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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)) ]( Y& }- M6 H" z A
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Proof:
1 l0 y7 K- K2 B9 a8 y8 O, ]5 JLet n >1 be an integer , A S2 W5 B: g& h8 V5 \1 S
Basis: (n=2)
}; F# a3 n' _! ?0 p 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3( Y* {' ^' `8 l% V; [
& B! y S+ s6 E% `- }& {% }Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
* f2 t2 }2 K; ^. |4 ?% ^ K^3 – K can by divided by 3.; j+ [4 K' T( u8 x) s
9 m& U- v+ w [+ u, j- k# c
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3: M) n+ a) j3 \$ m3 m
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
- s+ }/ b9 V* F0 ~1 _' _5 VThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
9 |! D- F; K& [) ~ = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K4 l3 [; [0 y+ f) Z5 h4 C
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)$ ~# _4 `5 |" G, ^9 f
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
2 n; ~) R9 t0 R( G3 R- l4 D; V& V; Pby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
! m9 E8 N* H6 N/ X+ c5 p( P4 u. YSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)* Z8 _4 z; [# @" G$ }
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)5 C" P" f7 P8 r
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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