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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ( q$ m" G/ @/ h1 y% T+ ^
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一、厕所 4 W' U: J8 ~# F, }# `) g
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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t8 v1 Z5 Q" s' _1 _8 |, ~ 二、解小便 . ~0 j9 \/ [: B4 l& l1 n+ O
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
9 w. u) ?7 }" } Will (could) you urinate in this cup? + n2 Y1 B5 Q: ~! D' d& X* V$ i& x
" \- k% h: b$ D9 t 医生或许也会问:
H5 B1 Z1 j/ e p Do you have trouble urinating? : m% v" S' R, R
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
5 a) j$ C, L. S, M5 Q, \* q to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
2 I6 I* A' s9 f: t; A1 Z * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
% _. ?- b' m- ?+ p3 L * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 0 F, ~, q+ q* @. ]
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
- E" E) F N% w * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. - o2 }2 r8 ^; U: k2 [( Q
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 7 Q! q5 {$ R# R) ^
$ s8 \& Y! D9 W5 H6 v * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ! N# c; i+ ?9 I- [* T
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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3 S) A- O3 } z9 W; T! x" g0 @ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
# ~" }" k( l3 f 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 # j8 W' P* z3 {
3 Z( A2 e6 N6 I5 i2 K 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ) L; U# W: }" n
* The boy needs to pee. 6 ^* ]2 Y4 V' A0 ~* l( F# w
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
/ E8 D1 a' }0 E7 t * Do I need a urine test? : n) j# b. r! h% ?
$ X* l/ |" t; X2 t6 o! W 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
" u4 \& q$ F1 }8 L* I$ d * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. - z5 D! Q) d0 E9 u( w
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
; k, \1 F i% y8 [4 s( m- i * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
4 M" i7 M' j9 {2 V9 d* [ * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
* O) }9 V: B; p: Z l * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
9 w0 Q& B- ~1 `5 L% Q: m( E * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) / d( {+ [, p. h; ?9 V- Q l9 I
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三、解大便
1 E; k( a' N. B) P8 E0 ^; M 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
1 H1 M, g$ e w2 i to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ; n$ D; @$ t. m/ b" `' i
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 2 F/ B# K7 ] Y5 w
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ( S& j9 T* v/ s, g
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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. t5 a4 b x7 M0 v6 i4 m 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 7 {' F( G: s: N* \4 N
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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9 K4 ~4 g+ `# Q$ p% H/ Z q 四、放屁 ; T; e+ c4 H0 v# @8 }
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
# E8 H: @6 U5 i7 {. f How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 8 @$ \, W0 ]+ `5 n8 t9 \% g, P' E
你放屁的次数很多吗?
6 ~/ C- j6 S: k' | * Is the gas expelled by belching?
5 `1 f2 ?6 i) t S r2 f) k- m' j5 { 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) w9 i0 N! \. z6 T( O
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. * \/ o0 b$ C) Z2 n3 J. t
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
2 s: ~, ^. i9 x3 s0 B) H+ p * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
8 {. ]* K4 v) I 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
: u! C2 G2 h0 Q6 @. t * Be careful not to fart in the public. 0 m4 }9 x) s$ j4 s+ ?
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 . s8 @5 Z* X9 V" P
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: - ~# [2 k% V5 [7 X2 B1 D3 H& X, ^7 ]
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) , r G& b, `5 _) C( n: n* h& S
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. ' g" `- m* u" D5 _
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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$ X& R, i6 I2 z( Z+ p4 i1 N) X) U * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 8 W( L) f1 \1 d/ v' S
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
- |4 J$ `! K/ C( q7 @/ ^3 m * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
' ?& X- r- p( J$ X2 _ 他经常便秘。) 或 d5 t: y" {1 K# d* f
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& t, G# ]6 C6 }4 V * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
" W+ v6 r, r$ ^& U; w * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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2 Q2 x; t B# M; K * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
; z1 L; _) h4 W n 他拉了一阵肚子。 $ {# w3 z9 H; M# W9 d2 M; R
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ! G D* K. \/ ?+ } `
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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