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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: # T/ g8 l. ]7 @& v4 l4 }, y' P
Let n >1 be an integer - Y0 `" p% m' I" A/ D
Basis: (n=2)9 ~ B. Z; h$ h( _1 f
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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% q: Q7 ^3 b, vInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
- i5 ]) K1 {0 s2 V. R K^3 – K can by divided by 3.& w9 N; U3 N6 K' _$ `6 E8 W6 P
! J6 Z/ K0 r- v4 y6 S7 ZNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3& E9 n3 t- M9 D* ^
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem# _2 |8 B0 v6 L; c% U
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)) j% D, _9 z! W; V' D
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K7 f( l+ k c; t' S+ E4 V$ W; b6 J
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)& m$ p& @7 n$ x2 U) N3 M8 Z U! Y
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
" M r- n6 Q$ D" F/ S& y/ @! w/ @by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0& C3 M, b" k# I; L6 B' ?2 x
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 ?. D0 Q( T2 B( f = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
6 `9 S, g" X5 s1 [+ A; ? = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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: b; C; ^* C# fConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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l4 e( s5 p& i" W: |[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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