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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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* M, Q- ~: `! S* `0 |Proof:
# m1 `, `) R1 N+ @) W8 U/ E# PLet n >1 be an integer
! Q/ l$ L0 ]1 e. IBasis: (n=2)- i( W, L/ x9 b5 c1 K1 K' m
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3' m/ c: \6 c+ m& t
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that( T# |) f, l# x5 J7 _) E1 b
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
- ^# @) ]& s+ A% F( \5 Ysince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
. w0 Z2 C8 |% e) o. I) W5 n0 HThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
$ K& O# V, n5 o* \. W = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
/ T' A0 K! }: C5 E: K = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
% r$ k' `! h- V7 v: S& l = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
+ d5 V: T9 T: b2 k4 a5 o9 O2 Uby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>03 W5 a$ f& `) X7 _8 ~5 z
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)4 {1 n* {3 W$ A( h& ~
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)8 E- \: t" {: I5 z$ _
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3" [- f/ V$ N3 L( S
i! n; C& A$ X* M/ i
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.: U$ m$ P2 X6 E: Q* j
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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