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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)0 A l$ O7 r4 v0 ]3 S) x
9 O" ^' s( F, c; o2 IProof: 0 l s1 c$ q1 J, O; m
Let n >1 be an integer 5 e( d' E& Z0 e {4 h5 I
Basis: (n=2)
0 N0 \+ j0 k S* R; ` 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
" N" I- p4 E+ T/ u
" x* @, C: @; w& I& YInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that6 W! r. h9 S/ e+ G) k5 d. Y! m
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
9 \+ n2 P+ h5 C
9 J& \* B) N! Q9 l7 hNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3% N( I( m) {$ u, U
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
* n) C5 `1 U8 `. a4 j- I6 XThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
) @/ R0 p" T8 n" J6 z3 ^0 Y9 ` = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K9 }! o, q1 ^* n" c. e! r
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K); Y" u$ k* K6 [$ D; Z+ b
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)5 ]9 F4 W5 _. p* G/ o
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
) w. G n( v% C; g& V" w3 DSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 {3 q2 i1 e( y, Y, r) t = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)+ [3 `! ?& J2 a- \8 q4 R
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3# l. f" |! J% k! c
9 U& y! H; B6 E
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.8 J/ E4 c9 W! m" s" B3 c- R, l( |0 U
# R4 I3 N0 t- h- D2 r2 x[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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