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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)1 a4 p( p1 q3 a
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Proof:
* e; V3 e7 J7 b) TLet n >1 be an integer
3 @2 x/ P" x a, oBasis: (n=2)
1 Z M9 [3 L5 o1 ? R 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
2 T M6 w: v- y4 w; g) Q
1 `: Y+ p. B& Q( ^0 aInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that- u* r' V+ D) Z' }5 c9 o7 o
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3. Y6 O& a0 _' f( h
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
+ l- j; R4 q5 y* g/ H8 NThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
+ T# R2 B# _' }3 [% P6 t = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K8 i, G' h9 w$ T/ Z/ Q4 u8 Q
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)- s4 J/ C/ B' B+ ^+ W C
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
# H7 w) y) J8 S( f! r6 Pby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
$ j/ N" p3 z0 h V% L* i0 f0 o! WSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)' k$ l3 }+ z6 V/ y9 G; d3 P3 `: ~
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)# S6 J9 s; e% j! {' F
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.6 L5 T y6 [) u
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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