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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)& |$ h: W' }% ]7 r5 o, m' V' s
6 R7 P% P$ h; G9 T |; FProof:
# P2 D5 e. O- Z6 |% F2 ELet n >1 be an integer 4 Z; [/ p s5 i, t0 g) R$ G
Basis: (n=2)
" \& ]5 h% j+ y& z 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
2 Z+ m* Q7 _* f4 W" o3 n4 {* d3 ^& Q% q' p6 X. Q+ L
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that/ B/ `4 c ~3 [4 d: p
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.- E9 U: Z( Z' u" Z+ v: A
6 Y! M0 W. b. A1 L- CNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
6 q3 z, J: d5 } n) k3 ^/ x* Wsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
, i9 n/ t ^( k& H* [. _Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)* H, }6 `; {! S1 E# k: E
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K3 M2 @$ {) O3 ~
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
. I, V' h: @& O3 s+ c i2 Z = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)9 L( q' ^% U0 b% f i' P
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>07 B. z% \7 J, R' b* m
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
# T q) L: S6 j1 T1 y = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)* _, L; r/ V' m; c8 C( E
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3. V e5 R0 I( a9 V/ ^9 A
2 S1 g8 a3 b% N0 \/ ]$ @9 s+ B
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.; H. ^% a1 @! W$ y
# w+ e+ b! n7 D( t[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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