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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
) h1 v3 m9 G" r) PLet n >1 be an integer
0 B+ N- Q! } pBasis: (n=2)0 p1 U3 n9 G; z; y6 [+ M
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
6 ^; d1 l5 M5 _- l4 v5 R3 l4 p: ?% C7 Z) N6 M5 X+ i8 e
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that0 m1 R! N5 D7 k1 Z: t9 W4 F
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.6 Y6 j! V2 q" Z0 |
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3% _& K6 b1 x6 J" v# ?) R
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem+ ~1 m& t, {, w" a
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
* n4 |5 w+ |: E) c! D = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
1 z# m$ J2 i1 C) p4 W8 r. Z7 ]. K = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
! _5 V7 d; ?8 T% L = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
% [& A c S" ~3 o* u% [3 ] yby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>01 g7 v& K% @7 @4 u4 ?# N: V
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
" Z' l3 H u9 _" h = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)" \7 A7 h7 ?7 _ d
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1. k6 ?+ o2 I u9 j& `$ o- P
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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