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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)2 O2 ]8 P. i; j7 |6 U Z' e8 v
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Proof: 4 W0 T/ A' `3 B3 N$ y
Let n >1 be an integer
9 M5 `3 j( J- V$ i+ e! dBasis: (n=2)
6 z) t- g ^* t. w" W* n5 G$ H2 K 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 38 ^% d) t/ A' d* q) V% ~9 n
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
& N; M: _0 m7 r K^3 – K can by divided by 3.* v* u1 {. G" H
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
! P" y# R0 J$ D! c& l# gsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
p4 } Z) Y: ?9 Y0 p" V. EThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
6 g, l9 J5 K M, H6 E = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
C p+ {6 O9 n; B = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)* P! k( t# c( ] w
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
) r* H, M B) }5 g9 qby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0, O+ u+ B& L5 V0 {
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
, b2 `" n0 o' ]* h; c; N" \9 U% G/ ?% { = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)& i' ^8 a" y: |8 e% A% W* @& C
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3- b! H; @3 {6 a6 W" l
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.* j% ?! h/ p+ A2 i0 z$ w
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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