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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 % d) I. H) f" o' m9 K
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 4 p, A6 [: m: Z' n; F% C( [2 h- M( k
' I; F0 q2 c2 [ 二、解小便 , a5 L9 b8 R+ n( \: D- U
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
8 i4 H: W3 I. @( G/ M Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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# H: Q; a* J+ i& C$ \6 W% N 医生或许也会问: . \: V+ P! f9 D. v7 R5 v
Do you have trouble urinating?
4 g4 `1 K5 Y7 q8 F' P# D =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 6 e0 W7 ~) H# |3 n
! j1 Y* X) G( h# M' e6 p3 U 此外,还有其他的说法:
: j: S- ?# f( z$ \, U% W' s$ b9 b to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: , J, Z; X3 {. C6 E g
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. : ^5 m6 ` w: x
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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A7 {. l. J8 O- W: A8 h6 h9 m1 Q 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 1 H: b( ?$ ]. ~$ Y8 I: B
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
; p; \* V: L+ T6 O5 Z( @ 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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% `% g' p; ?% s+ M& l9 E * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
- w5 K, j( K$ o+ t4 E3 ~" d" W# b# \ 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 # @* C/ `9 B: s& N; R! B
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 8 p4 @ g# u/ q0 R& N: w0 M( z
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ' O* K! h5 |/ B* _
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: + K6 y- T- E4 n
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
+ f9 F& W1 [* ~+ f1 e * Do I need a urine test? 9 ]- ^+ O. g# L; G0 A
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
. x$ T) ~# T6 j- V' l& s: m# w( {5 D * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. " _3 K: y" M" r# `+ G/ c
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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U& I z) f7 i& D; ?) z2 X 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
9 x# t& k4 U9 f M * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) & k$ b& k; t; v: p5 P& a7 K3 a* _ [
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) - }' V3 D# I; {
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
8 ^5 [ \1 N3 Z' P& B# _ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) # J+ U' o d9 C, W! E3 z3 m9 n
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三、解大便
9 T( }' \" |# e3 J6 R* O. y 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
# D/ D/ q2 t) ~ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
+ L; _/ E0 w4 X =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 1 f0 f* K7 L$ G ]( s/ J
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) $ E) P1 g, O& C# M: `; Y
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
7 `3 g8 Q" O6 H * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ' S. H' l" A9 D6 P$ ^# B) w3 ?
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: & M4 k% x+ b! V5 \
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 3 L- G& s1 ^- O+ K" p
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四、放屁 4 b6 c r) |, A0 X3 B
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: . k( d1 w- J8 Z: p! i6 t
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? & r# E$ O' l# V+ u/ E9 V* C/ g9 V
你放屁的次数很多吗? 7 W0 K1 K; K3 c1 g
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
0 k& m9 e6 k5 K3 S) U$ f 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
/ u: g% I, F% R: C( g' ^4 c * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
5 C9 U. ?. C3 ?+ I0 {; @) L) q* H$ ^: M 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 " C: I. V/ W; T) c7 w9 d
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
$ L0 X, g* B+ w, | p) |9 @ 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 * ?8 N) n O$ q4 v, m8 Q# Q- V' P
* Be careful not to fart in the public. & |; c% i g4 v: K8 U
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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$ @2 Q& E4 y- N, x0 v; ] 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
' r+ ~- V3 y3 w * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
" Q; n4 }% y/ U = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 3 W/ k e+ i# N; V
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
e/ T+ }3 z j* @- I5 ^- h7 M 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
: |& ?9 p, |/ w( G7 L( [, I * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ; g7 c/ C' t+ z; v6 W
他经常便秘。) 或 & h M9 Y4 |& A [
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 / v8 L8 R2 l! F% Y7 a
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
1 H+ J3 T, [4 G9 w9 p * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 2 E4 T' ]0 W" X
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
; j5 i9 z6 {+ F9 w 他拉了一阵肚子。
2 E/ @7 p7 s, x, \4 f * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) + I- R" t# M7 H: _2 x
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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