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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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# v) [ L% _2 D, O$ B) K. vProof:
& x5 O g5 F# ^' ]* z% J tLet n >1 be an integer
6 T6 }+ ^: a8 A3 WBasis: (n=2): y( Q4 u/ T* r
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3: h, N9 B$ r: t+ u! a- N' J
, j% D- P% ]7 HInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
6 r3 |3 v: e% T. M0 j8 p+ p K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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# w: v0 R1 }- `Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
P6 J; B0 k8 z2 Msince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem) U0 d6 P7 v: a. L; `+ o
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)7 Y+ T: }; @% C, W4 m9 f1 D2 B* D
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K3 Z" ^) ` W. |1 M# y* A/ `
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
3 G4 l9 j5 _+ C& s = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K); u3 i7 X1 D9 {* F- e5 u+ _4 {' E, z
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0" ?3 Q" S& L% Z# l
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
, z9 \1 \9 s$ V7 ^; Q = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
: Y! R: T5 D; F7 H% E = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.) e9 q1 I( R, o" i
3 d$ J$ f2 K6 V( U$ t# S[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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