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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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- s% r+ O0 \) i+ x0 TProof:
1 ]) x# a2 d% K% \ cLet n >1 be an integer
c! }- ~/ i8 R, a" vBasis: (n=2)
; |5 `5 w4 J" {; [" I5 z2 y 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
4 s" G# |& s( f$ p0 x$ j+ R; {' M7 X
' f4 w) ~1 O; xInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
* ~. ^0 {. b6 X4 Q, Y K^3 – K can by divided by 3.. J2 ]9 n% V0 \( P/ H& }
( m9 o+ ^+ u/ Z ~% ENow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 30 _; |2 {( f* ?6 `- l+ @, C, {
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
- v- `6 G0 m) i3 xThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
8 t* z& C/ j" w4 H- c3 r7 t = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K a) {$ @1 K9 R
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
& `% T4 V/ U* V. _* r0 F = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
) [: d0 O% P% ^: L' Hby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0 H* h9 f; ?! Z" ^3 J1 R
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)* c6 r# f& L9 g0 G. p* `! f
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)+ {. @" y9 i' O9 S" ]' r6 |0 e" c% W
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3: C, V$ B' [7 w" B' q! f$ D
1 r& h8 {- B u. H/ Y3 `
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.3 n0 M; D) o$ e @2 a! \0 n
1 H3 y7 t. j, f8 T[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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