 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- }, P* M" Q/ ?, d- G* mFormal Statements
7 T. ~0 x* W" h& {( ~9 A" F4 h; ~ 1. Public Speeches
* R1 ?3 s" m/ F6 O 2. Letters of opposition or support& P' K- A* }3 |6 \9 y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 [) @; S1 ?# G3 ]3 D; R 4. Signed public statements( C/ Z6 V9 D6 D2 [; w" c
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 l, d8 K3 q. v7 u8 r1 }5 m) Y# d
6. Group or mass petitions
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Communications with a Wider Audience1 [* \+ q( f/ D% c; C: {6 e5 z
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ }# O0 L7 [* g$ Q% v- ^3 R- {% D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# {' @, w$ w# N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( x: O- P0 Z! `
10. Newspapers and journals
- N- g4 x; N/ ^3 ]. ^ 11. Records, radio, and television" l3 e, W: j5 O. e4 c2 W
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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! F3 y, ?/ t7 J0 E$ Z+ G9 ZGroup Representations
3 Z# E' v0 d) B5 B' I/ X2 G9 ] 13. Deputations5 e! N. r3 ~, Z1 h# v
14. Mock awards
9 A* v) X. X' r% K 15. Group lobbying
8 \+ F. ] P0 y3 h* ? 16. Picketing
2 f' U# {- ?9 y# [ 17. Mock elections
4 f& ~) @1 k8 t% P
" m: q, P1 o- y$ H' I5 e( zSymbolic Public Acts: U9 E4 @- k, ]; M5 R
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& x7 P5 D( M6 n; d9 s6 w
19. Wearing of symbols
# a: n; z! E& z* c) | 20. Prayer and worship+ A1 _' R; k, o
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 z0 y! A' ~0 u& h! q! i% V+ U* m. P 22. Protest disrobings3 q: g+ {. c" V6 G0 e" h. b- ?9 x0 R
23. Destruction of own property
5 b% B# X; Q) D 24. Symbolic lights* v9 F B6 x8 Z) I2 j0 p" M* F8 p$ d
25. Displays of portraits% X. E6 {! v% m
26. Paint as protest
6 M. w, L$ r2 t& w8 }5 Q 27. New signs and names0 z% s! O1 _- @# E% R/ A) m6 V3 ~
28. Symbolic sounds
0 w- {) X a2 _8 u 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 Q" ]4 U' Q1 I5 Q 30. Rude gestures
$ b" I3 d0 I, [9 t* f! u8 f+ I1 R; v- i0 D; c4 l& {$ {) Z
Pressures on Individuals" t2 f' L; D% T6 p t3 E' G7 a0 i
31. “Haunting” officials
$ l( B, w. ~1 @: W 32. Taunting officials3 M! ]7 Z; E( T% C. [
33. Fraternization
1 r# g2 v* q% ]/ V 34. Vigils
9 Y7 _& }6 S j# G! q
( \- b3 {' N6 k: n& Z: l3 u# tDrama and Music
6 V" \$ F! x& h6 w) U' s. [* y& i8 Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
! t* V4 S: F7 d) F) ] 36. Performances of plays and music3 g m. I0 R* |: |! j9 C
37. Singing
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Processions
* q5 q2 }" q# d: J! Y- U6 H9 O 38. Marches5 C4 t# N- D4 {- B# u* f
39. Parades# L( K2 Q' R, x4 F J: X2 P B
40. Religious processions
" n; j) i# X% |! p2 W$ N* S 41. Pilgrimages: t, s3 G- \; C* _3 h
42. Motorcades( W" I1 N) x* C# i; j
8 p' \' R1 v/ s6 W6 M. @" c
Honoring the Dead3 l( v% d7 Q0 W, o$ [4 b7 f; `
43. Political mourning
