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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
$ A& y- X+ M( X: k* `Let n >1 be an integer
9 |0 r) s& F6 oBasis: (n=2): K/ f) N3 V: {" @$ ~( x/ F0 U& m
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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, K6 y3 i" j( q8 p/ [+ Q; pInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
. r" ~# A) d1 F% P- J5 q4 l K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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$ I: i* t+ j6 r2 b, H: pNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3 V; y" k% w1 R+ H. |' N' w/ K
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem- J6 [) h& r, y0 `, C5 y- [
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)# n* S. s6 f4 F' a
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K' m% ~" R c6 ]) g- v7 t3 `
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
& t( r, Z, [2 \) j& t = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)* f# y# ]* Z7 [6 t& k& S! ]4 h
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
1 @! ~, C# B" T) T& uSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)5 z+ t3 U/ B) w/ ^# i+ Z1 s
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)5 l; c' Y8 k5 e+ s- ?% y7 X
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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G% p! t3 b H; c# U3 G; h. CConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.3 p/ t( p: x n @! S; B
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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