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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( L, T ], n5 S: |5 H% FFormal Statements, q# N; `' p6 a# Q% P
1. Public Speeches
. A* o5 V3 F8 R0 W! R2 s+ I 2. Letters of opposition or support( P, [& ?1 B7 @5 [7 J' o
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; E% l! W) f+ t5 G# O5 T0 _
4. Signed public statements+ @& r4 P+ j0 ^) f* O) s
5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ a ?* k+ Y; z, Y
6. Group or mass petitions
( j; q. s+ }' Y- u* `2 [
i) ^8 {% P! z# L9 F1 U8 U: B4 hCommunications with a Wider Audience* O# r- R+ x+ j/ y6 ^/ M/ @/ c
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, \5 h6 J' L, P1 S" z) @- s. ^/ `' N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, x! x4 U" h: l
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 x. c! m3 [, p$ k- j( G W
10. Newspapers and journals
9 M: d4 w; H. u0 `& I: z. m 11. Records, radio, and television1 I/ \. D! j; a5 w2 {1 w
12. Skywriting and earthwriting, l( _* H0 U) Q8 ?8 t1 `
% I/ ^2 M7 i! h/ _2 h/ F- b
Group Representations% N# t: ]$ m. D5 g+ y
13. Deputations
7 Z+ s7 z5 g: f 14. Mock awards
$ i* K8 ^; E+ a' @* C 15. Group lobbying
0 I; p, I# y2 b5 m 16. Picketing
2 G- R& A8 o8 ^/ p# i 17. Mock elections
4 ~# D3 E6 a# ` r: O9 F. }) g8 J% i# i; t& ?0 y8 U* `3 ^3 n
Symbolic Public Acts7 d/ d; W$ f4 }# ?* m; L# Q) z1 v; P
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 \* E; i* S8 t' J. D, F" S
19. Wearing of symbols
4 A3 z) c+ V) p% k 20. Prayer and worship
5 Q* ]& _) ^7 {0 V) \4 o* c4 Y 21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 b+ e: I/ E" J: A, p9 h 22. Protest disrobings
# L2 f5 p' P. S3 O5 _5 ]' ` 23. Destruction of own property
1 ^" `" V: {; G/ X, Q) y 24. Symbolic lights
* _4 F* B7 p$ t9 ]0 K1 r4 b) t 25. Displays of portraits
& I3 }1 ?/ ]# }9 e: P 26. Paint as protest1 `$ k) n% _6 @0 K% ]
27. New signs and names
% g5 l s6 D* o' z( h8 `4 V 28. Symbolic sounds, Q* C* T M/ @& d
29. Symbolic reclamations- _/ o# T3 c1 M7 \8 g5 z$ g
30. Rude gestures
. `6 i8 t8 x3 W* f( K1 a3 V- D& S, k
Pressures on Individuals% a- ~; }1 v" J m* T8 M
31. “Haunting” officials% v( N) u/ s5 M7 F9 L" N4 U3 }9 { W# [
32. Taunting officials" n R2 h/ {1 U9 ~2 e# c; o
33. Fraternization' o0 `) K7 @1 I' y% [- T0 {" H
34. Vigils
$ ^, K2 H5 S; _0 s$ v* c, z* F* c2 r5 l$ G: i" B/ ]6 X6 J
Drama and Music' ?0 T4 e% o8 _& d; z& m
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ j( z/ B; i% y8 j" G' c$ r3 S
36. Performances of plays and music
8 z! L8 y. g/ ]6 ?2 c 37. Singing" H) k" x) M0 G3 d% \
. J# R# l* z+ NProcessions
' s* J0 _: _" F0 B' B/ v0 k 38. Marches
3 a* w7 j$ N5 h, h% {5 v 39. Parades; g) `/ f% B2 s6 l
40. Religious processions
2 y7 |" U$ f Z' y6 y0 r$ c9 ` c 41. Pilgrimages
5 M- e3 v# C V% F3 p' ` 42. Motorcades- p M! L! J1 j: L* e1 d
2 O% z( ~) r5 I+ gHonoring the Dead
+ y( E8 G+ O2 c& F6 s3 x 43. Political mourning
0 [0 i( A& y& S8 o1 @, l8 E0 E 44. Mock funerals3 l' c7 @" |" H( R8 h6 s
45. Demonstrative funerals& v: B# C3 _ V* M2 e$ j