* L* x2 d: G- Q6 g/ E2 U1 y 44. Mock funerals, s; a7 h2 {" `) {" P4 Y
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ `9 a4 c& p- f8 c. q 46. Homage at burial places# k; p. m4 W( J
( s2 `( W# }7 N4 N4 _# LPublic Assemblies
/ c! O4 x! ]( |; | 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 C& `& `* H9 b, r& Y
48. Protest meetings
# P+ v& N L! k8 u2 c- m) O1 q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) U' n& M& G8 p
50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation. J) O2 A8 _7 Y% n( q
51. Walk-outs
% @ X! g' h, R- u6 _ 52. Silence
! Y/ X2 t- {( ?( m" p 53. Renouncing honors
- |6 Q, g' B& ]: w0 X 54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 d" b# v# t4 N J
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Ostracism of Persons/ v' D- ?& z" X2 D6 w9 `( H
55. Social boycott- h- Y0 a' G% C
56. Selective social boycott
" U0 j1 I! E3 g4 ?% I) l \5 a( l 57. Lysistratic nonaction7 K* ^0 N+ y7 Y
58. Excommunication
8 Q; G/ j D$ J3 ?8 i 59. Interdict6 i, C% i5 v9 w
, w x( v5 P3 C: F eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
Y- ^, i- t! X6 z1 d0 C, Z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: D: U( ~) u" ^6 V" @6 P 61. Boycott of social affairs) t" ~, p# e. S o
62. Student strike; Y, s- N: H) c2 h6 M
63. Social disobedience3 V! h# C& m4 U
64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 b. l! I) ?! b3 Z+ ]
+ S$ G7 d. C. @: a P# vWithdrawal from the Social System
5 f& t+ x* {9 v& x3 y$ p 65. Stay-at-home' w h0 T& y" |7 h" h7 n+ g3 J( `
66. Total personal noncooperation/ w7 d7 Q0 T6 y/ m, L' j8 ]
67. “Flight” of workers
4 y7 Q' J6 b* i4 o2 d( Y& v 68. Sanctuary4 @: W2 N% J# y7 m4 C' u- P U/ x$ g
69. Collective disappearance/ \4 U" {% L+ g' c T
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 m4 c9 ^$ O0 q: _. }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 H1 q1 c( {/ z0 P" z* \- H. e0 v
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Actions by Consumers3 e0 B& c- \! s# s
71. Consumers’ boycott
" E, L+ t0 P) W+ t3 w. \ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% a1 V' i# c6 C9 U& \& R$ ~' z$ k 73. Policy of austerity6 M7 X2 m9 `- }
74. Rent withholding
5 X& Y. ~' L5 @% F! F c 75. Refusal to rent' k( Z4 G. U k) R/ |, F L2 N
76. National consumers’ boycott
& J: v# e6 V0 ?- Q 77. International consumers’ boycott+ z8 |: w8 I, S# f( w d" H
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Action by Workers and Producers0 ~- M+ j* b9 n4 T9 n6 N
78. Workmen’s boycott# O- i$ ^2 ^- C4 n: f
79. Producers’ boycott, @* Q2 B, Y% r+ a
% K; _2 V- E& ZAction by Middlemen( q" B1 m" R4 e/ v% W6 r
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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# }* i; j% N; v" d4 O1 s9 H- cAction by Owners and Management
, d* M8 d1 h& c6 }7 K# C7 x" W& _ 81. Traders’ boycott8 C# a# j$ O4 y2 m1 f3 |/ T
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. |5 M0 h/ u: a: _ 83. Lockout* g- }7 r9 W! |( ?
