 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 y& g# n/ R& }
Formal Statements
* I4 B4 R1 Q/ W( _8 U3 W 1. Public Speeches
! H, U- L3 F, R) x" a% c 2. Letters of opposition or support
6 V% Q' L' P; i+ A; X5 H) F* R' U 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" A5 w, ]7 j0 n/ v 4. Signed public statements! a( W0 Z y" {4 m
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 T. z) d: H3 w- m3 ?( Z 6. Group or mass petitions, y* k2 B/ S% Q" ?1 F7 n
. d2 ?. r, t7 X0 h7 w3 B, G( }Communications with a Wider Audience& j' E7 A2 U6 ~$ A1 S% x$ r5 O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' X% ^; O C- F1 D* j
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 f8 V+ s5 x0 n% X# W
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 U" V* s" k, e( a ^0 x
10. Newspapers and journals" G% X. F0 p$ k8 D$ ~7 X
11. Records, radio, and television
: @$ T4 e& D' Z% \; K4 t* J 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' t8 L4 j3 y9 S" x$ q3 V; Y; U& m0 S+ I1 F- ]7 o* c! \
Group Representations
# l! H8 M" ]! J1 u; O. T 13. Deputations
2 N. U4 Z2 p, ~0 b) ]7 j* O( i8 i 14. Mock awards1 k: I8 r% G8 y
15. Group lobbying: r! y! O0 X: k0 T# w8 I5 U
16. Picketing
" i9 _/ u8 \5 o+ h 17. Mock elections
: l( ^; }' Z1 z- B" N3 L; d! s* I/ ?7 J. G M ]; I0 Q" z
Symbolic Public Acts, E0 j N* ~* p9 E; t. [, o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 L, V/ B E6 ]6 s0 {0 p 19. Wearing of symbols* L/ o- J8 Q: T
20. Prayer and worship' Q; m! c4 |, ?0 f5 Q/ C
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 P$ S6 C1 Z! P
22. Protest disrobings& G, Y. O+ m4 n; Q2 L( o* r/ Z8 X
23. Destruction of own property5 W3 i4 |- H6 c3 W3 n% K: O4 K4 Q
24. Symbolic lights% m. O* m, U5 B! T( M0 c d
25. Displays of portraits
l. b3 _) r8 d% ~ Y 26. Paint as protest
- r( B S0 u: p2 J 27. New signs and names2 |6 h! K$ ?) N
28. Symbolic sounds# O0 m9 o& a4 L" T- T
29. Symbolic reclamations
: x+ f7 g% s4 ~/ O2 F 30. Rude gestures
! H- s* e" y/ Y- E* ^3 W/ [
O0 r1 ]( Z# }/ FPressures on Individuals( \4 U# j$ f' V4 o- M2 z! z U
31. “Haunting” officials
& ?3 Q& a& j: | 32. Taunting officials
/ l) G6 M* i) p+ L, H8 ^ 33. Fraternization1 A( E7 i) L8 Z3 F8 d" q
34. Vigils
& {9 X% _) q" o+ i
) c6 E; D5 D. NDrama and Music: ~6 e$ i: D. W9 s/ \3 [
35. Humorous skits and pranks k- v0 S" n+ L! s2 y+ l8 b7 k
36. Performances of plays and music( L# s1 Q% e. t+ S5 Q
37. Singing. O9 |* Y. Y" K, @8 X
0 L% }" Y& N kProcessions
4 D5 J: D; N; Q( g5 i5 l0 O 38. Marches
2 Z. d$ Y" s( ]# L 39. Parades4 X W, d/ R: r& }7 Z5 b
40. Religious processions
6 v# Z i9 p4 O 41. Pilgrimages" r8 {# D$ o* b9 ^/ `
42. Motorcades8 F3 X6 z) a% l% @' P
, b9 t J- e0 A) wHonoring the Dead
k( d" @+ M `8 J6 t( Q9 R 43. Political mourning( x' x% f- F- B9 O& Y$ Q, |+ O( y# b4 J
44. Mock funerals- G! Z6 E% N0 a
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ i- `6 V- d& W, M) G) r 46. Homage at burial places+ @1 n& L5 E P& G" ?
