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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: ; E6 z- K; U- A, h7 U$ o0 v9 }
Let n >1 be an integer 2 N8 U3 l) y+ u! K. F
Basis: (n=2), j+ ]$ w/ {# V* Z- S
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
2 A* R/ Y$ s7 ^" u- @8 E# E* U* k, s
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that" k+ r( C( a, T' a0 _
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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' n( h- ]- E- H! V* bNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
# H) H5 X. c0 Q2 Z2 X+ asince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
' G) i: l, i/ [9 T1 nThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)0 {- t5 O- f: T* K) Z( }
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
: o8 G3 h- n$ J! _ = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
$ F" r, w/ @+ q = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
& K/ p/ c( F& f' M4 ^+ n! Z/ Wby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0$ x' G, p. B5 X
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
- U2 s! j9 V O! f = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
8 a4 n3 ]/ W7 U = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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+ a. o b- N: nConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.3 V# U+ L y+ ^# T4 W$ H7 x* T N
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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