 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& a0 p- F9 e( z& EFormal Statements
, z. _& n. l, ~* }8 g" J! o 1. Public Speeches+ F- f1 q+ ~3 }9 \* k. G9 t9 i
2. Letters of opposition or support
3 n3 O6 v! z! |. L) W 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) r1 v2 X2 p3 O @7 y- I
4. Signed public statements
" L% p' @& v1 }% q) J+ v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ H7 C$ p. [+ Y4 |9 B( F: B! e
6. Group or mass petitions
1 s9 H5 P, N. }# ~0 u0 U! E+ u1 I: ]& T* L" {5 G+ G3 m2 \ ~
Communications with a Wider Audience
7 B9 e$ {" A4 P+ h% r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 O% }) \- p$ \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 o6 ^1 z4 B p: N% g 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' s2 E4 A6 y& P5 ~7 g+ p0 @. \
10. Newspapers and journals0 P) Q3 R p( U) q
11. Records, radio, and television
}. |$ R9 B2 ? B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 R7 d. q: F% k9 F7 Z$ s
' `* ?$ r. S* O5 uGroup Representations' r) q7 m8 O3 S( o4 s5 w$ L, {, j
13. Deputations9 t$ g+ q' f* f3 |
14. Mock awards# U7 {8 o) q! K9 J5 ]
15. Group lobbying" I" L' x: e6 L. H& Q0 K) G3 R& ^+ U
16. Picketing( R/ a3 x0 }, K! ]1 U& Q6 `7 B
17. Mock elections. C8 R1 ]6 a) N. v1 Z7 ?
# L* A* d9 q5 f! X6 E9 v
Symbolic Public Acts
2 v7 {+ z4 t8 d' j) g3 O' G4 c6 y3 y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: g4 v' E6 p, S' I( q- b6 p 19. Wearing of symbols3 r* U, q2 m% u4 Z
20. Prayer and worship8 E: E& c/ q7 I, s. F
21. Delivering symbolic objects- z# F6 J8 s) K/ K" R5 ?0 F" y: d
22. Protest disrobings
$ w" K, x6 C* u- c# Y 23. Destruction of own property
1 h- a/ T, D4 h5 n: R; p; X 24. Symbolic lights
) _2 @ u9 z2 F( ? 25. Displays of portraits8 q+ Q' q; i) k# Q2 l0 c: h0 ^
26. Paint as protest; d Q: C1 l+ K5 ~* m- R
27. New signs and names
6 n0 u* F; l8 R: r& @0 t 28. Symbolic sounds: V' I' c3 b! z9 B. v: C# \
29. Symbolic reclamations9 U6 N7 k$ u' t$ J) E( M; k* z
30. Rude gestures
8 u5 c! z6 ~, i# t5 E( L
2 U- y E% L, ^$ B+ S( RPressures on Individuals
q+ o5 C: K7 H- _, Y: g: O3 v 31. “Haunting” officials7 d6 M$ t* \: w3 b: e: u6 d5 q4 w( B
32. Taunting officials
9 e1 E& C( c0 O ? 33. Fraternization$ x7 g# E) N; v8 i
34. Vigils
- e. Y$ a+ v; Z$ r7 U3 {
/ D7 D+ J% {7 [& M5 B5 Q" ~Drama and Music
! N% s7 q' L' `, Z) d0 ~4 Z5 A5 }+ V 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ s- T: ^- F0 [5 l$ S 36. Performances of plays and music
+ {/ q, r8 S% X" \3 ^ 37. Singing4 j# X3 m' ?5 n. G! Q2 P
8 N0 {7 d' M- j# ^6 x/ pProcessions
8 D+ }! p# ^3 Y) O' v6 c 38. Marches# i) {( ~+ w9 e9 V; B3 m
39. Parades
; \1 _3 K% k% n9 L6 p6 j 40. Religious processions
( | H1 N* O) W+ e- ~. Z; \ 41. Pilgrimages+ \, x0 F- ?, B9 m1 I
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead5 H% D- m& W6 A* G) i7 {& Q
43. Political mourning0 }3 W z: e: H, a- J
44. Mock funerals3 Z+ G. Y% X) f4 B& w
45. Demonstrative funerals. J( L* D8 W% ]/ r; g2 T
46. Homage at burial places
+ Z$ N; X/ \% Q6 @% B7 ` q, d) X: R- E. W
Public Assemblies; r4 j( ]( p$ c5 F
47. Assemblies of protest or support7 K: \7 O* ?& y! z9 p5 i
48. Protest meetings5 e6 |& Y* ?- y- V) C
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 Z( Z0 E* g v: w$ H, f3 `( B 50. Teach-ins3 K. S3 p' X9 G2 p9 V; U# A7 U
& q2 ~0 D% s6 S+ x, T& Y+ C; IWithdrawal and Renunciation
) k8 r- q0 H9 }$ K 51. Walk-outs
4 l: D+ @ b- |. @ 52. Silence+ B6 d, z9 l( O, R7 p+ J
53. Renouncing honors6 A9 C) s5 _5 p& Y5 X5 _; o' o
54. Turning one’s back
3 }# b5 k) _( F8 V6 }7 t6 H9 p$ [# ^
2 b" m F: X$ X/ e2 G# O
0 y+ w- n! q4 r. YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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: [$ ~5 p2 K& d3 ~2 }* F! u5 w2 l9 t3 D1 uOstracism of Persons