9 a) T i9 C2 K, r2 `2 ^% w& l
Public Assemblies+ D% q* R3 ]8 G. X8 B! c
47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 k3 R8 \" w8 `- N* f, y( U 48. Protest meetings' K$ f, x' j0 d8 k ?; I
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% a# d. c2 R9 S, e2 T, N 50. Teach-ins. T0 \- y9 n0 X' Z/ A+ ^
) O" c/ q& z' ~% c5 H9 iWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ T( g, `$ c# I# e( _8 k 51. Walk-outs- G, X. q, t& A
52. Silence* R( \& `; E$ B& u) A! P
53. Renouncing honors
: r e; \: n' s/ Y) O F O) [ 54. Turning one’s back
3 `8 J3 d: q- H
7 K6 K, S# z/ Y2 c$ J
8 z$ q0 s. Q; C
; Y4 B6 }; F6 f; P1 RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 R* [( ]+ f. y! K, q8 @; i& }$ x. }. l/ B; \ s2 d
# p% V+ X7 P. L5 l) v
8 g, B% L( l0 g) g3 m% eOstracism of Persons
& b, A- Z4 Y8 |8 K( Q 55. Social boycott5 c, s* }& b( V9 O
56. Selective social boycott4 K; U r& D1 A' n
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( ]/ q8 @7 ^! R! n- |! @ 58. Excommunication2 } x% P) d) d9 ]
59. Interdict
4 s9 @$ [5 w' ]" V" j: }- |+ K% V O# b
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
o% W5 ?+ d& h 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 ]0 W# h: X" `! T" B 61. Boycott of social affairs
& y9 m- ]* G) \0 i |* e3 x 62. Student strike! u/ M% B$ E/ \7 r3 a
63. Social disobedience: J' f) Z0 ^' }9 q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 l2 t) G6 U: h) l" A- b8 O# _+ m8 [
Withdrawal from the Social System
& u! e1 F& ^7 a8 d 65. Stay-at-home
1 a- t, b2 v1 R/ d 66. Total personal noncooperation( _0 l" Y8 g) L$ Q; U4 m% P
67. “Flight” of workers
1 K! v0 u$ m8 _0 m2 t; w0 X% z 68. Sanctuary
. g" s# ?! J3 y# Q! ]8 L 69. Collective disappearance
/ I' f' J7 Z1 ?, S& ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 }- W% T; C; _( i
4 Z x& l) h2 J8 ~ 3 N0 y1 n9 g. \" h0 o6 x
, \3 y: X3 H2 N/ Q2 i* }% KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* b- g- X$ G9 J% _: x& z
+ Q3 c; `: g- }. t5 _- w l0 w
+ ^ ?8 Z& w" ZActions by Consumers! X1 i! J8 \: u* G/ T" x' T
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 y1 j! v2 u$ r9 u6 ?9 p 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* `8 x9 r4 J( ]6 |
73. Policy of austerity
+ b% ^; X4 t p# s 74. Rent withholding
& s% {/ D5 Q/ w/ q: k+ l* _ 75. Refusal to rent
1 X) o" N% q( @- _ N9 r7 o5 ] 76. National consumers’ boycott
; ^5 R4 \! ]$ \+ F 77. International consumers’ boycott
+ @3 I3 q1 G3 F1 A6 w! w8 d2 N* h% X* h" u+ A& ]
Action by Workers and Producers
7 Q8 D3 |4 q5 A5 Z 78. Workmen’s boycott
) E- `. e y2 z* m5 J 79. Producers’ boycott; z g3 e/ B) S
' I1 r1 ~) @, O2 x I
Action by Middlemen0 | R( Z" p" [/ c
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, T0 [4 q6 k* J2 z3 x
/ T! m+ \' i, F7 \% T6 aAction by Owners and Management# ^7 g% b; W4 r0 H1 b
81. Traders’ boycott
: W9 I) \( I+ z. D8 i: I* C 82. Refusal to let or sell property9 }9 y' f0 n; ]% O" U( g4 `
83. Lockout, `/ c7 f% r) e; i: e+ P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* B: w5 V* J2 x$ N 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) P* z; m) q; n( |: @4 M6 B q( V