46. Homage at burial places# I( N. v* ]& k" j5 X+ f: E
0 S+ I0 I x& I
Public Assemblies
7 }9 a" c3 d$ ~, |' c 47. Assemblies of protest or support3 s4 f5 E+ X9 _$ o
48. Protest meetings0 s% B+ ~6 r5 F2 q* ?6 z9 q/ s
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* J3 o4 L$ ^3 \, D2 N 50. Teach-ins
2 W; W* h6 ~8 Z
7 B2 l0 n" O9 C, t& U }% PWithdrawal and Renunciation
6 S& g, r9 O7 L0 r! r 51. Walk-outs
! _4 n* X+ |9 e3 F/ {5 ? 52. Silence
: V+ h. N2 Q6 C7 {8 v, X8 X 53. Renouncing honors. g0 a9 @% X' r4 E6 j3 _
54. Turning one’s back" Q$ \9 ]' X) a1 z. ]0 W+ x: e
8 v' D( |% } }: P - i; x& j5 c) |, I( r' y, F
! R$ R1 @5 \0 }4 w# S3 Q& `7 [5 mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' N% z4 e! f* }5 e. Y6 a) P; U" w5 i1 u8 C- C
; Y3 n. s) h4 E+ Y e- E7 i# }
Ostracism of Persons# l2 G1 H0 A+ r9 s( `. C
55. Social boycott
0 _ ^' T# F; u" v6 j5 ~5 G 56. Selective social boycott
* p1 `$ [7 }8 U4 G4 s 57. Lysistratic nonaction
; t" Y3 c7 v, }( C$ N6 W1 l: r 58. Excommunication
/ I' n0 h+ Z" Z/ V& z 59. Interdict
3 O- `. a% k5 X" j* w2 O: m
' B0 b0 [! p; b8 e+ @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) l' C6 S* x. d! G( U( s6 j" j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 S) e5 k& y H7 k 61. Boycott of social affairs
' h: h; Q9 p, y0 J$ E 62. Student strike( L1 ^) z8 D; }9 Q* n
63. Social disobedience
" @/ G) o9 g9 w/ A, q9 x 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* _/ C- y9 \6 C
9 J8 V; s% c% _' L; i+ @9 T; XWithdrawal from the Social System
7 `; @$ o; O7 B9 p 65. Stay-at-home& _* \& g" H( e
66. Total personal noncooperation3 n* P; G, L% X9 G1 W1 t
67. “Flight” of workers
" K) }) g5 @8 v 68. Sanctuary5 T! ?& n9 V9 E3 F: U3 x
69. Collective disappearance
0 z. s( O% O6 y$ i 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
( k0 P) E$ c2 u+ V2 q
0 ~2 `$ R+ S/ V& W
% a, Y9 v" W4 b5 h
8 U+ a0 Z6 G+ n0 \& [) ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& N$ q' ^. y5 w
& Q" l: w. j1 Y
) }) S. B! F- f2 C, k, q
Actions by Consumers
1 Q' S$ n- |; ?0 [- F# V 71. Consumers’ boycott0 Q. U# _0 _1 d1 W: r
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* Y3 A3 v; r: r2 ]3 g& a, U8 \- @ 73. Policy of austerity
& v) K! h) h! G! s3 d N; X 74. Rent withholding+ z2 S6 @3 J; o4 \# j! K+ Q
75. Refusal to rent
0 Q- E8 c9 Y& Q/ l6 w; K 76. National consumers’ boycott
" \, H4 j& h6 t1 j5 I- D 77. International consumers’ boycott
, q# s7 v1 F4 t, l8 N5 \" K0 X7 K; C5 {- b7 u3 }
Action by Workers and Producers
& p% }+ ]; x+ s0 T4 k 78. Workmen’s boycott
" p" E/ N: |7 o |2 E/ u# b% D; ] 79. Producers’ boycott
- [- y, I5 N+ [3 C- F7 b
" J b; Q" E. x% L, r8 C3 V; iAction by Middlemen
5 e1 }. i- s b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) g0 N& I% T* u
' k/ X) l, d/ S2 S! z BAction by Owners and Management
% A0 G! ]) D$ K: }. M/ @5 r- g 81. Traders’ boycott
/ p$ v6 m2 y9 t4 e! [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property& P& ~- c2 g8 H/ V9 Y' I+ P. D' N
83. Lockout