; K7 _+ s8 q% M 55. Social boycott/ u1 n/ J% o0 a- b, V; n
56. Selective social boycott6 M6 _% c2 w/ g6 e% u
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 G6 ?) q8 o* t5 W9 v4 [9 u6 Z) ]* d 58. Excommunication
2 C3 b% ~6 \7 D 59. Interdict
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! L( V) b( Q# D3 TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 n! D. u' i- I8 U- y4 c2 C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( j2 i1 ~& O) Z+ g 61. Boycott of social affairs* Y1 S* f3 d+ g9 |6 D6 z
62. Student strike: x! L1 r1 b. u6 z# U# Y
63. Social disobedience
1 R6 ?& X6 ]# ^! {/ |' S 64. Withdrawal from social institutions) U, Q& B- q9 v! Z9 i& G
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Withdrawal from the Social System2 u: r8 H8 b- O4 c; [( F( m7 v
65. Stay-at-home9 x5 u) u F+ b
66. Total personal noncooperation! K! f3 i! T a! X
67. “Flight” of workers3 b0 c& ^' [: S- E# `! H
68. Sanctuary6 q# T, N; P8 N) S! V. M
69. Collective disappearance7 [" _) p8 a% n! S) N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
; {2 L% f3 r) p4 u- U 71. Consumers’ boycott. Z7 t8 N+ v/ w9 o
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ L, ?, C9 ^+ t1 {
73. Policy of austerity( d( {/ z/ g8 T7 Q; H
74. Rent withholding* ^) [% x) P( R, C% d( W8 y
75. Refusal to rent' {1 Z8 O9 U7 C: A/ P0 s
76. National consumers’ boycott1 V: J8 p- Y5 t9 r4 `4 X
77. International consumers’ boycott% \5 r( L% q# V2 @ `$ {
; i1 f" K/ ^0 O" S9 x/ B" \Action by Workers and Producers3 r. w: u4 T: {. J
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 K- W( ]' S$ M& x6 k 79. Producers’ boycott$ K5 r$ P3 ?# ~$ N
Y; A2 a; e3 F& E* q/ _Action by Middlemen
( B% C& V: g2 C. { 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& `0 s: X% t0 s& O5 w
( Z: I, b& T! }$ ]( @Action by Owners and Management( K. h7 W& X4 R+ K! h! `
81. Traders’ boycott
+ T1 y# u9 A2 E. `: u2 n3 _ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
# Q+ S$ k( d! q# Y( u5 @ 83. Lockout
# ^9 X1 t% S3 t: _" m7 @# X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 f+ M+ r8 G7 j$ p4 `6 p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 e3 y' e) x% k9 V7 B+ w0 n, m7 Z& _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 ]8 y, V1 Z% r% C
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& T& p% I2 N4 _! ^
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, Q* \+ Q4 G& [# ]
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ \, j& D% {2 F
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 \: D$ P& f0 M# B 90. Revenue refusal
" ?/ t# l( ~1 |+ _! H% m7 G* c6 I 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 f: z) I5 H" R3 l i# |' }4 I
) c1 h0 A% y6 z$ p2 C* b4 N' CAction by Governments! K; l, C2 e, ?( f; C, k
92. Domestic embargo/ e. p ~ h2 f) [
93. Blacklisting of traders0 n3 m1 H( j8 j* i
94. International sellers’ embargo r/ b ?8 ?* _( D
95. International buyers’ embargo" Q) a& D6 R) u% x) R Y
96. International trade embargo
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* s. \ M9 B( G" H7 g/ cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! ]) o; r$ I5 {4 }1 l7 v
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Symbolic Strikes- S/ d1 u5 ?& m' e5 d" T) W1 P% n5 g
97. Protest strike
( q. g `; G8 s( s/ P$ g J1 ~ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- G; g ?5 w+ z8 r. B$ }& Q7 G0 }) w1 E
Agricultural Strikes
+ n0 x2 H, b/ t 99. Peasant strike
, H9 a. U* q" W4 v( u7 L) R7 k+ ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ y$ s& t$ o( Q* k! j- G! p# v" @3 w/ g! T6 L6 v
Strikes by Special Groups4 a9 h5 U4 N/ N; ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 h7 g7 H8 M+ [" t( Z0 L& w