' e- j& }5 Q/ F9 |: e) A' rAction by Holders of Financial Resources
2 v# m2 Y5 k% Z a s, h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 {3 x6 Z2 q3 k X( u
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; d" |* J1 F6 u+ Y; [. X$ y, o, P
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# o8 r6 h1 f$ w* S 89. Severance of funds and credit- f1 y, B: e& g+ e
90. Revenue refusal) x; J4 B! C% K9 x3 f i9 i
91. Refusal of a government’s money9 f0 e* ^" m4 z0 y$ `/ s( x5 w
% c. J1 m7 h- k& e9 j6 O: X( |Action by Governments! ~, T. m, a" d
92. Domestic embargo$ Y( v+ C8 z7 C
93. Blacklisting of traders0 K6 ^6 D9 H* u# X: P9 }) Q: u
94. International sellers’ embargo# V m8 p6 [3 j5 `6 h1 m
95. International buyers’ embargo8 O5 |( l0 O6 `
96. International trade embargo
5 O( G- b! }7 w' }' _% H3 {6 D B) G
2 p7 B3 m1 @) W/ F 5 V8 k# u$ ^: A* B" g
4 J: {6 M% Y' E3 p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 d' ]7 Z; A4 B6 C, q1 F
% C$ j# v3 Z: R. n% T& V5 M/ W1 g/ C ) W# N) y8 P6 |
Symbolic Strikes2 r( o! i! `2 ~$ q" |
97. Protest strike
- V. p0 K. A9 s) e2 L 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 [; P: ?9 j: n
4 v- a2 l. O4 f" wAgricultural Strikes% B, @( E8 F4 T8 G; ]/ V' Y0 b
99. Peasant strike
% T9 V; [5 K1 X/ w) L- t/ S) A 100. Farm Workers’ strike
. M! e) h1 d+ F% j8 z
% n# Y; G e) q! J4 o* w. s: oStrikes by Special Groups
* C! W3 r" s3 p8 w; U+ G- ~. e 101. Refusal of impressed labor* I$ G* L6 P3 |5 `- z: J. F* f
102. Prisoners’ strike8 A' x; I( `! D
103. Craft strike" [/ l _/ S3 k: M; j3 y
104. Professional strike8 J! Y f0 u% Y, r Q0 P' j
1 |0 Z/ o" q* g! O' [# P
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ k, T: T' p' p, q# \: t5 z7 F& F 105. Establishment strike
' w) ]1 @4 T0 X" \; \. w* n' Z# B 106. Industry strike
+ Y! t2 ?5 v: U; r( a 107. Sympathetic strike
5 |+ W& o2 x( l/ N9 i4 d+ s* B, t
# Y: C8 Q6 {; e+ [Restricted Strikes
3 ]$ Q' X1 r! U 108. Detailed strike
; [% z7 D$ X; m8 U 109. Bumper strike
$ e) o$ h2 N ?2 e {! Q; w* g+ K 110. Slowdown strike9 S9 Q, e# {$ a" \9 f- Z6 k
111. Working-to-rule strike; ~* V/ M# H O7 l1 S: s- \
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 A3 i, t* F2 L: O1 X" o 113. Strike by resignation2 V* ~( f9 ~# r. F6 |
114. Limited strike* S7 W( w' Z) B" c3 e5 R; T5 z; x3 t& y
115. Selective strike
& l5 n& t+ K; H; G# @6 S( q* ^8 R
* S1 I z( L# _% r3 GMulti-Industry Strikes% D( t& X2 h4 K
5 E0 V* l" z. |4 W
116. Generalized strike
! j- U. R# T N) k) [
: k q- ^0 x' [) A 117. General strike* j& I! p. }5 ]' O1 |* n% F
( e0 E" Z% M0 ^& n- I1 bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- F0 p' o/ g9 y8 V( P9 U" }) g
7 j( n0 O. j! s/ q$ o8 F 118. Hartal
5 h$ M& x8 {7 o! E) j0 a! A' x! W( U# H; s
5 M$ H7 Z6 S( b% k 119. Economic shutdown$ y9 |& E+ f# V. J' r& {2 V) |3 Z+ p
; q$ m6 @, k) Z6 `( b
- q3 Q% u+ n A6 ]6 F1 H
- I( T8 T6 ~6 p! s- s3 Q$ u( NTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' L- e! t3 G$ X5 [' o
