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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
& `( A9 A( p4 T1 h( e' [5 M$ P 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 + ?4 Z' ~2 g2 N
' ^8 g1 W( [9 b: t1 W 二、解小便 # u) d1 a! X% X# d
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 8 T( ?7 ^" _5 d P% ~! L
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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4 [ ? q( {* ?3 Q0 h 医生或许也会问:
$ g% l2 e2 F- W$ U- L4 ^4 _ Do you have trouble urinating?
. n/ r- ]5 }( B+ k$ T =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 0 a9 S# j/ |, _0 J0 U
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此外,还有其他的说法:
" l# V& a' m: l( t& H3 b8 n# M# n4 m to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 2 V; [/ I! D( k! I0 N. Y
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. # Z5 i" p; X& Z' V% }9 B
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
/ u0 r# l6 E2 |+ E( Q' G * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
& s5 F# b* z+ F7 o7 _ 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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, r6 L; G3 H! @2 f * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ! t S$ v! z$ s
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 3 N% f% N2 u4 C6 u6 G! R
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ' _* @3 x; R4 _( ]; J7 G9 J
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
- E" |5 v1 h- o, O% j" n. N$ C4 |2 t * The boy needs to pee. 2 u9 l$ d; r6 i
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
' `2 W3 e& V: F$ M& R4 o7 s; L * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
$ i( W, |5 k, s9 b) i; p: y * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. # z# I% p; ~/ N, d: w- J. B0 Q
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 4 `. C, a ]3 r% Y3 h: v
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: + T, H/ B2 P: n0 P0 }# t
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 5 q7 [0 h; T4 h' V ]' K: U
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
4 t/ S1 S" ^ @% S; t6 P( n! m * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
p; i' y! p2 E! B& a0 f5 t * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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7 ?8 L" c0 m( f- @: }6 z 三、解大便
% w" S/ C+ y m. T+ }5 U) b 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ' ^% K! H4 \5 r* S
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
% s& c- M+ C( q a* ^ =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
1 p2 z2 d0 G; |! T N * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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* E# m( P: {' I) y" p7 V5 e* S 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 2 n: ^2 E- W6 j
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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2 v# ]8 V! D% e# w! u 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
! N* [4 @# D) y @& e * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 0 S6 l. B1 i1 B% m4 t
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四、放屁 `" C3 K' q F; `3 ^
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
$ K. D: O0 Z( _ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 9 B/ U# D$ k. |
你放屁的次数很多吗? 3 n" {# V! W# E9 \
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
$ Y0 v: q0 t. ^" w3 c# `) K 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
6 o* w' |- w/ s3 e7 e% x * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
9 Z4 Z4 t+ V3 f4 d& W4 Q 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 * ~% H' U0 c: {2 C" S. f' E
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
) F0 w- g. Q# q/ J6 I; x% j! T 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 " P$ g/ F8 K8 r
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 5 @. w" \; j9 M) Q% l
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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+ C5 W! S( R; X7 M8 _ 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
' Z/ t2 d% E7 ]9 q * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) - Q8 h7 O/ U* O) f x
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 6 l' W8 P, V- q) T+ H0 N
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ' I0 M0 f- q7 }
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ' s4 F2 f% S# s6 x7 `
胃不舒服有两星期了。) - t$ c& f+ P- Q# q# k' {& B
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) " c, R% R5 }. L# ^$ _
他经常便秘。) 或
$ M3 a0 L: z. L7 U * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 3 b0 x$ G- k( S* B2 W% _) |9 }& C
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 $ j0 |% Q" x; c5 e9 B$ q% U* p
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
9 s% g5 `! g6 U1 B x 他拉了一阵肚子。
0 Z$ h4 c4 C( }0 z; v * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
6 @1 s {1 V( F' h1 T, L 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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