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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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, h! b2 m; X3 j0 _Proof:
& @. U- f+ a+ y6 S0 V0 A5 DLet n >1 be an integer 4 O5 j* \3 R) n7 @
Basis: (n=2)5 \$ S) i) Z0 w. F
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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" g2 T' [; z' c+ BInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that8 B9 Q3 Y- i& M8 d
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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5 o) y3 S4 V* G7 UNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3' L$ @0 w# W- L- D0 \
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
# Y( q5 D. q z; C2 w7 G( c+ ?5 `4 Q0 jThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)) }9 J3 R9 L) |/ }
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
% ^3 K" |; G4 n5 Q( J1 E = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)& M) M" K) V' p
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
8 X) ?; [6 }( ~$ i. pby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
/ j8 s$ q. [( b$ sSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K) z: Y" u' j; S- N
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K). o1 a1 Z$ Y2 t- H% i; k0 h: I5 R/ D3 ^
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.+ ^. T1 z/ H9 G4 u7 Q
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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