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# c, u9 u4 b/ n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 q( }0 t1 v( F- y$ \6 c+ W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 q0 t; Z. }3 Z1 W$ w. X2 M
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ u" S3 g! q, n9 x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; T# Y$ V# w8 b. g+ J; `
89. Severance of funds and credit. w$ r+ A( Z8 J7 S) m8 T# s
90. Revenue refusal h" W( T6 B/ q+ u$ n5 U6 d
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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. I5 R7 y# y" M, r2 JAction by Governments
- ^" \( \+ j* N Z3 g: j 92. Domestic embargo
- Y6 k+ I$ t7 U; M) ^9 Q 93. Blacklisting of traders* [+ ~! W* R0 _+ W. `
94. International sellers’ embargo4 Z9 p! @( m. A! }' U
95. International buyers’ embargo5 m* k( H' @+ {7 q) J5 ]0 A4 D
96. International trade embargo
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# l' \; R3 w6 a8 u9 j$ o |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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J3 \, E. _" oSymbolic Strikes
$ h4 g- c% ]& a; c 97. Protest strike
5 x) w& a% H9 U5 D; j* f1 ]/ j 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& T* k3 J5 a& i; V5 z) T% C# F9 {
Agricultural Strikes
/ E4 x5 O3 J1 N6 h7 b s 99. Peasant strike4 X! b* T! ?8 j1 T/ {
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 N$ z5 U0 w; G/ l9 r( C8 ^
* j9 V. F! @1 R) i/ @8 g
Strikes by Special Groups
F4 X' w2 [. Q1 _ 101. Refusal of impressed labor% c2 c3 _5 [3 t' p8 x' s/ m$ ^- L2 W
102. Prisoners’ strike2 A, }+ k0 d0 c3 @. \2 q* Z8 a
103. Craft strike
/ r7 D0 q. }, Q8 y$ t# f/ g& t0 q 104. Professional strike n, w0 u9 K% y9 @' c
' ^' I. c- l5 R1 k& BOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 j: y2 k8 f8 k( i+ V
105. Establishment strike
0 {+ S. R5 Q: P$ f* i 106. Industry strike9 z* g$ R9 o4 Y3 Z6 _$ c2 w
107. Sympathetic strike3 ^$ M8 G3 Q5 A+ r; u
m$ d6 Q5 S- O7 iRestricted Strikes
$ | V d7 R/ w6 Z" F$ y 108. Detailed strike
* y, b1 I# H( t5 N 109. Bumper strike) _; U& r3 \8 w+ b! M1 X% n
110. Slowdown strike' ]" q4 d5 ~& L
111. Working-to-rule strike4 {! P. h N$ T8 J6 w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 v/ {$ U. H) O) y* l# l" D 113. Strike by resignation1 J+ {+ |# }( F+ f& |$ N4 z
114. Limited strike1 _7 E% \5 Q, x5 ]: E4 Z$ c6 M! @
115. Selective strike% _' C$ @3 L, V ~3 Z
5 K: M8 G R0 l- a H' Y/ Q+ q- o9 G
Multi-Industry Strikes5 ]7 l$ r# ?- a* ~6 r
9 a) S) |0 g& f1 o5 ]& l
116. Generalized strike' C) P9 U! i$ u* ^+ K1 ~
& F" v! H' L' h: b2 U 117. General strike) D! Z" o* t7 a- }) g7 `9 i" W* b
2 c: \/ k) k. j, {) |Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal: ]4 q8 ^5 w+ X' n8 w# U
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119. Economic shutdown
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+ j" \# t9 B( T" |! I( }# G" T: @3 q, Y8 s1 K
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ C& m( P) ?- {# rRejection of Authority
! ~. `0 _6 A8 T4 {; G# k& W 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance Y& y- D' G+ h
121. Refusal of public support
+ A3 n5 G( o+ i& h r 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' F: ~3 m, }% [* q3 q% W
, k; q' p2 I2 m( f) U T% H% gCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 S: @) A; U, u* A: f, ?& Y3 f# _
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 Y3 k; h% W& M" b
124. Boycott of elections1 F4 u' G( A8 A; O7 g
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! u( G% x' t* U
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" F0 Y' p# d, O: s" R) x. B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 h2 Q4 q; u6 _/ b* J# o4 V. V3 H 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, v% Z& R# x8 C4 E* b+ U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' c; \% s# ]& |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 q- M- T! b/ W/ O! z( @ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- X# N7 V) T: n3 \2 g$ T0 b7 i
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 Z% N" H/ [6 h6 R# K( d2 ?$ j' I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 f9 J! ~# a9 m, U% y: ^! [ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ e' Y/ X6 m) t( e4 N
135. Popular nonobedience
+ U+ n+ G* B7 z6 ~! T; w 136. Disguised disobedience
6 }- i# l& q7 {; v 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ Y3 x/ C- G. O( N9 W! w6 m 138. Sitdown
