 鲜花( 1)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! $ j0 _ v7 P& V, d2 w |# I
' Q9 A6 C. [" A6 U+ d1 C$ T 一、厕所
" y- O( y: Q( g; u1 c# `! b" A 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
, s* n/ e) r& K# J! N0 `0 c+ y' L9 T, y, S- i, S) \: m
二、解小便
- i* R/ _& i1 V. l' K 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: [$ s7 e' u( c/ ?4 S- c
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
- D" q+ }9 ~ G/ r- K, c$ ?
, i7 t0 s+ x% Z' V( D, `. R 医生或许也会问: " J! p3 I1 i+ D/ {) n v3 c3 U
Do you have trouble urinating?
! s' b; g8 h( Q% |' O1 W4 c. F =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ! C" A; `- N! I) \
% l( I3 H k% O" Y
此外,还有其他的说法:
9 P4 B, K; F2 _& k to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: . @" Y% t5 T. x; p* w
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 7 |& }/ p$ |. v7 J' c l
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) e( q0 U* m6 ~* ~7 G
; V- X' U$ M7 a0 [% e
此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
; j% _" Q) H# z2 |! ?( V# S; H * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
# h0 f5 y. `$ F1 a, [- j 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
1 U" W/ T* f3 | u/ m
; X( D1 R1 p m' i * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
+ K$ w) i: S* p. ] q7 O K( C" { 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 & R6 v8 }2 q5 W; b" R$ c
" z5 O2 ^+ L/ A% Z: n) B1 U; |
* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ) `3 `) {2 O) e0 b7 y
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 - C, _8 r! B3 Y( g/ w
* V4 T+ w9 L7 Q9 u
不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 4 D% d$ O+ v0 k4 j% s
* The boy needs to pee. 2 ~+ c. p! t* c- d' ]
- B h! A0 _! l8 h
然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 7 Z; V' q# I# k! d4 g j4 a! d
* Do I need a urine test?
* I5 W" z7 \6 ?( }2 {5 I- w4 ?6 [! t3 O9 W$ @7 B; E( N1 A0 Y$ z
注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: # |- I" L t3 D& E1 j4 y9 s
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. , S$ i9 U( y/ k1 Q) _2 A8 C& [' W
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 8 h% T* G8 t0 z$ f& S9 B( b
' `, G, d2 V- ?3 x6 c* x' u) M 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
4 l% e; k$ {' o * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 5 ^( U" G& Q- ], s. z+ J0 J
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
u! o; J a! D6 k7 e * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
7 m0 [* f0 q: ~* d2 C) R * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) * h% Y8 W+ \) s6 h" Q* @. d J
# h! y: o G1 g: D: g; ] 三、解大便
0 I# ^2 M2 S7 r' [ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ' l) h; s' a9 b+ t
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
$ p9 n; v( H o =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
! G! W" Y9 S8 d$ u4 j * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 5 o( n# h0 ^! ^7 f) j4 P8 S/ Y
6 i, r: r+ e9 W& V# l' A 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 2 O. ~! ~! }! J6 _' \
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
& Z3 l, j& l0 Z; \1 A+ r% S, e8 C/ c G0 m
但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: + R- r( |# Q' j
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
8 V3 B" r0 V! w; c7 y3 l
9 V- s" L1 W4 G! D& E 四、放屁 * Z8 _* R% Q% y
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ) U+ k4 W4 \* y
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? - j; M! X9 P0 P4 a
你放屁的次数很多吗?
C) i/ N! q! C4 O( d& p( a2 R * Is the gas expelled by belching? ( m& i5 ^1 N* f q# x
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 5 |% n- y3 ]2 V8 e: }- g# o
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
7 `( q4 `, n- N5 ~" k6 d& P u 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 . L+ T' g4 M5 ]2 |; P# w
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ) X ^" U! j4 P' x% [$ T
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 7 I/ }3 u$ I5 u
* Be careful not to fart in the public. # }# R7 C2 L- ?6 ]
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ' i4 f$ U0 W+ {8 k
0 Q( E7 B: m) ?) D& M" }6 f' J 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
. [, Y( Q7 R: F8 U3 _/ Y2 m8 f * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
( X) f. o! v7 Q = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
[) x ^! h, i( W) Y+ A 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
! `9 h( H' E: z4 m' W, A' o$ a5 [2 n, \& f0 ^0 Z$ V( ^
* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. , |) o- }9 i0 c% i
胃不舒服有两星期了。) % w& n, m. S6 {
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 9 c. i3 d+ y' x: _
他经常便秘。) 或
8 F; D$ e ?0 g- O1 \ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
. M( q! `2 |, J * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ' A: s1 `, V/ p- `' Q( p7 e
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
M* z3 L6 h( J0 h0 m4 ^5 O: C7 Y8 D7 ]. o6 u( \# ?8 c
* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
& F( m9 \+ l e) \. W! G* ^ 他拉了一阵肚子。 ' K2 h! m, k/ J" s5 Z0 @
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ) P C5 l& M( I2 A0 e9 N2 l8 x* s
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
|