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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)4 }# s% h; G0 j/ H0 Z$ O0 E# H
. L* x8 Q0 d f7 I' iProof:
' e7 ~+ O" s$ y4 JLet n >1 be an integer 1 F9 `3 \) ]/ h
Basis: (n=2)' y: L' A# r6 C; F! ~
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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; Q. Y* n! C5 V9 c9 L" q' `3 A) ^Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
2 q9 h2 I9 N& A0 c5 x7 d) h K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
5 k' b+ Y6 `- k1 ^. G6 {( g: |+ D( a# J* R
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
. Y, j/ X9 z8 E+ j% @since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
) j8 ~/ |6 C- X4 _3 a' iThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)- C6 @4 W1 |: {& K o
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K! M: k. _3 H+ n9 f- W% p: u6 A
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)* @& D+ z1 \, n" V
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 \/ x6 J- ^ ^/ m3 y' x m% |' ~/ ?by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>01 l- s% @! k& X4 P, i8 P; g% r
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)! b0 y* r2 D8 S2 ?- j2 ^
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
0 N* n ~' K/ S& n: H" V0 p = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
% [1 X9 N/ U0 o9 H! j( Q; V b6 h
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.0 `+ t8 \* u: b" h' [
+ t4 p# k% @. P. A2 a8 V
[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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