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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n), W5 ~# N$ K) U, w. Q. C
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Proof: " E. \* K) r% f5 x9 l
Let n >1 be an integer
& Y: V6 m0 M, @- Z9 }Basis: (n=2)
# d9 J' f% \0 ~. D* x4 W 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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! Y( }1 u2 g/ G0 x0 O2 EInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that s" k) f) H4 m
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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A0 E3 d% l8 K8 G- VNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3- g9 m8 d- k- n6 O. q) a
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem9 b; V- ?+ A1 R4 Q$ G/ C
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)0 j6 c; c: F, u
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K3 l+ v" l1 a* Q1 B$ ^
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K); ?$ f! A9 G+ i, q8 @6 L% y* b: n5 t
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)( O. O2 i& U( X# G- K3 |- Q
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
0 V5 i( C- [% C4 D; i* e+ ?So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K). M; r1 W- g1 `9 E& s4 a1 k/ Q
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)) S. D) g( _* ]" L
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.4 A6 P5 L: [- ~6 x7 F
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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