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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! # A1 L; d) W* Y: l% [/ e
6 z- s; a6 l/ _# T# Y 一、厕所
1 t$ T0 F: a1 `9 f" r. | 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 . k* E0 }% f& G8 p
: [- q8 k/ W: U0 _. ? 二、解小便 ) {( r( G. s; Z6 G" l
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
- Q4 a$ q8 _9 W# q. |9 L Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 0 y; u( @* v, o. N0 ^6 |2 b
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医生或许也会问:
8 R5 c; R- N- `7 r f* b' @3 f3 T Do you have trouble urinating? 8 ]6 _( D( S% ]) w& C5 i7 h
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ! b, a6 e; f: k0 J* B' N3 t
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此外,还有其他的说法: ' _# M# v; `( |* b) o
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
: D: k4 U" T# a b: Z. h * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 8 w+ j4 O' E: L5 x2 A
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 6 p5 r3 E1 m6 v" P, V! B& ?6 e
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
5 C; C4 F1 Y9 k, H& j * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. % g" {6 H1 g+ _/ A
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 $ F3 f1 o3 {/ X, I
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. ( L6 \2 H& [% @: g3 M
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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8 X7 R5 N! Y( S" U( B * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
: Q U) _7 x' o/ n& M3 {7 q6 X) } 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 5 A+ B2 \+ {# N. L+ _7 d6 V
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 2 N, C* L# w% U! m
* The boy needs to pee.
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) v. |+ a1 C w/ \/ k; j 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
. p+ `/ p* x5 d. S * Do I need a urine test?
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4 V4 C3 A' i5 s. A 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
( i% R" z: K+ O2 ? * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. , z; T% k4 i2 p' J
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ! t; Y/ Q- X7 S. H( g- G
! u+ [1 ~3 b) D a' Y9 A 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
% G! Z! a/ r) O* t1 `5 ] * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) . \+ U& @* @, g+ Q: {- v" u1 Z
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; L6 b3 k, B9 \5 m4 c
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) + f7 Z5 T R2 g: q
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 8 i% ?0 M% V8 ~9 s& c8 h6 x
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: , q* L7 i+ n) `$ q$ S8 r6 X
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 2 V# P* v W% I% {( e$ f; H
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: $ r. x* h4 D2 J0 R$ V6 f" M1 C
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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- X! q( D; S) K9 U* j& v6 K 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: , ?2 {+ U- a2 [
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 2 z* x6 ?; Q( `* n; I' y9 X
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 1 y& h5 A% [: U/ Y5 q; | m. N8 t
& w- g: y( \0 Z9 h- s( B 四、放屁 h$ H7 p7 c8 S H2 K
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 6 U+ D9 q' W4 G1 t
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ) J5 N% e3 D$ z* f2 ]
你放屁的次数很多吗?
9 Q8 h' N/ P! K * Is the gas expelled by belching?
# [5 D3 F) Q1 f! q1 n 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) " W0 A2 T( s5 M
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
# s4 x8 P+ f# R2 s: m 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
' {' E* ^8 n0 ? * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. . H- H- I& o# W" S
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 , [3 U& _( R9 x
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
/ ? `% l; v. @ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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' S% S9 U/ L7 J) d 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
& G3 F: U; [# |0 u2 z * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) # ]7 `0 K3 J& q! ^* q$ I/ U3 J7 q
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. $ G! ~" r0 y$ o3 H) A% b& W
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
& _! Y- }7 q, z' \ 胃不舒服有两星期了。) , X# T7 u% d$ C3 A+ w
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
h( z! s/ U4 i. `9 n 他经常便秘。) 或
: F m% V6 v2 J * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
, R3 d6 ]- t; g9 F& `0 ^ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
8 I* w( ~% B' f9 B+ M$ v * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. * f- _8 T R7 Y4 j/ W$ Z1 ]; x+ r
他拉了一阵肚子。 9 }1 y' F& s7 D7 x0 z9 a
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
1 s2 p9 Z, ^0 c$ }7 t 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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