+ V0 R$ U+ `+ U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 g9 ]! o/ P7 J. J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ v+ s' V# H0 X. \+ C2 T; C/ E+ {/ n9 e4 N% Q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 \; ?" _7 A. ~3 a. h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 t' g7 g( u- e) L; I. X+ f
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ F7 C* s* [4 `. b, O9 Z5 P 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" N, F' |( _3 e" R: i 89. Severance of funds and credit( J6 \5 N# M" i% u: ~9 P
90. Revenue refusal
* F3 h: `+ n' I+ p 91. Refusal of a government’s money
( \$ w( I6 [( J4 t2 e8 {! ]# c
& B/ T9 Q7 e- c6 |$ rAction by Governments# F# Q) g; s4 _9 y. d! F
92. Domestic embargo
: `- |. A5 \* Y" ` 93. Blacklisting of traders
1 F L, h+ s# P/ | 94. International sellers’ embargo
" Y5 S6 ~! N( S3 [% s 95. International buyers’ embargo
' u! }! K \, s& W# K6 e 96. International trade embargo
}* h+ w& X, {3 j9 n1 h* r4 l
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$ O5 g' n4 j/ }% g. k* @9 A7 s1 Q+ Z0 P8 O" P. g
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& A1 t9 q4 U$ n6 D+ O
4 X' {, V& T) k6 `
! r5 H- o9 c. B F! PSymbolic Strikes
1 f" y) O/ V; T; z1 E: m2 C- l 97. Protest strike
! V ^# Q/ j* | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 k! Y1 O9 n) F+ W0 g8 ^) z
/ c# K9 @! e1 A) R. i- n
Agricultural Strikes$ f$ j2 H$ c0 Q7 |: r
99. Peasant strike5 t5 x) f5 j `, F! Y" @5 q
100. Farm Workers’ strike: W- U2 I+ W! X9 d6 j
# i/ S* f2 e7 o! {
Strikes by Special Groups
' t0 L A# b0 y: @ 101. Refusal of impressed labor. M |9 Z9 }, j* a: @
102. Prisoners’ strike
% k; `& P& z: r U8 z 103. Craft strike
) o+ a$ V# C' z& t' q3 d 104. Professional strike
7 H+ A# [0 V2 z$ F3 g
8 K8 }/ i5 K% Y, {* KOrdinary Industrial Strikes' M! P9 S; P8 @9 s/ g8 x
105. Establishment strike
9 H2 ~1 {* m, W2 J; f1 p$ ~ 106. Industry strike
8 J) L& V5 D$ w6 P3 e$ U+ a: S 107. Sympathetic strike
! N/ q4 [& n. s" O* a" p! e% O* h# F2 l, i$ g4 B3 t9 Q& Q
Restricted Strikes) q2 d; S3 K; t3 B; }' S r
108. Detailed strike
( G5 D1 h- ?3 @$ F& S* ] 109. Bumper strike
( v, p8 C3 N6 X, S0 Y 110. Slowdown strike
* F: f& H, h7 m: R2 q+ u 111. Working-to-rule strike" r7 k9 q' w. W9 {
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 h1 f! S# f& Q, A$ G7 c
113. Strike by resignation% s8 R+ t- g+ R! n
114. Limited strike( c& L/ R8 r T
115. Selective strike
+ }7 {- V) t2 ^) o2 Q
" Y3 }/ u" ?# m* B0 S# oMulti-Industry Strikes7 }0 k4 L0 A" T" r6 o7 U1 j0 q
! @, s2 R2 r# A) X+ X 116. Generalized strike( g+ K6 {+ K5 v3 K. n9 V$ [
$ M1 w7 m, Y, H$ m$ g
117. General strike" W, ]# ^& z$ H3 G% h6 i% d
' U9 n4 L+ T$ P }& ?, G% PCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 h3 y$ a9 G* A! ^2 u6 h) {; i- r' w) K7 d6 _1 M. N8 f) R5 x. B; H2 V
118. Hartal
0 z* [) v' Q( `. ]4 o$ d" R. E$ C: f0 i
119. Economic shutdown# t3 N* u( z& ~! y' Z, q0 R- l
+ ?* S' x% W) |7 F" D0 W 0 x! c1 V4 C0 R( o3 L$ i
5 u! p2 w5 k# u5 Y) | C g. @
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ ?+ N) K" e) Q8 F
" L6 _& ^ I/ Y
0 J0 a: I2 m! e U+ n' C! KRejection of Authority3 d% O+ o$ r5 S/ ?# D
