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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)# E' B7 @3 f; w' G7 N% B% y( A6 U) }
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Proof:
! N7 V3 m1 V0 ]$ M0 T VLet n >1 be an integer / ~. d0 R( U- L
Basis: (n=2)1 ^* u, w/ d" l! i
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 38 h4 r% b, L' b! P. l; M4 B( @
$ f; t7 p' v; uInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
6 X+ N4 Q& F G" v K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
- ~! y! {, k$ K, \5 i% b3 H6 I- @3 k4 R% B) l
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3% I" j& D! y5 B1 L7 ~
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
. y* u$ v) I2 y' {Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
8 P3 x5 l3 M. Z2 x& ] = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
- x, |' R+ d0 |4 O r = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
$ c4 y$ x, ]$ L2 d7 M7 @ = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
* g- }$ P) ~; i4 Vby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0/ Y( ~0 C5 U; O( z* r, f
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
4 B; I( A3 c" K( q7 T = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
( ~7 F& K y1 P8 J5 J' }5 s/ @9 R = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 37 {- M& L _3 K; m6 f! F
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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" J/ i) i' u8 \- H[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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