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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 7 e, U% f2 |7 a
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一、厕所 ; h) e( j# _3 s, \3 t; D
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 + N/ h% r- j$ b0 b0 T4 i* g
4 d1 E8 x. m! E1 K4 `# V 二、解小便
$ d+ U/ I) ~& `* D% }9 Q } 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
/ E! l0 @# [. @- p/ w4 b Will (could) you urinate in this cup? / k. S1 o" c) D1 C, K" i7 u
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医生或许也会问:
6 ?8 Y, p$ w7 N2 G1 n( C Do you have trouble urinating?
! X" A1 l% W) ~+ g- h3 @0 Y( z* P, E =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 3 s0 U) E4 A* E7 |$ ~9 c, L4 t
: _8 p$ @* P Q* X 此外,还有其他的说法:
. Z* j5 P) [+ \! R to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: & e5 D3 u0 r$ |2 K
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. - R3 Q1 I; R+ r
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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0 O& {) @' l5 h/ q7 }& b 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
" R, g& [* d+ v% v( P' T * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 7 O; R$ O& i* |( H( M+ K
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ( \9 W9 |- |6 L8 A
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 5 `8 X. H6 `+ g. F( C1 o3 y& d
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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0 q1 {. X% d' L3 | * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. F( V: E4 u7 P$ T: Q- t# X( R4 I
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 7 `7 J. w/ h4 B Z
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 3 _9 R1 \5 a! b3 G6 e& {
* The boy needs to pee.
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, L D; |$ D4 Q1 L6 j. T5 D 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
$ Z/ M0 b' Q' \5 u: P * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: " U# \$ ]* f; p. h H
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ; {+ Q* E, m6 ?3 _7 g5 \/ E5 T# A
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 4 J- ]6 h$ N8 C( F+ z
& u0 X& ]2 v9 k4 o {7 j 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 3 } H/ Y) ]* p5 \. ^. {
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) $ \- a" W- u S, c) v2 P
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) * s0 B2 O% y7 Q% Y% }1 ?
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 8 Y9 o; G& W- ^
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 0 t2 A! X4 K1 K3 I! X2 v
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: $ S5 q2 |2 C# O$ h
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
7 A* Y6 c+ M9 h6 R f =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
0 c) Q$ a" z+ I# Q8 P * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) + k- |, z/ y& Q& T7 J2 G
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ' ?2 H+ e) ~" f
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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. k8 H- c+ R/ r- q2 }6 d- i2 \ 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
5 _+ }' T0 u- Z2 J: B3 F- m7 l * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) a' a, K& R# t) c% A
3 j, M8 R* H* ] 四、放屁 ' Z- }+ O2 C4 i0 F& W
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
+ J& P/ c8 @; W7 f7 _ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
' e: {" U7 V) Q. n( X% x" P 你放屁的次数很多吗?
9 E' [ X7 z& r7 i+ Y * Is the gas expelled by belching? # z( L. M# m+ H* _4 X W: o. S
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
6 `% v; }: w( c9 b/ [' l * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
2 S# S* M1 K [" f' s: h 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
6 O" |1 D6 |% K6 [, @1 r * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ( g7 U7 p. B& o7 o& ?) C/ X
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
% D/ H1 ~& Q) Q+ I4 T; ? * Be careful not to fart in the public. ( _ h$ @: H8 \/ f6 Z( f* [, R
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
7 J- P7 }+ {# c0 H7 K e * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 8 Z d6 b" L i( d
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
( c! E* d2 G% e+ j 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. * K' a( C9 i' H! i1 [- o
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 5 C* r, F/ p1 @ P( ]. I: p
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 5 _: e- M/ O) i0 O/ e
他经常便秘。) 或 % ]" R$ J( ], p+ b! J% E+ Y
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 - N/ W1 H, W* u) K# u
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
& C) T0 T- f( k+ X! w7 s * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. $ v* G" Q/ v) k8 x7 H
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
* {; y2 k9 T, O* v 他拉了一阵肚子。 ; t2 ~, b; b. _- v
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) " v5 W% T( E, u4 N
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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