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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
! `- u2 A) n; D/ t( w yLet n >1 be an integer / [0 q$ n7 b% J
Basis: (n=2)
( N& L% O& M4 n; R1 c* h 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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4 Q5 x0 N' y% p8 \& V" d9 l8 `Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
6 b: g) G0 G# |( [ K^3 – K can by divided by 3.6 k8 N6 K3 o& ?6 ^* R5 u9 Q0 H
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
/ G6 u7 K/ }( v* C2 q' l$ jsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
6 f+ N; O8 q: H- X. w& SThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)! o4 d5 J! t5 O( T7 c0 Z- `
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K5 w5 Y' I& n0 F W4 V2 a) w
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K); l$ ~& C; Z6 \4 D
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K). P5 F* }8 l6 D- q( k
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>04 o: h# b8 j( H- ]
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)) e( v+ `. p/ w a( B( m0 B' o
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K); `" b4 c1 f5 }; W6 | Z
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 38 d+ z* b1 O7 m6 N+ a0 I
2 `) r/ ^, s. l# Y, kConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.2 D, t2 x: ?" Q E" r7 B
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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