- {
  The butter melted in the sun. ) C6 n, N+ i! E  f- ?7 ]- R
                                    " T) u/ o: t6 X! _9 y4 Y' Z) L
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
. J+ X. e  b" w4 |      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth% [. D: o+ G! M5 T* @, @3 ]
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce2 P( I' G- R* E- l% D2 t/ J; t
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very
1 g5 a5 S+ I# ]7 x5 w      quickly.    ' V2 j7 t+ c1 u& y
                                    / k4 }; W- H6 P" v3 {4 P6 _/ J" C( L
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.+ ^- [6 |3 a$ F/ i
                                    + w1 d" \  ]  M1 \
                   medical        She is a medical student.
/ g# a/ k" z; ~# v6 N( H  s# P2 [, a. ?                    sediment             * Y/ V# n6 u' K
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.3 p( B& L+ ^6 p) P) Q
  k- m6 j) L) Q) c. U! ]
                   cadence           
6 W  j7 _- L$ [6 \% J. ^Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.
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  `; E4 o4 P" e* T                    cider         This apple cider is great.
: F- T3 B# i, ?- r1 ?# w2 d. j; b                    spider        A spider has eight legs.
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  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the8 \/ e" `4 \6 r  |. E
       next. (see section on linking)
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. W% C' m8 R* {2 y' i3 L         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.$ X0 {9 ]5 y6 c  g# e! h- _. P" w; H8 K
                  . C9 @3 |, i" P6 A
           'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
" U( G! G$ s, K          I'll get your bags right away sir.; @1 d' z+ [4 M" t6 M+ \' j, P( v

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: [, r6 Z' U1 E0 o3 G4 ^  q  ~                   9 u) _* }* g2 z* Q* P
           'what if' becomes whad dif7 e/ v) I9 C% }( n
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?' u) |2 k& V4 K$ Y1 m1 O" i

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            'might I' becomes migh(d) di         
" h3 g# x* q) w, _1 U$ P# c/ z           Might I suggest a new tie?
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  F0 }: P0 G, A                   
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4 d( _" }$ H" O9 ZNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
4 _9 w5 N, f' C% f          link to.
大型搬家
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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- b& G  G& l5 f+ ~' G( |: y" uWhen a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
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                           8 S  O9 O+ j! t) i1 q
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
% c) k" T( Q9 ^: q' f                            8 [& U$ e" [. L6 o* [
       
/ s' F: l, W. R4 _+ j    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
% v- B+ m- Y% q0 g3 q- i: y   Have you eaten yet?
* j. t0 ~6 E/ L2 f2 \/ e8 `) G        
7 w9 C4 c( j! }1 ~9 A1 Q3 e    'satin' becomes sa'n  
' M+ t5 O( ~: B1 C   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.
3 g9 {( \( T+ W+ ~         ! E# }% w: m' P5 T( q- M
    'sentence' becomes se'ence
) E4 d; b3 P1 O5 l   This sentence makes no sense.
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    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
, b! `4 S2 P( e; r   I'm not much of a mountain climber.
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    'getting' become ge'n        , {# I! I. m7 j5 p  r/ V
   I'm getting to old for this.7 ]8 g! M: T" l- O7 w* Z% D8 c& ]/ c
        * b6 y" w& Z' g  v( o* J
    'button' becomes but'n    ) M5 W# |" I- |+ Y( [) n
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't
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$ k* q% Q4 I) n& y- N# j- iIn an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
  I: n" C& d0 E& ^1 |6 ?                                              . j% @7 n* g" a/ q
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.+ A4 j$ n: x) m+ E% ?% q
   Then the word is used in a sentence.6 }2 t# I4 f. v/ R: V
                                             
9 ?( R1 u6 y8 J. X' t1 Q$ Z        
  g& K' C+ P/ p5 L% A( r1 v6 J   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  
) a$ n& a" G( E3 H& \0 U0 U   We can swim in the lake.
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7 q1 c0 V" [' {2 L# n. w9 x & U4 _$ {" {) m! R$ C
       
! e2 y6 U5 R* C5 v' t   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.: M7 H( r& P3 I- B8 d
   I can cook pizza., ~9 l9 ^( K5 B4 K$ f

