鲜花( 0) 鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
6 Q4 E2 Q5 F. G' O, zInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the! q F5 }8 V0 G: b
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,# d$ b! {; R, x$ k
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial0 s. Y: S+ @$ [3 c+ ~' M/ y
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of2 E6 l" _! n7 z5 @: T/ \) C& N
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’). v, L" G x) {. m8 j+ I3 A
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
8 U) {$ }$ |& D8 i" k0 o- R2 C- C[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 E- X5 R% B5 E% X5 ~0 q1 ~0 w(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
9 A: L! l$ \$ ?$ G6 U' Eretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on' ^" t6 u) M% e( z1 k# R
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset9 @3 t! \2 F. a: \3 x
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
: a% ~1 @7 h# {9 w4 X. \segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
' ?2 o0 E5 g+ A* Y/ F! psemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
, w/ G( l4 q8 v6 z5 gend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( F8 J6 W7 k/ g+ K. P o+ U7 ~
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,5 y/ N$ {) C' ^9 S5 A# @' @# D
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..9 ` _* C! n. @- @4 q. q
2 Q% C- g/ ~* P% W(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
6 L t( u3 ~, t8 ` A) y$ Y! Gand American speakers of English, |
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