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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n) V$ d* h9 R$ f4 C: N
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Proof:
) j2 Y( i5 g0 S% i' |Let n >1 be an integer $ r3 J. s, L5 K$ N; u0 g
Basis: (n=2)3 s0 d1 r2 E1 H5 z; }; j
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3" V/ J$ H- u# a; V8 O
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
( `3 n' [2 z( x K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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) i( b6 I& Z/ [Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
, ~; a3 n- u& s& _ \, e) Rsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
- V, X- F6 o# T9 r) A" SThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)6 q' Y Y* g# t# }
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K, [8 O+ k) A* G5 R* L( P
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)+ D+ H5 P/ ~+ y( u
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)) d3 Q* `" e) ^: A0 A" |5 L
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>07 W) E1 L4 h0 c
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 W5 V2 b; o7 [) J = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)# n$ Q& Y/ o6 M) c4 x( W- t) E) D
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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( }9 q3 b a( o! |6 uConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.* q" ~; @' B! F; I0 v, B
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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