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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士
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: B0 m0 i6 C: n9 khttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-128111977 Q/ }) K. K( h
$ r7 x# M. `' H22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
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Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas' p0 C) b( F7 B" m6 H1 p
9 r, m' o& V* lA study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.' p3 |3 q# H* p9 l
' Z5 j3 E7 |) \9 FThe study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.: h8 j4 z* S% |* }) s( Q
' `5 ?9 ]+ B% EThe result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.; j1 n+ M6 N: A5 W p5 H% _! L
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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$ e( E+ b/ I4 o8 z( KTheir means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part./ S' y ]) ^* E6 u% K8 o! e4 i$ N" ]
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One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.' x: ]: w( d' f" l" U2 q
5 Z9 \* _; o4 ?) f+ d4 cAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.% g) C$ e& i1 l) `
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\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.
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5 ?5 h# z# E1 L$ O( G3 I; f\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
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5 A& S& S7 ]1 \8 k2 ] q\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"
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$ \# j. f# i+ P; c2 K" g/ H+ k8 aDr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
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8 o+ q: ^) W/ ^% f' S( MThe team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category." i0 R& A. S3 _1 l& B8 R U
8 G" Z; k$ N+ F/ D* UThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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( X0 V# Q6 N* Z. W8 jAnd in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction., h: Q, G/ d6 F# S. b4 W+ `1 w
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However, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world." L5 t. `1 _7 t! r/ r
- W) @8 O R: O8 f. D: v# I. ^\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.% C% u/ t# V/ N
1 q' r: F/ A' K) s; {9 y/ WHowever, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
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\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.
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\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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