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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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u/ @/ }% a% W9 @- s+ k0 h8 _Proof:
. C2 |/ i, q" s" a- OLet n >1 be an integer ; P+ ~) r g2 E( ?& |
Basis: (n=2)
! G( t# Z" Q# ] Q1 U* b- R* e 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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: [2 `! H: ?7 t) T& SInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that, d& {, w, S6 o) P
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.% J# h) |8 E% g
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3/ ?, I- C% o G1 ?% h& [
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem" K1 w+ j# B" [3 U/ ]
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)8 [5 S$ l. |' n' p: [" d
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K& A5 E7 B* W* |: \' J
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
- S5 g: D. A8 \/ B3 o* A! B# K$ \6 y = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)1 u6 B# Q8 A/ U. a( `
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
0 T. J0 c7 H- ~' o- F7 t6 sSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
+ q9 u) `1 n$ P. |. ^1 N! Q = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
0 H! q+ B5 [" F# ? Z% G = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3, y8 B$ @/ M$ \
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.' S/ j- m$ H) W$ W$ ]; [' S% v
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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