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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)! k: o0 B( O+ X' z5 {8 E- U
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Proof: + m4 ^ Z, ~7 S: a; r9 k3 ~4 F/ \
Let n >1 be an integer
* @# g0 C4 Z& ?, }: I- ?3 t6 \Basis: (n=2)+ H# |2 n9 B% S' C; z( G
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
+ F N, I& F2 ?* ?9 Q( M& j1 c' g4 p- R
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that* S/ n2 Q4 \* h1 W- }
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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2 }& X& R/ y& t6 \/ hNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
+ C/ U& B: G W$ u& i! K1 C7 usince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
N9 K# Q5 y; s, k$ p; u yThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
& ~+ x. P E( R6 P = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K, r ]$ Z4 N9 c% H3 |
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
: p% \9 u& @, d" E = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)6 A% \. R, T1 [: Z
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
4 Y: J: g' n- z- z" [; ?3 vSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
: {1 X" c- @5 f) e- H9 o = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
) q3 W) c- E) U$ t X8 p3 @& Q = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
6 K! _/ B! c; B! u+ s! g9 m w |
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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