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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)( ^+ u s9 u! P Q% B# I
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Proof: 2 D; n3 x! W9 C0 @9 N- z% d+ K6 x
Let n >1 be an integer 2 n2 _+ \) E7 C3 P- Q1 I
Basis: (n=2)5 Z( M! R3 E5 B( {5 [) |
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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" q7 q2 v2 t3 i5 W* L/ W% t8 g+ ^3 |5 mInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that' B" K. l/ A Q. i3 i5 y, {
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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; `6 d3 C) d* r: O/ ~7 LNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3- M& V$ i4 a1 q8 l4 j8 P
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem# }( a: \: E3 F E+ o4 e
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1), [$ ^) b1 v E0 Z& t7 V+ D
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
4 D8 [0 q* ^, Z% f' S! w" W( O) t = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)/ S6 H. H1 U4 u9 ~) U9 O
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)( U4 ]: R7 j5 `
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>07 W; `! {8 w1 l$ s+ f1 `
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
/ z8 M7 R4 G5 x5 q = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 t3 h X0 m9 M9 d, O& s6 G3 c = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3( M2 a# C& N6 q, s# y
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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