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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: ) [; P: w5 j9 Q/ |/ W2 R
Let n >1 be an integer
0 M+ N5 G1 l, |. `4 D+ M* FBasis: (n=2)
5 ^5 n6 V7 W3 n4 B/ e' n 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that' O/ J1 W6 d9 W6 M
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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# F" W* @2 U8 W5 P3 W% ~Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 36 Z! ?# G% f* Q- {1 A1 U
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
2 m {; W: u3 a- M+ Z9 M+ @! yThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1) ?' y6 @. g) }9 g& @! z3 E
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K2 w' K( B" w8 }
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
" H8 D& o8 B+ ^0 r% y = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
6 Z* _, k$ z, |; Xby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0! K0 a6 Q a# x% Q( d7 F* I7 V3 Z
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 F# C! O0 p( U% v) |+ t, I3 O3 D! I = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K); o) {1 l# d/ V% Y3 C/ w7 [
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
; [$ g: h% I' ?8 D/ ]3 S/ ]) y9 X+ S( H6 ]3 g
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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2 ~4 U" D2 y; w8 U[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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