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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
9 {+ O1 u' X, ~6 cLet n >1 be an integer 4 h' I0 h* ] \4 \! n4 {+ G! Y
Basis: (n=2)
+ }+ ]8 A+ I" F 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
1 [' `* J2 N5 a: e. M* Z0 o7 c* y; Z& W" J5 G# f
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
& k) \& E' \# g O& O K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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0 z- d6 K- K# M$ T* X# nNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 33 b0 W3 A5 t1 u; }1 J* L/ I9 C( P
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
7 `: o* _! J2 p2 M+ X3 P" rThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
" m8 x3 G, D- N' [; A0 d = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K- t' P% l7 o8 U D( j2 I
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
4 @' k9 m- e) o7 V = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K): z7 D1 ^) f" e) k; S
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
7 q4 Q4 \+ p' d) }So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)' u* D8 O5 t* B& [' H- @9 s
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)2 y2 y; L* b) r" ~; u' Z, [* {9 `
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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' G) j3 E+ q9 S3 }) a# zConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.. u8 a8 h/ N @3 o% i
8 O/ e' C6 E3 h[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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