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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! `' B4 ?8 {) a# L% e
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一、厕所 7 d( M8 u* M1 \# H+ O' d
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 # m! m F) i9 o0 s0 |8 N9 V
% S& s) w, i3 @ 二、解小便 n4 i0 ^0 \5 A9 G8 d0 _: T$ D7 {0 q
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
/ W8 h) M2 g M1 V+ k7 `3 O- r Will (could) you urinate in this cup? : B# o( m' |) k
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医生或许也会问:
7 H! S6 s. g; Z% {: ^8 b Do you have trouble urinating?
# s/ X: r' |# l% b% ]/ l. | =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) - {0 c" ^. f% e7 L
: D; b8 Z- s) d! ]. O 此外,还有其他的说法:
4 S1 L1 ?! x, m" g9 n to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
- l( l2 n0 p' {% c * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 0 U' ]! `+ R* m
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ) o7 x. `6 Z3 M! b
- @% P# x! P# ~' Z 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
) C: S+ H' @" R * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
+ }" [4 H7 j7 p( A 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ' ]9 r1 k; ~3 N) T/ w
- m/ P* k0 L. Y * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 4 _$ t7 n( }5 d' y2 b4 t9 Q
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ; ~5 ?8 D, G# F; P6 c6 Z
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
$ X5 y, H) i1 c& V; `5 q' e8 O6 h 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 3 I, `5 o6 l* o ~! Y
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ( u4 B; ^1 T$ w0 D- }( W# S/ v0 G
* The boy needs to pee.
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" J2 W b* {" s8 k! k- p# I 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
9 f# ~/ x+ u3 _7 @0 f% ] * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: & B6 E0 L( Q1 {$ ^
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ' c0 Z* L& ?) @
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 5 \5 P& V K5 l
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
' Y' W) \. H( n! s6 K2 z5 ?2 s * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
( r2 @+ [5 u1 i3 _* R * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
+ n0 ~- C" O( r: `" F * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
0 ^/ X9 l+ g! Q% z, l * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) $ K- {) o" t/ \5 J1 \' Q, E
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三、解大便 0 r+ P' W7 b. n& h( B, T6 W
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 0 U- A) W: \# t J7 x
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 5 ?4 [5 @! C! z& p- L8 \& J
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
4 C! e" O. |4 m * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) + Q+ \& s" N; N5 ?& c
7 v9 O. i' t+ C 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
. j$ i, t6 K% ?; v7 e/ W, F C * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 5 k, [8 H3 M! {2 q4 E! ?5 g h
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) . F' e6 E( K R- d
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四、放屁
+ a Q5 c4 ~0 o* Q3 M3 v1 Y 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: , k+ Z+ l8 K4 A$ ?$ ]% c" l! O
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 8 A3 }7 t+ ]8 O
你放屁的次数很多吗? $ E( H$ e0 z, [2 d7 X( f: A
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
3 m" W2 c/ c, i- L4 i/ R X- E 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
: f' L r: d3 i+ V2 r7 T0 [$ r * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
, M6 [8 V# y: }0 ~6 p 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 3 x2 j5 C: `! I, B
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. # s, N/ y ^2 Y
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
/ F) Q$ |+ X5 O, o * Be careful not to fart in the public.
; C' E3 P$ O# i7 \8 `' F* K2 o 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ( i: ]. v8 R, T) C
2 {5 A4 S5 I, b+ l e 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
* }8 ^- c3 ^9 o6 ^ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) + Y: F6 _! h6 H/ H, b$ m
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
/ E" } u" G: ` 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
" {$ _- ~2 O" Z, U+ x 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
$ N' D" Z" F) G+ W6 d3 X6 w * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
8 V) U+ f$ t, k7 @0 Y# L 他经常便秘。) 或
1 Q# ?4 D+ B, `. u4 k5 ^ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
5 n/ e B `8 u2 L' c * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 + b, n/ T5 d& E/ u, Q
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. # Z+ I/ H/ H/ p4 O6 U I" N
他拉了一阵肚子。 # M8 I8 {* p, h& x! e! O
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
) E6 I1 Q5 B8 r* Y" _% C/ d 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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