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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: % G3 Y/ B/ y9 l1 T9 R" p
Let n >1 be an integer
& b% W2 O H x7 W5 Z; {( K+ \Basis: (n=2); v3 `9 |1 V+ {% B6 z
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3$ O' e- o7 k4 U
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
6 h3 J8 Z3 Y2 P6 Q$ Q! k K^3 – K can by divided by 3.& M" J. z r: `5 W3 D9 g6 w
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
( L( G3 ]5 P" {- G( D9 J( jsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem# G3 L& a; V; [; G7 z6 l, k- o
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)6 ?% L N' R, j' Q' O( X6 c
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
' _% j) Y7 Y: k- a6 P4 u9 ^ = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)% B: k4 }! p _. m. b
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
l& p( D7 l# x% H, m' w [$ `2 Dby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
; y% W, E" B( u4 f# }So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
* O7 q7 |! N' u S- K( K( x, [ = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)3 c4 `$ ~( X: h3 S( Y& [
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3- s! T9 Z! l3 }/ P, Y2 `
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1. h" x5 C$ c/ h
2 A9 L) S( P! B' ~8 F9 f6 o[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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