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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:$ L% e, v) L5 |# o& X$ v" `
7 J7 q) c% x( [8 O. K6 V1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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: m, {" u6 g) PWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) " q, j3 N' d5 k2 ]' F- i
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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# V! [$ g$ y4 I$ L# U# z/ t3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)/ S( V- u/ Q7 Y) h& U5 q. }8 E: K
. c6 ?. v; t2 \$ w! } G: ?Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译); m \! U5 I% G8 @
: N# P5 h5 `8 Z8 A. \4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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4 [- {) ~( j6 x5 [! _6 LShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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8 i$ Y3 ^- w0 \+ h5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)( Z4 K% X* S o7 [; d
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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4 L8 m0 I7 a; \: i1 x- l7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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( O& U6 u9 N2 \You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me9 x2 A5 }# K, ]) ~( B9 \
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such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)1 Q+ ?6 j9 s/ X
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)* i! Z: [( c& a5 P4 `' T/ W/ t
/ u b3 ^# R; P8 @+ Q) w! MMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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/ L, K% Q* ^8 M; o0 z# Swith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)1 n. _6 ^' G1 _" G0 H% {& B
/ S8 e$ \& c# j' v0 W2 _1 Y可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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0 n, Z: b9 H8 j9 C c" f然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:! P, O+ c0 c8 G# {. S
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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& X& K+ y/ U% `This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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3 o6 x$ f5 F. `( ithat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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