102. Prisoners’ strike3 s3 ?! ^. S; O2 }
103. Craft strike
2 N& f/ C6 O$ Z 104. Professional strike
4 c# w9 e5 r5 p- O/ `9 | z
3 ]0 e4 x! n; A6 LOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) ~: b0 _0 M" B m/ C 105. Establishment strike
) F, ~" |% F2 o m# j 106. Industry strike7 r% T/ U @& s: X
107. Sympathetic strike, x9 p; D) r$ k; M8 }7 E. m: h; ^
9 x. _$ D8 g# e! X9 T
Restricted Strikes
* I+ [% w; P! ^: G, n 108. Detailed strike
( v1 | k" S9 q! n8 j; e. j( u* f0 m 109. Bumper strike
8 C; Y# Z0 O0 |- ~9 ? 110. Slowdown strike
3 P2 o% U4 s+ x; K9 t! h 111. Working-to-rule strike& E% \) y: J$ g, i
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 f' l% Q+ K' G+ g% `+ n
113. Strike by resignation _3 c( V" S) F; F; z. _
114. Limited strike+ a, @3 W4 z1 e
115. Selective strike7 Q. ]$ V7 e' M1 S
, Z' F: s/ D1 S7 N6 h$ LMulti-Industry Strikes
4 Y5 y+ p4 j& p
6 g! X, M8 X7 F9 h: }7 o3 _ 116. Generalized strike: a, [5 F& ^: F, U( t6 D
; I7 @. B) p' r/ a 117. General strike8 I. @# W6 S9 C& d' b2 ?
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: E" m+ N& Z: }& N
+ W# n; j V( g' t9 X' h 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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/ v6 {7 [. d' ETHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 D" `7 `# K: T' Z- ~8 gRejection of Authority* J2 V7 t4 n& a! f
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 ~+ g/ w; S1 q 121. Refusal of public support3 x6 Z) x- ~: D7 y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 V& i6 D) ~" \6 ]! `
+ w+ m7 G$ C4 g* N- L( |+ ECitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' a* J) h: c) ]: T& p
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. b3 d3 K8 \+ l& d 124. Boycott of elections1 x9 l$ G" \5 p* u3 @) w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 n% w2 d( G; p0 K! [4 I
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: S0 {+ d+ y& [( \( J8 f7 b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& w% {1 [& o% j4 ~* ?9 r. E: q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, O9 O9 W% M0 `8 g
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 G$ {0 k0 Z$ B+ q) ? 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) Y7 t: }/ ~8 i9 n- P7 I: X3 C: l
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) b: j! q& U0 r: T X+ w$ v5 N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 I; E/ s: n: f& n: ]; `+ D3 s) }( n+ R
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 T; `. ~& L( w: e T6 a9 g2 V! E/ j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. E4 V$ O6 K' R! |) o 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 D' x" @0 g( y 135. Popular nonobedience2 q. E* {- f8 L# c7 k
136. Disguised disobedience
4 `! l" b$ v6 C# ~& o- Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 p# p% D9 I4 c9 H% C
138. Sitdown6 ?. R: N3 |% d6 E1 o/ W: A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 k9 r3 d4 I( i" z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 ^) }. Z+ z2 S# \0 i s/ d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ e' r+ n$ B0 e& ~; W
: y0 i2 F! Y- Y/ k) y8 }: pAction by Government Personnel
8 Y& O2 L: N$ V$ {4 y% | 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' g5 G. B' t" H7 i c5 V# e 143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 O( F# n# b* N: I4 g
144. Stalling and obstruction
" T+ F6 w4 p5 E+ e6 G0 V4 t" m 145. General administrative noncooperation; W$ V. |4 u# U
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146. Judicial noncooperation; a" U1 p. J0 I, _) C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 [3 _. G. j* \# [% F+ v 148. Mutiny! q4 w8 l3 U1 ^( Z
