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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n); U2 @5 g, w6 n; F% i5 ~- ]- b' g+ s% V: V
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Proof:
: N7 ^; w- a$ ^+ D- ALet n >1 be an integer
8 Y; S$ X. a: h/ X3 i) a( tBasis: (n=2)
( [6 [6 w+ E* C' J6 [, h7 x 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3& s/ c$ k8 K* J$ u' V
2 ^$ Q+ t( L, R) H- P5 v- E) mInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that# I% w% N6 c# L3 B
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.9 E% m! M7 A+ J9 d
0 H0 z3 M1 H6 sNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3$ N1 Y) |7 \6 g `# h/ j) W
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
3 e( c0 { J# P- ^6 |6 kThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
7 T8 J2 t6 _/ a4 W% U = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
! l- S9 q( r- ?3 _5 t$ B = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)& R6 y: ?* U) w5 m" [8 t( S
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)2 ]1 H2 l- U- d5 W4 l# L% V. I
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
+ x/ @% ]' c, MSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
6 y& \; E% G. T& g2 q3 X = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)3 n; a/ [ v% G i" f; B: ~$ i' u8 o
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.- }. i, ~5 ~" x+ ~; R' @& N
7 y3 O& V; v! s3 }! P7 f[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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