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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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2 L R! G& Y5 Q7 T8 s" VProof:
; i' X& M2 C; E! w8 p7 }Let n >1 be an integer # H; r+ {& Q5 _( }# J
Basis: (n=2)
! p* E, c! o/ O* I 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3* m0 p2 ?! m5 \+ Z: ~7 P' n
2 l2 [; s6 {6 v4 P) RInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
0 R) V1 M6 g; l: X K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3% t( n- I' M' g( \
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem8 z: {, N. {7 B7 ?, U2 i# A4 U, [
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
. M! K, e% m5 R; ?0 n = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
# f9 _0 u( j3 B% r$ M9 E5 D# B = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
. R" s' x/ p3 v* Q3 n$ K = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
# {$ c0 V- J8 n8 K6 m- n# p7 kby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
7 x) u* q y2 f* s& ?' YSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K); f/ f) T' \; \
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)( ]2 |# |3 H, T
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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: {" D% W: [7 @7 z5 pConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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