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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:5 N, T1 G& h. F/ U& f! m
, C# e# F6 M& b/ C: w. l3 g1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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O3 u1 S, E: }Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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' f l0 E" w3 O7 a% e. s2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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/ [* ~% E2 m: T; e0 tIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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' d2 \9 o! D& s7 ^0 D% A3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)% o# E. {1 J/ `
9 Y: d/ A0 d6 R+ }. m) NWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)0 w, q; K z/ y4 l4 u
8 G* e# X: C( @; q X( D4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) 6 B& p0 Q% r% t7 i7 K6 r9 d9 T& L
/ t" O6 u8 g3 j1 @) }6 GShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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& q2 a% W/ y! n5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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3 o% V1 y( b) [% j, ^' ^1 |5 C6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)4 O, z+ Q7 x Y" p
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)2 i- B5 k, I, q" C" p4 p
; u. Q$ y* y1 ?" K, A/ b% oYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me3 L! p; v0 ?+ A: ?& `( n' s1 h; e
% u5 P3 o2 i# n" K8 C" jsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)2 x+ i- g' ^" N% R; }* |; l) }
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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; J. F- L3 E1 b* u+ z- [" T9 g8 jMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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4 V& c, B6 B: M) u2 twith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译). ^% I" ~/ b% Q [
8 ]/ ~: S7 e7 D) V可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:7 \/ K4 m: z7 P7 O" S
$ s F& b5 ^) r! L; h; D0 E9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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k. z8 R: p0 _9 W+ S# l: {$ X( x1 |Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.$ `3 f }2 I% ]
/ W5 R( k5 G2 D不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:# |6 t* X9 f4 v( b% H
5 ?5 o+ t! p& a% @11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?6 {! m& p/ m& W; L0 n1 h5 s, y
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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