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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)2 i, j' L& D) N: ~
- Z3 N4 |; m, o+ RProof: & C; p# k2 e# w1 f" d
Let n >1 be an integer ! H8 v# o2 E& y) a6 A
Basis: (n=2)4 _5 C" Y# |/ J* ?
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that3 }' A9 l8 k+ G" s
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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- k$ s4 |+ c8 |6 ]0 @; }; ~Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
- J; K" L! Z/ A Rsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
& x- V# b# N0 G3 z& ~/ nThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
" `! `, L" Q" q! _- f0 a = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K/ n! [: R" w5 K; A2 B# i
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K). x1 ^4 v0 j* O2 C9 v! c: b0 }
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
2 N+ r) c( X# D. ~2 B3 \& }by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
, Z8 \: }2 O+ b* [* ^8 uSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K). {, r. B3 m7 N- ?# P4 V
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)% [: h3 D1 h$ o: t. d* {8 l
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3% N# R4 K+ v5 {
- r: e1 [# d# e- V2 ]Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.9 v& l! t+ w0 ^- J; i
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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