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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 1 b; i: Q8 g7 H; m, J
* T$ m: x! U; \. v! S 一、厕所 / g6 W2 n3 e; M! p& s9 C8 v& u& A
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 * t" K% j5 H! M+ n; ~$ z6 d
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: % m% ~+ g3 v% N
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: " v9 {% [2 g$ J! {
Do you have trouble urinating? + K1 o+ i) Q t h
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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* d% p% Z6 K; M 此外,还有其他的说法: + ~4 M' i2 M9 i7 I) e
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
9 ~7 Z+ N1 O2 X0 d6 F; ^ * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
) q3 g' Y' G' `5 e) J# k * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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* @" k8 n V8 F8 b4 T5 s- Z 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
5 q7 z ^ J: L& q; n * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 2 S& W4 R5 Z5 T. s5 q6 R W5 ?
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. , ]# c1 F) Y; {5 w% c3 q
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 6 W; _4 y1 N+ A: @% {3 \
& c# }+ Q- u$ s * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ) S: ]" F2 b, A" }2 ?1 s
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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X3 X& [2 c6 v' Q% H% H/ V 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
8 S; c4 a5 n7 E: I * The boy needs to pee. 5 R& R8 e. k8 O1 V& g, Z
' r, U9 ~6 ]# r8 k+ l. ] 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
8 r2 b2 F9 l; Z0 P" \ * Do I need a urine test? + s: m- N$ K% l4 Z7 L5 z" f$ X% j
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
3 |2 `8 e( _3 | * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 5 Q1 ]' z+ V9 q e. Q
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 9 j2 ]' S% @/ `: n
' P, \( g, P3 h2 y0 t4 {! z& C 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 7 Q: w1 a+ X. L. w# u
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
$ t, J9 o% o2 z8 z * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
0 _1 u) h) P- d4 k * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) ; n* N% J. d3 U8 l( k& i& a
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 2 s# t3 h6 b* r0 {) i
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三、解大便 3 H6 P, U0 u m0 ~$ Q
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 7 f( q! x$ n0 D) @. W* J3 _ D& J' ^
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) & `) J! t5 o9 Y4 C
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 1 d" I, o7 U: W: ^; N- l5 L' m
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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7 I/ y$ } `! D$ G6 o9 S 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: . k. \- N8 R1 _: c3 d7 {' w
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ; T( K5 C y& {! E1 {( q
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
+ A# R7 @+ |9 E' S0 {; p * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
6 c, e# u& i6 m- e 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
& i( T, _. K9 T How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 3 e/ x% z8 y- K6 [4 N/ p8 z
你放屁的次数很多吗? , v! ?1 r; J* }* n! m
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 6 W7 {/ K7 ^% }, m/ U9 _/ j# z3 n
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) M1 O3 O7 L$ I
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
, X# n5 h+ X1 k5 q 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 , f+ I$ u' |" W* c7 q% M
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. j' i5 m0 |! q, I' G
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
$ y1 [. O2 Z( k% f% E$ t * Be careful not to fart in the public.
. w5 Z( Z7 r% S: [$ u7 j 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 4 j+ c) M, ?4 S/ V$ Z$ Y) q$ L
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 4 a8 y h0 H4 \! S" r% c
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
& J$ u4 }/ i. B4 ^" q/ X = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
+ D7 z7 t5 x/ _ 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
' J5 b- e6 o; o2 a0 _" I 胃不舒服有两星期了。) ( D! {4 s. Y% p3 U! ?; a: A. ~
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
5 N7 X: P/ {9 l' G% [0 ]7 a2 } 他经常便秘。) 或
7 g) o, L9 H% g7 X. |9 F' @ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 , G% {3 e. r2 m- P8 C2 x' P
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
) K# i! \$ G8 l9 d( F% C * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 0 }/ W! e1 O/ h0 U
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. % @2 F. n# ~) |% c5 _
他拉了一阵肚子。
" k) y7 C% ?0 g1 N' B1 j+ ~ * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 2 n% y* V4 W8 c9 L# D5 Z
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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