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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n); x' S+ k9 T, W4 W S6 a
1 |: \5 K2 j* R# c/ {! wProof:
4 o* Z; a, ^) w: w7 s( e \3 X! TLet n >1 be an integer & P) ~6 G @, I( b3 M
Basis: (n=2)/ ~' D# L `) q
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 32 u, W+ a0 Z' f3 w1 w1 n. i
% {/ D* S0 _& F; D9 cInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
( k8 G0 p2 K8 n4 r K^3 – K can by divided by 3.1 E5 z; g) I M# E
. w. b! u3 \& L6 g7 n/ V5 }- C
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
: D- J+ @, |* E$ i; A2 Z: {since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
2 [# [6 q/ a% M: F1 `Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)% m7 A+ D0 D: Z2 y: _
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
: J+ T! Z6 U/ F- g( J8 I; d& H, J = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)' `! f: P( i8 ~
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
3 n; [! a7 i' K; t" Eby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
/ x# I5 k# e }; S0 [So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)8 ~( J5 k, u: \, Y2 z6 _
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)' G9 c g$ F* w/ t7 E, b
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
: L% D; E) m+ B; j; K! U. |, {1 B! S+ g. r( {
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.# b) Z# g" I; \6 V# E
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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