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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)/ }" @" p" h( |' Y5 k9 R
6 K/ d" O' Q! \5 D0 W: _
Proof: 6 p9 Q% e4 l; Q, f* v _
Let n >1 be an integer ( d1 T- p! t( f
Basis: (n=2)
$ V: E; x* Y7 f9 } 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3* Y; e# @5 ~9 b# C0 J5 y! `
4 B- W( K, F" X" s7 d; IInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that) ?7 {; | s0 [$ W1 n9 g. I7 m; E! W
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.8 l6 ]- t6 t1 r* J. O' o
5 J) R+ w# i) h# b, A# V7 N* W; INow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3 |0 g5 V5 H [5 S$ I$ C: c
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem8 k6 F9 e: a. n6 m9 x
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
; M% v5 J7 }; n) Q2 L! s# j = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
% _; c$ K P. _* L = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
# F$ ^6 n# ^. U = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K). f' }/ k2 k* L y
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0' o5 E. C) f# f3 d$ w1 o' p
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)* H" Z. { W0 [
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)/ o+ p' s& b/ H& u. P4 H) f
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3( v* O6 H/ x. V
% E7 T. j" m, P6 e N1 ^* |+ W1 m
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1., T; q ?& N- ^
7 L4 `" f2 d0 U[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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