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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)9 h( n, P" M7 f/ z$ e" U
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Proof:
0 O" Y/ U* y6 ^Let n >1 be an integer 6 B0 }. s9 ~+ y2 |; x! q
Basis: (n=2)
1 r [% q, m# R" X5 R7 N5 r 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
: R* ^% t8 |* ]* q! j+ p/ r1 D9 U# r( m1 w, A* r8 n
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that# F6 ?) l7 T8 F3 t3 M
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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4 Y" W M/ B* D" J4 n4 gNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
7 O# ~. L4 [ M7 j% dsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem2 w2 O$ I5 r2 X: R+ b4 y- H
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
v! l, d, j) Q5 Y9 m# k& Q = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K' K( G4 D/ v6 V& l: P) e
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
0 |9 B* e+ i% O) u4 G/ t% _+ ? = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
e; |% q9 t7 a) m" B. p1 N3 jby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>07 o6 K* G5 d6 H" N! V) n; ^3 M5 V
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
q+ {$ u& a( P2 {$ G/ E! V3 t+ z = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)* {2 U+ ^5 ]8 J1 I0 N% I7 H, m
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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4 Y( Z* N2 b6 r0 \: K* wConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.$ r& B: \( ?: T3 ^6 \+ m% ?
" q; q* i/ U: M ]9 f) b[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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