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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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4 |9 g9 x: Z3 N5 X8 oProof: # E3 V2 x# \1 ^, T
Let n >1 be an integer
$ Y" P3 w) b8 Q" L7 s- JBasis: (n=2)4 F( t/ L ?. o
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 34 D! d; U( W6 {
6 K2 J H0 `7 ?# y! s& i" N; oInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
* P/ V1 g! B* o. i2 C: u5 E K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 37 [0 N7 g) G* c* c/ |7 D
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
" h1 H9 E" g: z5 R MThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
9 F. K' \1 g2 M! v; f" O+ l = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K' F- ?3 w8 l. V2 b( d
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K) O0 j" ]4 B1 l+ t& \! w
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)' B. g+ R3 v: ?2 i1 X/ ^7 a1 ]+ B/ V
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
! l. J" l) D2 M- r: U5 t: ^% TSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)7 U2 h% E0 d& r
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 w' ^# ^! \2 E# P) }6 m1 S = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1./ I4 n' p: T+ C# t( L6 M; l4 |
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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