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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)* P( v; W) {" h: q+ j# s- |8 T
, f }2 V4 [( n T1 yProof: . t' @6 n( }- l8 x! F
Let n >1 be an integer : Z2 s: h ^: y+ ?: x" Q: T
Basis: (n=2)
8 \6 E) \% n; d 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 30 k+ O* d% e$ h$ J: w
( V& W, V y- @Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
3 ?' H7 P- X) Y7 H K^3 – K can by divided by 3.# R1 d- H, K, f
7 W1 j: t2 _( j* p1 q$ ^
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
A! l' g; \: ^4 L* b% h' `since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem; r2 m" a, [6 D2 s2 ?3 s% H5 q! A
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)6 C x' H: v% X+ l( l6 r- y; _& v
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
* f5 {3 v- l8 s+ x. [& f9 m8 p = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)4 M7 F& V6 M* W7 ^
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)2 U( ?$ L4 X. {, N! Q& v- X
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
2 n* F+ r% i6 w' ySo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)5 X+ S+ ~1 z7 ]$ Z" K" |2 M
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 d/ e! j4 l5 Y/ q* Q, } = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
4 M( S$ X6 E% |; V- k3 @/ Q3 o5 a
" V& Y. v$ T. q, sConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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. P7 R4 x# r& h6 E0 N[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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