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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
H' b1 f4 Z ~: c2 ?8 U/ K: }* g1 c; V+ z
Proof:
* `5 U [. h _! m; R; Y2 d+ ULet n >1 be an integer 8 W" ]7 t9 h7 u% a* {
Basis: (n=2)
2 e. H% _6 I3 a0 i, \ 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3* y0 C n7 [) t! c3 |" h4 c
7 h( n5 e: K; J0 i' C
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that' {9 C8 c/ R& p8 G. w( V
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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0 |( l4 ~9 e# ^Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3 |1 X2 x" O* Q9 Q2 d. Z
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
: R) H( `1 B5 m+ l9 G$ LThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
; j% Q7 s: k6 C- W. G: \ = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
4 Z* C4 j8 [0 _/ ^2 ]: p = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K): {! h$ k4 v% C. U& w
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)/ j0 I! D( h- X3 l, C0 O# L0 w& s
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0# x" F! W1 d1 c* u
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K). d% X e; P) n H! U4 q$ J
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)4 y" v' W; K6 y+ u/ Q* l
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.9 K) w: Q( k! P; r
* N4 b. r: T& Y; i; }7 W[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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