 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' |6 R# Z% r( D3 d SFormal Statements
( R" X& Z" o L 1. Public Speeches
% \- d5 @% q/ o5 h8 w1 `6 \ 2. Letters of opposition or support2 O( n- |6 o) l L' A2 n: m/ o+ a
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 ^7 A5 E% [. }9 x. A1 w) w 4. Signed public statements
D9 K0 j4 F; A; N 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: C3 G5 u# K4 i9 N# n 6. Group or mass petitions2 b) E W* t1 o! }7 p0 u% P' Q
2 h8 R/ Q' n- X. G+ d
Communications with a Wider Audience
' T; ~& k' a7 m: Q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ k) U6 \, |6 a" R
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 H* ]9 d& M/ i- H: E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 o# E% T& Q3 U, q4 _0 q
10. Newspapers and journals5 ]0 l0 p/ H+ P, g
11. Records, radio, and television4 [! e, Y4 t! |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting* u. N' g0 d' I
6 f/ T$ z# U+ m% {* G3 g3 u# p, R( K( H
Group Representations
' y7 h/ Z( x+ |3 k 13. Deputations
* k `2 [. w" R1 t, f 14. Mock awards
( Y9 v! t8 p( z' x! W. v& x3 h4 ^ 15. Group lobbying
( k+ b7 p& N$ _4 |/ J+ T0 J 16. Picketing
3 V% t* V. P$ \% c9 H$ ]7 ] 17. Mock elections
5 k: o, x: Q% n6 {
0 o8 a6 L; M6 \, P0 dSymbolic Public Acts, z- I; j9 [+ J
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 j# ]( N1 U$ H ~% N" S
19. Wearing of symbols
% a, F& }8 D7 L) Y- Q/ M2 e 20. Prayer and worship' O1 F- h6 ^5 n" G7 y, M
21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 `- U' y4 Q' I& C 22. Protest disrobings
. Z& O' X1 i; B6 F 23. Destruction of own property2 K y M* t, r0 f1 Q
24. Symbolic lights& d0 m/ g2 ~# X. f& a) l
25. Displays of portraits; u. {* L# t/ c( k
26. Paint as protest3 Y5 j( Q! W' s, G% C4 V3 ^6 N/ w
27. New signs and names) Y t3 {+ n1 A# q% d% h O
28. Symbolic sounds
# Z6 G0 S' \. }5 A9 L% }& ` 29. Symbolic reclamations( {% O1 R i0 L
30. Rude gestures
# b) G, J1 d7 j5 u0 u0 `6 f& b4 A7 u: J: e5 T4 ?. _) C
Pressures on Individuals$ k, M A) j: f8 ?
31. “Haunting” officials
6 V4 S' d* m3 W# r$ m 32. Taunting officials# u! Q, V7 Z K
33. Fraternization
0 h+ k: f1 l, j* _: l' i2 l 34. Vigils
: n& S6 S8 _3 l5 q5 r
: s4 M4 C# ^: xDrama and Music
. t7 v7 J* ], J8 J, y1 u& ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 r: K& g9 g4 S0 a2 k, A3 i0 f; G 36. Performances of plays and music
" w9 H( M8 T$ T* ?3 f/ ? 37. Singing
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2 C( h4 U9 S8 y9 O- cProcessions- _. B1 P6 V- J6 s
38. Marches8 }# j' n- ?% N8 S5 }4 L4 Z
39. Parades
* ]/ M' S8 g& P4 z1 \6 @ 40. Religious processions
6 J- S2 F* p! }7 W$ } 41. Pilgrimages7 ?" L& O/ r# j9 d. [% `1 w
42. Motorcades) i8 Q% q* {: \4 j
Y, O- G8 O# y# ?; w( Z' \Honoring the Dead4 c4 H( N! f8 F( ?7 K) j- S6 ]; `
43. Political mourning2 r( V, _+ u2 P* ?. i
44. Mock funerals
' z. T# `( Z- I5 Q A* Q# P$ v 45. Demonstrative funerals4 D2 \; G* v3 s" _8 b* ~
46. Homage at burial places
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1 ^+ @/ X/ c6 j: n7 K, p1 G- qPublic Assemblies
, S- D2 B1 R# {5 ^/ o O 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ D0 Z+ W8 N2 s" L- R
48. Protest meetings
, g9 v8 W. J0 G3 N3 Z. i, y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 E- y `) b/ ?( T, y K 50. Teach-ins3 D m* D# a5 _- Z0 S
& F- L3 X% E$ N7 d5 q0 j% r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
8 a. X" }- i0 X/ v w( S* Z, @ 51. Walk-outs
4 P$ d: t/ b2 V' z' V9 E- d 52. Silence
! X; c* W% U9 k1 `- j% `$ O 53. Renouncing honors$ {' }0 r% [2 F. K* l3 K' g) W) q
54. Turning one’s back( ~+ J3 S- P$ C- h' W' D! v5 S: V' x
6 t- B; E# ^/ [( E$ c/ a2 P * }3 E$ ?/ X; | f& _
0 p0 d) f) d$ w6 A5 J" j0 } CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( S# U+ _) Q+ n( D9 s& Q
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1 s; l6 Z9 S, b/ k6 m# g" _+ b! v6 d; b( r5 I+ R. Z
Ostracism of Persons
) Z# h4 ~* K: j1 L9 v- [: U7 ~( Q7 e& ? 55. Social boycott1 {( Q1 E) {8 q! _0 ]4 M