) y" d. ]2 K( m
8 Q2 K. y7 W# d- q( GRejection of Authority
& {) x, s3 B: y7 B 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- j+ d) f/ [6 m8 w 121. Refusal of public support; m/ b. w. b( T" I
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 K X1 G# u3 L& G5 V& U9 A: \, ~$ {
2 r$ f- T3 S( K- n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, B \- l9 j3 R+ b+ L/ x; u 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! N; a" H! t6 o1 Z' X/ ] 124. Boycott of elections
% ^' D# j1 y$ i2 {' ]# y; C 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 `/ I y" S' X5 E* l
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( L% T( a8 F7 n, [4 F
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 m6 u9 s% G& B& \ H# U 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. R$ k( [/ K2 `$ l' n( {7 v! B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 ~' x* o6 M) ^. Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 B2 _* g- ^+ Y& I2 d: f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) Y/ r- i: ]$ C. Z2 r
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# \( I; @) Q* V/ H2 M- a6 d/ l3 F/ y& t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! y$ t4 t: e1 m
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" h- d* ^5 V# l# Z, T% B) _ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& y `1 y* W) @, G4 Z. {2 n
135. Popular nonobedience, m/ `, M# f' v
136. Disguised disobedience1 U4 O1 m1 D; }8 c* u$ v9 k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 d; t! r' e# F& E/ x7 m! o' V
138. Sitdown
9 A/ u6 o' x } 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 o! i1 l0 A; F; o3 U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
r% m0 Y: a- }; ~9 I, Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 c# O# J9 J W$ s- ?0 A* y4 m; C7 F
Action by Government Personnel
9 w' H$ o: }: l; H- m 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides2 a2 b4 z9 ?. }) p: ` S
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 f) R$ q Y% {8 h. o0 c, J
144. Stalling and obstruction
# M- z+ z3 w* ]! h& F 145. General administrative noncooperation
( [( f A1 Y* T4 \$ Z$ a, D; d4 s( ?$ d2 x0 h9 l% s& x
146. Judicial noncooperation% x. {1 O2 t' h9 b. u$ I4 f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 y7 F$ v- a' r u6 R# A 148. Mutiny
1 ~) O) x3 h4 s5 d8 P- qDomestic Governmental Action' c4 e1 X0 o$ U0 f [! b; [: p
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 w% _- \7 A! k8 s0 }* J; I! w4 r: ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 X9 R+ u- E# V" V; t" h
& x: M. [2 G0 J% F ?International Governmental Action# E2 h7 U; a; D' x) v& A+ o
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ R- p( @. ]$ ?& R, b _
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- E8 f4 y7 u/ j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; U3 Z. p6 l' a7 i- |6 T8 F% e' ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; ~: E/ ~+ z3 ?9 r9 i( N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, m& k4 y' g9 a$ P