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$ w: I! _, M6 [. H; \& |; m   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
6 }6 F  L! t2 K( q& @+ p   She can read Italian and Russian.! t, a# q8 |. n: C/ u( v6 Y

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; V( g% s: M2 ~: d" r% }   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.. ]+ Z* O# P; a; {0 w
   They can ride on the roller coaster.5 o' e* G+ l% p+ _, h1 |
& y* o+ A  L6 n* x- R; O
                                             
0 A" Y6 W( L( h1 NIn the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.7 y) p, b* B% n. O. h! n2 a8 y- I
                                             
& ~1 P' ^+ k% I. _; h+ Y" u   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main& `% e( y5 Y, X' o
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
) c" w9 f0 n3 e6 w/ h0 R, ~# Z                                              
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" |7 G3 K$ d, i, r3 U6 T  'We can't go' becomes - O3 k' S9 b1 e' K2 x
   We KAN' GO.  
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# ]; u# g9 |' a  Y' e& ]We can go to the movies.
5 l% ^" l. _8 H7 R' HWe can't go to the movies.. R7 h/ g( H, d6 D
9 I, \8 Y; B, z. f8 C$ r- T
       
2 D* L% Q, y  F  'Larry can't speak' becomes4 i2 y( {  b0 s4 `8 d
   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
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6 L% L% P+ @: v8 O$ `- k9 qLarry can speak French.
" Q( g6 A5 f% R7 |Larry can't speak French.6 m! F6 L: _3 A7 i' J. y0 r; S, @

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  'She can't do it' becomes2 p* l8 ^. [) W% e- J3 G
   She KAN' DO it    ) c) }0 U% ]1 ?) k' b. O, m! Q
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She can do it.2 f+ q9 g* B( N5 q5 }  B
She can't do it.
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  'Some people can't sing' becomes. e  r5 L( b, U1 l8 m( ^
   Some people KAN' SING& q' `1 A0 s4 ?& J2 c- p4 ^
Some people can sing.- f2 P! g) R7 H4 H1 E5 t
Some people can't sing.
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2 ~! _1 x/ v. Q* z- n6 A                                              
9 s& x/ p  K& L7 g; m' d; N. FIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
$ |- m: P- P+ g4 Q" r0 L, R                                              + X1 E. d  }6 r4 {, O
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
( M8 ?7 h: Z& M5 p& G& `( _9 y   Then the word is used in a sentence.
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        0 u+ l, j+ m8 [5 B
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)$ t4 a8 R" P3 R2 e& \3 n
   We can't attend the concert.3 v2 Z* P' u; h6 Y) H
        ( n6 G7 {4 M% H# F
   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)$ J* C2 d* g) @6 Z) k% h$ |
   Wally can't invite her to the party.6 g/ O6 P+ t' q! L  s$ ~
       
0 @+ {% c5 e- r; d' s   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)" N2 a- J( U! s
   He can't answer the question.. J' Q3 V' C% [

$ W' Y3 y6 F, o8 \        
6 r+ s: e1 Z9 d2 \" J   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )
" }, }. ]9 _# R% h' G   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
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( Q3 l& n8 A/ Y8 _  c6 [Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)
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     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound" y( @; Q# o  F9 V3 o1 f
     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
7 J+ \' ]; w4 l) q9 X; W& D                           ! N3 ^! f% ^3 z2 Z- o7 C0 U* y
       
2 F3 D8 p) ^6 H- A$ C0 P    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      # x. Q# b' Y8 M1 [8 m* y
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?
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   - |0 q& z1 U" X  q! |3 o8 Y

' c9 l- u8 v: e         7 N' }! w) H% g% v2 e# E9 k0 q" `
    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
# `; W: ^& e$ g0 R* g' ]    I couldn't do it because I was sick.9 S3 _8 w% T: x$ z1 J' S2 k( O9 Z
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- Y3 K7 t+ s$ `    'shouldn't' becomes should'n          8 j1 o, b" t0 l+ @! n$ ?
   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
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    'doesn't' becomes doesn'$ l% G+ h* ]8 W9 z8 u! }( \
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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