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ ~' w3 \0 Z5 e
121. Refusal of public support6 l p) F# \1 P6 Y. \, q6 x3 i
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 D0 ~) Y5 n2 _# l+ N# }$ k3 V3 m( I ?* F1 P+ X* O
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 k1 V# _) B# C, S2 } 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% J0 Y2 f' e1 \) n: n 124. Boycott of elections5 e$ R( t* u) \) Y+ }' Y* w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& b& @% k, p- n) q' L* K4 z* } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 H9 y* f0 l; k& s
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" s+ q$ i% v8 }; Q9 x( ~& a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 L7 z- j, H2 I7 J3 \. i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ d5 M, G+ c9 T" ~- Y% M 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 }, |) u& R4 T; }7 Y1 { 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; z+ B. Z( Q" U& {2 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) B) @* U5 D; _- u* p* D! f
" l1 N( F, n& \8 N9 _4 \( KCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, _+ Z D# p% g. N/ C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. [( O, u1 e: e9 @! V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; q2 P& Z+ Y( v8 M. U- S' Y 135. Popular nonobedience
0 f" g+ s: m2 Y9 T 136. Disguised disobedience
& R8 A/ h* N# O6 a 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. W, W: ^ L" R0 s 138. Sitdown
8 w" z, U; }5 |' b; ]. X8 I O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 K" R+ C( z3 g' U* O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 M- ^4 d4 Y h) ~
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: x1 t- s) Y) z" m+ f" I$ N
6 o( r" J% Q/ z$ D
Action by Government Personnel! K4 k1 b3 I! Z8 _. H2 \8 j
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 p6 F" c0 ^0 j. W( q: D
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 F/ `1 v/ i7 p; T' Y0 V5 {
144. Stalling and obstruction% y8 d9 I- M% N- K' E, {' X
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ @4 `0 Y; P# P& @. U5 m/ X9 F# E6 E) F, f1 g0 A p
146. Judicial noncooperation8 w, M! R, P3 j9 y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( D3 T! n4 X5 {9 b 148. Mutiny1 Y# M; } k/ P3 n
Domestic Governmental Action0 B ]" o& F* c1 W: E2 a, K& K
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, c }4 ]6 Z6 x9 O2 Q+ S" |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 a) Q J' O1 A
8 K) |" T& A, B- \
International Governmental Action, ^. S" ]4 _; t: H+ d3 q5 E+ A0 @
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: I e( Y; C0 I; e; ?$ p3 a
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 S1 ~' \! |4 p& q6 m 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ {- _. f# C, s
154. Severance of diplomatic relations% Z) y# {6 w' [, l0 {1 R& C! ^3 d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! G- {5 k" D6 g8 w& \/ ]$ Y' x- M' D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ t( R. q+ }5 a0 e; p7 x' G% \2 H. v' i
