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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: 6 X( ~" [ `" L- B3 x) g* f+ s. i
Let n >1 be an integer # V& A0 p; ]) [
Basis: (n=2)
1 n9 D" [) B# S+ y1 n1 Y, c' a 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3# ^: V$ A% y$ Q* }" f
; K" ]6 K8 i. {Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that3 l% Y& D: y6 u( d2 H1 l
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
1 A" c' G' q7 F! ?& ^since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem. {8 y$ u; N) J& Z0 i
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)% [; H" t3 s3 O/ k% c& @+ s
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K, m# X/ P7 W" Q/ g3 A) Y
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
- p) ?0 E1 m- @3 Q = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 B: |( x: @% U! V6 Y9 Kby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
. |9 ~4 k: r) v3 i/ J5 m5 {/ I& d. aSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)6 W8 u( d( t2 ^1 I% S4 I* B
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)% U% t+ l+ n" K
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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0 i: y( N5 }! }4 A; _9 X! \/ EConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.' R6 }, q* U& x" ^- Z: R+ }
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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