8 B# ]* r& s3 [; j4 n. S. e7 E 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# W3 Q C9 p3 u6 B. f; N$ {3 G
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 Y$ T0 u5 a- l$ W! K
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 j6 e- y; {$ V) L) b5 q. l& {, s& T0 V
Action by Government Personnel
+ g, y9 A1 L. c$ L 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. I J" F3 `7 j6 K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. ^ j, S# [( F t" H9 Y$ M* u 144. Stalling and obstruction
% l8 F+ h* k0 n8 @ 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation" E- [4 u. D: k% M' U& X( L
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ L; o; a- H& X% b2 l: }. m 148. Mutiny" G' H$ x6 N- }- C- A
Domestic Governmental Action
8 t: Y$ y% {: w; c( _ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 g; H; V) Q' s; k$ r; b
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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- h) Z# X1 G9 B* F1 k$ P: b; j. h WInternational Governmental Action
3 z C/ p2 K) h* }* G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 g8 V& d5 \) L/ L
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# W2 N2 \! g* R3 A) @7 j v& \# T 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition C% C1 c) i% W# A2 W
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 @( M: c! V8 Z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ N# L! y8 x) x 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 b) b V2 `9 S$ Y, s, Q 157. Expulsion from international organizations* N) m% Q0 { A8 v' t& K
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F: y8 N- U( D1 J5 Q4 H0 Z. I5 B$ R+ J( f% k% M& Z2 B
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention4 o2 t$ F: y9 m$ \6 ?/ {! e
158. Self-exposure to the elements! c$ }, e) b$ [( e: [, f% A4 w1 r
159. The fast
8 d2 d$ D; H0 J! V; f6 r a) Fast of moral pressure* U- J& l. S( i5 s- Z
b) Hunger strike- G1 `# s5 l' b [
c) Satyagrahic fast
- T2 r- u/ Z/ r: p3 b 160. Reverse trial
* u$ L3 I5 }" U( B9 l. F 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
% P& A) q& c' b6 Q 162. Sit-in
8 {& ?4 c; Y' O 163. Stand-in# @+ Z4 j- N5 i. T1 |% \
164. Ride-in
. u8 h; F3 H# c$ f 165. Wade-in& M& Q% |' t1 d- [8 K
166. Mill-in
* B" w6 z6 @7 V# L7 N; f- M" u% }/ S 167. Pray-in- T8 z: D3 y" W# z( y2 G% f; O
168. Nonviolent raids1 }' w& f% p& D, D; m
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ x E: ?% Y: l- e2 S 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 l: F% g. I5 B 171. Nonviolent interjection
4 n2 w5 D/ J4 S/ s+ l: ~ _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction' H3 N* Z- j+ h# I2 _
173. Nonviolent occupation" w# Q) x* V3 }( m- k
; Z( e. M" ?4 M ]! d7 lSocial Intervention0 I+ |( a9 N4 Q0 T
174. Establishing new social patterns
/ \7 i7 n. i$ o0 K. d6 L 175. Overloading of facilities
# q- j9 V9 `" G; N 176. Stall-in1 V i* Z" ?. g* ], z
177. Speak-in
) M. e. J1 Y! a( d6 j 178. Guerrilla theater* Y+ {0 `. `3 E: w: C
179. Alternative social institutions& j" b: p5 z6 c; u5 ~
180. Alternative communication system
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( s4 C; N- E: |Economic Intervention2 I4 I' V9 ] ^+ X
181. Reverse strike" P2 W1 N- Z& W. F- ~$ M+ G
182. Stay-in strike& W( p6 Q3 O+ _% p1 U& ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 l8 o+ w' U: B- ] 184. Defiance of blockades
, G' S) e3 Y4 ?2 H- y6 M 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# }9 P, K" i. r% ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing6 j- V- d, _; F7 K
187. Seizure of assets- _$ p& r4 C+ x% r/ X
188. Dumping5 K1 y- q# y3 D# p! @3 u) p( P1 D
189. Selective patronage* U$ Z3 R! c0 E4 J6 E$ T
190. Alternative markets$ X, A3 q* D3 d2 K
191. Alternative transportation systems4 N0 O8 K" ~& X4 v3 Z
192. Alternative economic institutions
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$ d# c9 o* [! r3 @6 L7 G+ ePolitical Intervention
4 I* {! X" }- E" ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems/ N( ^; J/ ?3 J, {! P; v1 c+ W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ v) I# p) V* M; n+ u6 N: W4 F
195. Seeking imprisonment- {6 Y4 p% b$ L, K) p% E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ q# t+ S2 D7 y2 }0 ~
197. Work-on without collaboration0 d1 e" }0 g# M+ w) y( \$ B
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 `2 s4 a% l1 u) M# N' O5 j$ R: C
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