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ K* m* ~8 @, [
% ]# w) m8 \8 x) K6 d& _8 M * o2 ]4 \6 O$ e7 M) d
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. {' r0 I/ I. T6 W. N$ x
6 w5 I' N+ u5 Q
% L4 {; H# ]4 k& j& |% X: H# hPsychological Intervention
' ^0 _) b8 o* z" Y5 o 158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 @% q, K9 j; R0 | Y 159. The fast. S7 b6 |# e3 k4 y2 _
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 U# K- Y: [) `/ l9 T6 b( I% P b) Hunger strike
! I( b; n5 {3 s c) Satyagrahic fast6 L0 q, x6 I; \1 T3 G# H8 N
160. Reverse trial
; R( I- U9 h4 e9 a2 t8 V+ B 161. Nonviolent harassment
. _. j; ]) _( h9 R9 [4 g
+ t/ T( \$ |: e7 K- VPhysical Intervention8 r6 n4 ]) j6 `/ _/ m3 G& t% V
162. Sit-in+ W* h& h. v; U2 n. S2 X) h
163. Stand-in/ f# |0 h+ x9 A6 C1 G/ z6 b
164. Ride-in
: ?! R$ v3 B2 {* f5 c. Y 165. Wade-in
5 ?1 A+ o+ N2 o" ~. l. [ 166. Mill-in9 A5 c8 [5 c4 F( [+ q! {$ ~
167. Pray-in% Q& f$ F! c0 N8 k" f
168. Nonviolent raids9 e- M7 R0 |( V6 S: v# Y
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ U k9 E; X+ S) S) \" R( z 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 Q8 Z7 q, h" y) T9 X" M% i% p+ H 171. Nonviolent interjection
6 k3 s( Z$ L1 b$ V- F 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! w; ^8 a; m/ j 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 d4 \3 D5 R/ Y5 ~8 C9 j( y; P0 Z6 \) g! M) W8 _
Social Intervention8 g) t# C6 k! n& l
174. Establishing new social patterns' {. [/ M9 @' F. v; m' B
175. Overloading of facilities
* l) d+ x n% l: Y 176. Stall-in
2 D. y7 f$ x, T; A; G, y 177. Speak-in5 y# X# Z1 @1 I6 e/ b2 k( Z
178. Guerrilla theater
4 [2 U- x l3 ~+ o; M) _ 179. Alternative social institutions0 F: C4 _$ Z4 h9 B
180. Alternative communication system
- E% q" X; D' L( P- m" O8 n% T6 w+ J. w/ R" x/ E) b
Economic Intervention
9 j$ a! c0 O5 J1 q 181. Reverse strike2 l6 M2 k @" [ D0 c
182. Stay-in strike
$ W) q& r: f# T7 U! F+ J E0 H 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- {& m8 Q4 b* ~ 184. Defiance of blockades$ |5 u5 U5 Q+ w) ~
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 f; D* a- n/ { V2 V 186. Preclusive purchasing
& M7 K9 j, P4 p% Q 187. Seizure of assets
/ c0 y$ q b8 s; M# X# `$ C 188. Dumping5 |% Q8 z6 X& f0 @" @% h
189. Selective patronage. y3 J0 a$ E, Q+ h# B# \) f, p% M, v
190. Alternative markets
9 P! d/ q* e3 r7 j! L2 a 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 c# W$ j8 l' X$ f" i- O 192. Alternative economic institutions
- s6 o7 j& o: n- O; _* U8 R5 S% E( a. U9 H
Political Intervention) D% R, l0 i; h R7 `: M7 W
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ e; Y. x& {8 e
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ d+ |- S! L2 Z# j3 Q1 Q) f+ D( s 195. Seeking imprisonment
# D( U9 h' I X' S0 h- z2 d- K 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 p' j7 }" o7 z2 r
197. Work-on without collaboration+ m8 s/ b* P) r$ E! i3 ?
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; d! b, m# T3 J2 {0 f2 y2 R
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
