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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)% S2 h$ @" S+ u- _5 T* e+ G
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Proof:
9 @+ c6 R; D1 d [. f0 vLet n >1 be an integer % b- V: B' t; e# X
Basis: (n=2)
# g0 A5 P) e$ I7 l 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
! x% {3 t) j6 k# Q0 c5 g K^3 – K can by divided by 3.1 p; l9 t0 }6 C, k6 k6 H
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
5 X! o" M# W# r. Q( zsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem3 p) H7 l6 d1 K6 Q7 ?0 t6 V
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
+ S& a, @6 l6 M4 p8 I = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K; u* O- [( e& U- f
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)9 D* C+ F3 l& E" L T2 {/ z# n
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
$ W$ L5 o/ K3 j9 D% h, Bby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>02 q+ Y7 z( O% d& ?# L
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)( `2 B7 v9 e- c' [4 a0 A
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
& f5 q6 A- H' C1 W- D! B# f5 m = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
& h% `% u9 V$ l- s* T6 n# V
& `) S: H) l' y9 U# m0 ]: ]Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.4 U2 { t- F+ v# r' Z& s y8 O
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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