56. Selective social boycott
+ v$ [* i! O$ k" ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 \4 i. `/ i$ ?6 G" g# x& _ 58. Excommunication
' P, n5 J& w9 P* n/ i t/ [ 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, B {2 n5 F9 B* N, d9 ? j) x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
v6 O/ L; E1 G8 c4 N! z 61. Boycott of social affairs- Y1 i. e! N- h3 ]
62. Student strike# _2 D# q( U" Z4 M( i
63. Social disobedience
V: S% l2 n% n6 x. d* U$ w/ A3 j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 A0 P5 J' n/ L& h. J
" V, ]. L- |9 w/ bWithdrawal from the Social System
; d* C9 _2 m) N5 c% y- f1 U 65. Stay-at-home8 T' y; f; \9 @& U( n8 G, W: ~2 i
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 N/ J1 C( `8 d" ?' y4 r4 ~9 i, { 67. “Flight” of workers
3 _) M3 f- v2 [- H# c. E 68. Sanctuary
* C5 K4 q! i/ q" Q5 {2 l 69. Collective disappearance
9 z4 J4 F+ F' `0 Y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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6 B2 E% X- L3 O0 D4 v: d6 }8 aActions by Consumers
# a/ U/ u6 I5 X! v, F+ `. Y; t8 p 71. Consumers’ boycott
! q9 x, _' j; h+ }- l 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( _+ C. |8 ]4 b6 q0 X$ k& }9 \2 b" l3 P 73. Policy of austerity+ j( Q4 Q1 Y: W2 @
74. Rent withholding
9 Q6 m' T; U$ X" b5 U3 c& O1 u 75. Refusal to rent' Y4 Y: b( K% ]7 w9 k6 [
76. National consumers’ boycott" R3 w! Q" b7 z9 A; `
77. International consumers’ boycott1 j" }/ v2 h: a+ g
% k$ B, Q2 N1 h4 A! x9 G6 ?4 B# w
Action by Workers and Producers
. |8 ]* p! }" _7 x 78. Workmen’s boycott9 {, E) u, i& H( R/ j0 ~5 C8 n: L4 }$ M
79. Producers’ boycott/ Y! x) j+ a9 W1 A! c4 o
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Action by Middlemen
7 y' H$ f1 X T; d* M$ _3 c( E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 i" C2 j3 c& z. U7 f% I
7 r7 p/ l1 A+ t6 n# g& O7 X# {7 g
Action by Owners and Management
- n; ]' `4 S. ~ g6 O: D8 } 81. Traders’ boycott; X2 ^: g5 U3 r" ^7 p
82. Refusal to let or sell property
S# }) W* n9 p- `6 l9 m 83. Lockout4 s1 ]0 I. D5 w2 [ H6 }
84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 A+ a8 P* o! I ~
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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# n! u, _4 W3 f" r. @ S6 A- aAction by Holders of Financial Resources: q! c! I! u# W! J- p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits c% {. q* j8 L, d% @. p
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% s8 |/ j9 T5 n3 x) g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& e% p6 t& g, x
89. Severance of funds and credit2 s, ` y# x8 Y" o
90. Revenue refusal- v# _. X. H1 ?( ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 V) ^# _* W5 P2 x
3 ? }9 g3 X0 a/ TAction by Governments
0 L4 X2 F; u" D, T1 k% p 92. Domestic embargo
: a+ N0 N" f, e6 |, ?1 n8 H5 h 93. Blacklisting of traders/ L+ v- Z, R* ?2 y3 A' F. k/ i# O
94. International sellers’ embargo
, L4 `1 [' ~3 Z. p( I9 \ 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ w2 M2 [ ]5 d7 ~1 L 96. International trade embargo4 p) [' Q6 h) E- ?8 q5 W
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, U, z4 ?+ U* m( {) O
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9 M2 N& s2 V' }# Y# E3 H' [: \Symbolic Strikes
; E% x8 ^- u- B* v6 _1 G 97. Protest strike) D% C' d. r& T) |$ C) z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); t; x4 H0 g8 {- ^, M- _1 z
8 B7 Z5 o, w, O$ U" f; ^
Agricultural Strikes& L W8 y2 E/ H# Z+ X
99. Peasant strike
* C! _7 Z8 B; j9 u* D 100. Farm Workers’ strike F9 e! E8 `3 I/ G
5 i" j: W5 T( t7 z0 g8 y% H% [: ~3 _Strikes by Special Groups! X7 T2 A; |- H7 Q% x3 M
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 b* ^7 R' t9 {) L 102. Prisoners’ strike; ] @" ?+ _" e
103. Craft strike
: K& v' e+ q6 q3 T 104. Professional strike
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ R5 Y1 h4 T/ _
105. Establishment strike& {; ~/ A" O, D- ~- I
106. Industry strike
4 C5 U3 M; ~, f 107. Sympathetic strike
