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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The* M2 I% q7 o' q& _6 a" t, c1 m/ U% a
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, G; i3 g6 P: ]+ [; dsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
# V4 I) k$ ^$ Cand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial `# b: f3 r* [1 Q8 @
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
& D' D7 b& O) ?retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).9 H) ^. t9 u; o9 {+ G _ d, G3 H
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
" u( y/ q5 V, v# ^) D[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]& B; U4 v; U b
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
' J& c' D$ g3 j( u! Cretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
, }. m0 @1 ]2 R/ Z3 \possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset4 G% S; i* v Y3 v0 @3 _
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 T# L6 l. N& z6 c3 K' bsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a; A0 b$ C% J( [; Z* j- T
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 I/ F D- ^6 o) g) l6 f
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In' O8 |3 u7 C" C$ _
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
?' j5 O9 {0 f `- ?! l$ ?the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
6 q: \1 K$ ^* h2 _* c9 H; ^) A9 ~- |
+ H' x0 H* Z0 ?+ J% F' I(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
% I7 f5 d( P( M: }# yand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
