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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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% I3 b, i5 U5 T' \Proof: * G9 m9 O: u+ ~4 f8 t
Let n >1 be an integer ' U t, [8 V( n! K% l
Basis: (n=2)( t$ q# D9 C* K5 V2 y! L
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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% M2 s! v5 U1 Q# [' k8 D3 UInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
9 J4 a# H- f0 s0 b i K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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( @: \" {; n3 q& A3 p; Y8 JNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
9 C) j( M( u: y6 ~4 K2 o7 osince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem3 Y) x/ |% ?, J5 x
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
4 K4 Y) J, H* s' u, F; U = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K& T: u8 n! |6 K* f' w
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
. D8 D. C" d! f0 ~8 f; }* \8 T+ G = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
?% s7 H1 G4 W9 H0 kby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
% ?+ k8 k( b5 z8 v; ?& ^2 B0 \) ^So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)$ Z8 k" q/ W+ S; D/ S) d
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
& e* { a( R* b& c+ o = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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+ H) ?3 ]8 }7 [; c9 ?( ], q i9 m+ _6 cConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.6 f; Z+ n6 @" m6 z1 ^% W* L
/ E1 a8 f* F7 K3 j( p[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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