5 H1 n/ w9 V( L, T9 G: H( ` P+ p! L( L, V6 H
Restricted Strikes
7 A7 g2 Z) c, U 108. Detailed strike( s/ U4 C& n1 T: u& W
109. Bumper strike
! v, `' z( _8 d8 D6 k 110. Slowdown strike
# n% a* v5 U; K' y6 U 111. Working-to-rule strike1 l8 I1 m/ W' [6 B4 G- m
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' p2 X$ L2 M- l* v4 d 113. Strike by resignation
( q- ?5 `6 G) l: B" @ 114. Limited strike$ O* P% t T3 b" \7 O ^
115. Selective strike
; y" H; N: z2 M: C1 Z
! t- V5 H6 Z( {8 V! EMulti-Industry Strikes* i" S% h* \& l4 J& `
* h6 I0 H& V9 e' L$ O7 D y 116. Generalized strike+ g# ?6 Y1 x, T1 c; v: [3 `
: z: O7 E8 A7 B6 g 117. General strike8 { K) j/ ~3 k6 v, B
. @+ S6 l3 k: U5 S4 k0 q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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7 R, B4 L7 d2 P5 l( A) Y 118. Hartal& [6 D$ J, ^% m( c& L
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119. Economic shutdown
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" o j0 R) B) e3 O/ H( j& MTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority+ G, Z: _( f% B8 b# y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( k) Z* c1 m2 U; b5 ^ 121. Refusal of public support2 {( O3 L$ c8 M. W! ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 x2 [ u! A+ s5 [
) E* [ i, A8 P- [7 Y; ]: p/ \Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* W% Z* t. g' M( r1 F; {! l 123. Boycott of legislative bodies! F. {' X n- u3 o! P- E' D; \
124. Boycott of elections: y3 t6 s2 w/ T* v7 E k3 ?
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, k$ A: s& L% c: W, E }0 ~" D+ W 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 V$ ]5 a2 q- d 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ u& H; p) Y; f$ l8 T5 j3 N. G& q# n8 i
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations! H9 X8 f! S2 j9 T/ I4 \* |
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 [2 f: d6 E' j; f 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ k$ q, a+ S3 z" d
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) B7 L% p0 Y, r$ b! c* C4 F b 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ V$ L5 O8 |2 N& F( Z' a) Z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 E. L3 b' R u8 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& k( w' w4 Y( D. \ 135. Popular nonobedience3 ?( z" d4 s6 L8 m
136. Disguised disobedience
" K( B! d6 b6 h$ f6 z. i# \. { 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- K( y" Q O" {3 B7 a5 T( y+ s& f 138. Sitdown' z1 x+ m- ]! X+ O5 Z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" ?7 X& N* w! H: g 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
q$ I4 X9 G- f" T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) M4 w. v8 V% @( v# T! m! S
0 V7 {% Y! f4 }$ ~8 D5 t EAction by Government Personnel
- `* e. d Y1 l8 i6 e 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 c- T8 u+ A1 w0 t 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) j" @% u' R& A& M9 h) C 144. Stalling and obstruction
3 _+ d# L0 [* x 145. General administrative noncooperation: g7 ~ \8 e* [
?2 V9 L: Z& L) C- h5 p3 u! V 146. Judicial noncooperation
- X: {7 Q0 Q3 r* q+ W' \3 k# F3 g$ v% { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ Y8 p% l( D$ ~" N5 j% D
148. Mutiny
9 B* q2 P6 j/ Z6 t" GDomestic Governmental Action/ u0 I: L1 g) ]2 r1 l5 B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' d2 Z: o) m0 |" H( D( p. l, Q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& \+ x; u! G% U) Y1 Q4 x: \3 L# d; f+ l2 J
International Governmental Action
5 R! C1 L. c* |9 L1 r# d2 g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& j) r( R- y+ A& b1 k9 Y1 s
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ b) P; K- c3 T, z* u* Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 z4 X0 C, Q1 x( g- L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 s$ T% t3 I7 M' A; t- K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ S" T* E: l8 @( p8 y7 A R, M
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ A# O: D3 y- t2 ?
