 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The8 u- I' h- a! f1 }( ~3 g+ M
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 _9 j9 c& i$ W/ F" r
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
- O. P9 \6 W. G0 z* R* n/ K& pand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
x8 _, V. B: k(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) h+ B" z( E% |8 U. `- [
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)., U' n$ w" d7 R9 {5 C
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
, x# U- g' A, \4 q[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]$ I9 l# @( K% L; }
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
O5 X: L ]2 f' k; |3 Y) cretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
6 ~5 y5 D8 b5 r2 e$ ~' g" i$ wpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset; `2 l% X+ m1 a! p
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
/ h. s& W c/ d' X, jsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ {, |. Z4 W5 r, X' `
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 k, S6 P/ `' ?! @end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 j" I; _! {, {; p, S
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& H: L7 v! L" V3 X: v" P# h
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
) R! @$ {/ u# f# z1 P& ~) u$ U9 _7 M; G& f/ K* ^/ y S# j
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
3 K x! O( c: n% i# B- e# c7 m/ Qand American speakers of English, |
|