 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
* N3 ^% X' ?: c; `0 Q& wInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the* B* N: M2 c$ ]8 Q" i$ ?2 q+ P
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
$ R& g+ Q, T( G9 a Dand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. d0 v- I. i( X" n+ p3 v8 x' ? J) I(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of4 C3 }" h0 K* | y: W0 P3 `
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).; O. z/ ~% \. m& C+ o. q
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=1 B9 Q2 Y7 f; h" ]0 L
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]: v% t: w4 ~! ~* b
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving+ t" d: m" f5 v! M3 ~/ Y3 V; @! p) J' B4 Y
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on2 L# F9 D5 _" j- C& u: v
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset* ?# L& k* f9 L6 S! t+ @/ E
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 z, m: @5 R5 S/ w# a8 S, Usegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
/ [" ?- M& F4 @0 _semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; a; B4 y: W3 y s, D! Y, M. k* o s
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In. C) K4 @5 |: Z2 A
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
+ Z! T7 V J1 y2 |. x2 h+ J! ?: ythe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
0 P& n( [# ~9 y2 h! m8 b- u/ n; F3 @& @
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch). q: ?8 `2 i- v7 f3 C6 R
and American speakers of English, |
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