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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
5 J2 a: Z8 y" H( h0 uLet n >1 be an integer
* A! ]% I3 ~6 U6 H4 b/ D) lBasis: (n=2)
2 V+ C6 O2 h+ G7 G% g- U5 r 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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) c5 r' l5 y, J( ?Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that6 H2 E6 T; E, p* `: }% X
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.5 S$ g, _4 u5 ~+ p
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3: B2 G* e& R" n# B
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
, a# M; ]& t; g) a2 xThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)1 Y2 _4 J) M j) X
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
9 L$ E8 a/ D' p/ Y4 ?" Q6 j = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
1 O# k/ U5 k( S+ s2 k = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
% D g: C$ Z' f# oby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>01 J! \' X2 Z' W0 s/ {5 C$ r
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
& F& K5 r* f+ u4 k3 \ = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)/ i0 O. v+ U0 S' @8 d3 \6 L
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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3 L5 Z. E& Z3 Y; R+ c. pConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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/ n$ p2 M+ L3 p; ]9 W; l[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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