Domestic Governmental Action
( w6 |& w/ L2 m# W g" u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ N5 h5 [/ @; V
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action- e& g# A5 ]( d- X7 t0 @* k
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 J- x3 ?: n! [ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: d: w* r2 E2 C$ n+ q& t( f5 ^) v 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) z6 c6 j8 u9 `) v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 K4 u2 b: ~9 j7 ]/ x( O9 ~+ w8 p 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! S9 P1 a0 M/ u6 N( a/ i. ?" t( } 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 E( m; T, b: E/ z$ I& V' V. p 157. Expulsion from international organizations* M: }, e! B9 p1 {1 e: v
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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1 F6 H! _( w! o) c2 ~4 qPsychological Intervention3 F1 k1 s# ^! E) f% x+ c
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& V# ?) |) v# a: M& F 159. The fast
% a- q( s# J; W a) Fast of moral pressure- o( ]/ M4 z3 j, Z
b) Hunger strike
) t8 ?8 H3 m& _, G" Y9 S1 i c) Satyagrahic fast" J, X5 D6 p- w% ?7 M# i2 ^
160. Reverse trial- c" o8 }. ]5 v R# D) T
161. Nonviolent harassment, y. {2 i6 D: Z R S6 [9 c
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Physical Intervention
1 |0 ^! u Q. L$ Y8 V: E% I 162. Sit-in- k* m: t6 B, ?# |
163. Stand-in+ q& f0 z$ j) `0 q
164. Ride-in
/ O2 o, x( f7 U j. f8 {- B 165. Wade-in
) ]! G9 q1 R" V" } 166. Mill-in" w3 \: Q* R5 y
167. Pray-in# D# G& v# U+ `" m
168. Nonviolent raids/ y; ]/ p6 E) I0 E$ t
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 L. m% Y2 m& v9 r5 Y 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 o; I. j/ H- l% U( t7 e 171. Nonviolent interjection+ a% u Z$ _2 E) K
172. Nonviolent obstruction! {1 f% @; W( V& z6 K. D% U- v
173. Nonviolent occupation
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, d" \2 `: P& ?: b$ B8 XSocial Intervention
! m7 E) [# Y! B1 T 174. Establishing new social patterns) `& O' p' V, a
175. Overloading of facilities3 h8 n5 w% G6 u' `+ `
176. Stall-in
( ], S6 \6 F' m% C 177. Speak-in9 t! h8 d9 g! u% ~4 _
178. Guerrilla theater
) _3 [6 U* w. e1 n# p6 d 179. Alternative social institutions
& F4 u# H: Y* B2 P; t3 b x) T 180. Alternative communication system; G9 b" T2 A$ H" P( C/ [
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Economic Intervention
- E2 s( J# G) q; u: J# x) r+ W 181. Reverse strike) @! r/ }4 R& z4 C
182. Stay-in strike/ l, V6 V7 c: k7 h1 W& ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure1 p% u) o, W% ~* E& \
184. Defiance of blockades
; y$ N2 y$ M5 v, e, M8 A9 E 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% W9 G4 w8 I7 P: K, `) A
186. Preclusive purchasing9 v5 T2 b/ o/ c/ L
187. Seizure of assets* c3 v" ^) C( f! s3 q" U
188. Dumping
5 T% t, L* D5 H1 H" M0 j0 A0 i0 Z 189. Selective patronage. d3 w6 Y+ V, |$ l0 Q8 N; {6 u
190. Alternative markets
1 i. u' p E. n8 k* [ 191. Alternative transportation systems
e4 m7 ]- n2 t. H8 @ 192. Alternative economic institutions
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# M- D6 s8 e" w y& NPolitical Intervention; f2 k6 J E0 D' @: v% ~
193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 Y2 B% x4 R8 x s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 c/ x$ E0 c/ t
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 f, F0 Y _8 _: A9 o9 w: G, N' ^0 H 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 b; i; k5 Y: J$ e" m9 A% { 197. Work-on without collaboration( T3 M0 b; J3 z0 L" k2 m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 q0 S& T0 S( k) q" B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
