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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)0 A9 c7 P. m% z+ k
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Proof: ) _+ O# p$ @ B0 @
Let n >1 be an integer , w5 L- n/ Q9 p0 T# _1 Z
Basis: (n=2)
. n+ g8 U6 u8 K/ d4 r4 U 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
6 [7 M2 {2 i/ `+ x$ n- g2 r* k6 }) O" W! e+ M1 x
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
B2 P2 o& c; C1 R% w$ X c G9 R" q K^3 – K can by divided by 3.) M3 l- D; Y! a9 u: {, x& M. {' {4 U+ a
3 q( y- L: P( nNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3% L. r8 ^$ y/ u* E8 d( X
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
+ C% n& x& R. i+ t* f( ]0 FThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)/ P1 F2 Q# d2 Y& }
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K( W, u$ D4 L9 E# e" `3 \2 E- k
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)1 S8 l* o. Q0 D3 r) }( z
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
% J5 T$ {" Y* F- p2 u! Dby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
' K, _! s3 F& k2 T. uSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
2 H' |& u, k# ~* z7 | = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)3 u& x E2 N# N5 l2 f9 U |5 n
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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7 m% W. \( f( f3 j9 u: @7 iConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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