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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5 i/ |; q: v' U1 a" bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
0 }8 d8 n& }, s, p3 a3 Y5 {# d 158. Self-exposure to the elements' U% n! m8 I4 q) S0 x" x3 R$ w
159. The fast
6 I* ?; `& U$ o a) Fast of moral pressure
6 P& Q. ^1 X% Q0 m% X4 ` b) Hunger strike# Y" F7 B* u% l
c) Satyagrahic fast U2 b- Q6 v& r# g4 _" B/ i
160. Reverse trial* B$ r! W r1 C* Y j& M
161. Nonviolent harassment8 ]/ _% d; o8 [" S# c+ C) l
7 _. X+ T8 }. G+ c2 T/ C( _Physical Intervention
! k( n+ P& `, v# s4 f; L8 x 162. Sit-in( {* D3 K/ W. D$ W3 N
163. Stand-in
% G" _$ H1 V- I 164. Ride-in
% V( L" p5 ?. s( t! z$ o' ?& _ 165. Wade-in
6 `9 M6 z1 N, D3 [% \ 166. Mill-in
1 _$ |5 M1 n0 R 167. Pray-in
+ L: R0 h* ~4 i& Z/ P: _ 168. Nonviolent raids8 Z- @. ?+ V) r$ m8 G1 r) p
169. Nonviolent air raids; N; ]) q; w5 D, P
170. Nonviolent invasion5 I/ d/ r: J4 f* ]
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 `# g; ]- X2 `5 z5 r 172. Nonviolent obstruction8 K! c( c! S4 B# g7 i m0 h Z
173. Nonviolent occupation9 n+ o- w5 |4 j5 T
- f6 `3 i! {* A0 \& d3 M2 J. gSocial Intervention
9 N8 J) M$ ?( d4 q2 @: B 174. Establishing new social patterns: l2 U q, G! g: X( k7 P
175. Overloading of facilities
& ?: I$ S) z [ 176. Stall-in+ r, G3 z b, x$ q3 n% k' ?" R' O* _
177. Speak-in
. z& g: L1 @) v2 H% ^( E 178. Guerrilla theater
4 ?* {1 P# s' K- d 179. Alternative social institutions
; F; k! v- c: S$ A% Z: ~ 180. Alternative communication system
7 H2 x! u* A* b' n! q0 d! v7 ?8 v/ Z$ N* K; `( H
Economic Intervention& D, j) a! I% N
181. Reverse strike# x9 F* G0 R) n/ w( {
182. Stay-in strike. C! s" t: i! A: K0 B# Q
183. Nonviolent land seizure9 J2 V3 d3 H+ P' o
184. Defiance of blockades: ]! W, _/ {9 { S7 S. s4 l
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( q/ q* R. j) x& n" V/ ` 186. Preclusive purchasing
6 F1 {, ^, U j4 }- H 187. Seizure of assets$ t" N! V. ?# ^0 D4 [
188. Dumping
; e2 T6 d* g K: b9 e+ {4 A, v 189. Selective patronage
6 B+ b1 n9 Z: }2 @9 M# `. z: k 190. Alternative markets
# E) [2 x/ t2 N ~3 E 191. Alternative transportation systems; i3 `" C- E% K3 X0 L' W
192. Alternative economic institutions7 {4 D' `' Y6 X0 s5 Y
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Political Intervention; ^" T+ ]$ _% r1 c$ _5 t3 Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 p4 ^5 |. e; j z: n* r& V+ ^; n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" n _8 I4 V$ C5 s: r- E# M# F 195. Seeking imprisonment- h# n- E5 a) @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws3 V( g% p$ J0 q
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 m2 S3 A+ \8 X, h* u 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 v( P: Q$ F5 J P, U% s- ?5 t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