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 E" o2 Z- b- w# B' P. @
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% S! l; l* V v& ~3 Z$ ~+ V2 m- f$ M# c/ W9 d2 j* I% q
; U5 s7 K. f" v: ^
6 O; q7 y$ s- d; S# G" W5 G2 R" A
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
/ D7 I/ |: |/ h( I* P) @! a; {8 R) B/ b' C
( K% z3 d" @* x- |) s( Z# [
Psychological Intervention
' g! R# M; k0 R. K0 u/ l 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ m# s6 T# s% ?& R
159. The fast
3 e8 T1 u5 G7 o% f6 j a) Fast of moral pressure
: f/ D+ G. L( j9 T: n! } b) Hunger strike: V) U4 H2 ^3 L3 p3 |' D
c) Satyagrahic fast/ c4 |# m" `' I5 n" d5 l
160. Reverse trial
2 r4 w7 I8 [0 A5 `. L8 A* t6 B 161. Nonviolent harassment
, M9 `) z4 f* }( t9 y6 r D# d9 j$ r
Physical Intervention
$ S$ j( P) ^; `: o 162. Sit-in8 F7 E- y* e2 U8 A2 j
163. Stand-in
" t+ |, d1 [6 s3 i7 a* z- D5 p& Y 164. Ride-in
, w0 O: P% Q' | 165. Wade-in
5 b7 \! d7 ` A3 s5 c) { x 166. Mill-in* l. z5 y) S! V* K/ P |/ N
167. Pray-in
0 v( _0 V# G5 I9 x# ` 168. Nonviolent raids
$ |- k( c# r# q; D) h 169. Nonviolent air raids/ O: k" F2 P$ X6 N, H |
170. Nonviolent invasion' Q: f3 a( g3 b( j4 B
171. Nonviolent interjection4 p" T& M* w4 \- E5 A" q
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: i1 D5 i$ h8 X% }' c9 M" W 173. Nonviolent occupation
( z( I: a2 d1 Q1 R, E4 `! r: [6 e1 E, [0 z& A' z
Social Intervention3 z% O1 |$ k; i' ^+ u6 {
174. Establishing new social patterns& G9 R6 g8 G( O1 g/ K+ @
175. Overloading of facilities
# Y$ c0 _+ r+ D 176. Stall-in# f C! f; A% }* ^- E" A
177. Speak-in
. [- A( U+ V/ A/ z 178. Guerrilla theater8 ?2 z; W r; s7 D/ k$ i
179. Alternative social institutions+ j$ V* J9 d/ U
180. Alternative communication system6 S9 t5 r5 j; X- D# ^
$ _1 o5 @! N0 f$ P4 ^) v
Economic Intervention
$ g# k) r7 C2 \0 H 181. Reverse strike3 @' _; k* Z% ~% c
182. Stay-in strike3 M3 S" c! @; Q" i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- V' z p- z5 R$ c 184. Defiance of blockades' l/ ^ a- n9 {+ s# _9 G# U3 X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 ^; B& h3 X4 b" s6 x
186. Preclusive purchasing. X& Q* t; r' ]
187. Seizure of assets
9 l* Y1 ]1 b3 S( U8 v 188. Dumping9 f, I s; u6 g' M0 @$ |; [
189. Selective patronage F1 j& _1 H U* u& K
190. Alternative markets
: [) I: e" U( R8 g$ m 191. Alternative transportation systems! w6 O( n9 J0 Y5 H% t# p
192. Alternative economic institutions) ~6 ^% f! s' ?) v
3 b8 f* n7 L: a1 Q) ?) o0 u
Political Intervention
+ D4 D% `% t) X5 X( \6 a 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& J5 m7 j2 \8 M' h! v% u) P5 R7 f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* ^# E: m i- r( R4 ] 195. Seeking imprisonment
7 w" A2 @9 O" `/ O2 E* v; ^$ M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# @8 X E+ o3 M+ X% u$ G 197. Work-on without collaboration! F' v1 t* C6 M4 c L% `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
. L/ M1 q7 w. x: K1 X! i* L, t' B$ Z" E, M. X
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
