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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
0 [, \9 C" D' P# T) a! K1 PFormal Statements
6 ?2 l7 `$ p z! R 1. Public Speeches
/ q0 {/ n+ D$ w* ^: S2 M7 c 2. Letters of opposition or support
" `3 [3 |; [0 \6 R. q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, s- f( G( m% h' @; w; @. g 4. Signed public statements/ z! Y! [9 _8 p( H/ n
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 ^, {) y. G& b. ] 6. Group or mass petitions. j. J$ A* i n' s V6 X) B- W
; Z I3 p1 P1 O2 Y7 K! g; G. \ O* aCommunications with a Wider Audience
- T) S8 c) M7 ]9 u) o$ A$ u$ Q' F. Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; e( Y+ s! w# E. s; y$ o 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* ^: L" W# |5 x% N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! _) S( Q9 g& T! a1 O J! E 10. Newspapers and journals- }4 v, H6 L, Q0 t M8 ~- ^3 A% \
11. Records, radio, and television
1 Z6 a/ S# V4 t7 u. }' f 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 d# ]0 ?# N D$ H
* {2 k; ]6 j6 ^- A, rGroup Representations
$ a# Y+ v/ J5 K; \0 Y! t 13. Deputations& ?. j6 ^- m' t5 B( \
14. Mock awards
" w/ N/ t( q K7 P0 ^0 w 15. Group lobbying
# ]/ Y; x* J, Y6 V" y) n7 F 16. Picketing1 a& b9 d* i- _/ C4 R% z) Z
17. Mock elections
- _8 d9 }$ I1 m( Q1 \4 V" L
R# q" v& q G' ASymbolic Public Acts5 w; ?7 T. C& Z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors d% d. L9 r4 k, T3 D8 k& B
19. Wearing of symbols
% H, E: `* T, e$ E 20. Prayer and worship
3 i2 J6 W/ e' v3 K0 Q: _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects( k7 }: L& t& x& W
22. Protest disrobings
! @. [# x* R+ o; L, V 23. Destruction of own property
; N( ~* n( Y& s. W( v 24. Symbolic lights% B4 O8 p' C) J+ h, z. m
25. Displays of portraits
]8 B% @+ P0 D4 j& h, q 26. Paint as protest5 k9 K( j# i; W+ X/ k
27. New signs and names% X5 r) b/ y9 F+ O- N$ Y
28. Symbolic sounds* J6 `+ L- h. y! A& ^& r4 }% T
29. Symbolic reclamations6 C6 M! g3 N" P3 K. |
30. Rude gestures2 [8 \' `/ P0 g* m2 g
, w9 c( I& n" X8 z. ^* q, cPressures on Individuals# M, n0 P! {3 Q- R! z* g# d) W
31. “Haunting” officials
" u+ \* N/ M6 L9 H' e 32. Taunting officials$ _0 ^9 I: [4 C: f
33. Fraternization
2 ]' h' ?2 |, P/ Z l t 34. Vigils2 f& M, w( Q0 i. |: o
+ ^, s& Q- W- w% b' \, H1 u6 ~
Drama and Music
4 |. ]5 |# C7 B8 Q! X; d 35. Humorous skits and pranks) y! z- {6 A, f, g+ Z
36. Performances of plays and music3 ?% U* S! m& C; q9 x; e) O
37. Singing
7 o f6 f3 F: ^8 w9 {8 G
( |3 \4 r5 G2 L! @2 S! W5 YProcessions
9 Z6 ^" u0 ?" Z 38. Marches
+ ^8 [ a0 m! |3 X5 b6 u 39. Parades0 X: I' @$ {* ?# a3 c# o
40. Religious processions
- }+ x8 B3 f* O ^5 c k Z 41. Pilgrimages
* e5 k) h- ^/ S+ [ 42. Motorcades1 v& j j3 ^' _( d2 J" C
8 }; k) z, `" ?0 RHonoring the Dead0 c$ G' f# L' ]. [9 C h
43. Political mourning
( ~( F& n, c) w# i* z% d! u, G 44. Mock funerals6 c6 x @5 h, f. U# n
45. Demonstrative funerals9 f& S% o# z" s5 A* _$ e s6 M: f
46. Homage at burial places
3 Y: O4 D2 M7 \6 F; T. A. a, x$ t2 m8 e
Public Assemblies
, w* v4 L V Y 47. Assemblies of protest or support. u- R& J+ W5 q) v& W1 Q6 P
48. Protest meetings
+ h; L0 `: `* A* ^7 J: l* q$ I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest4 x# \+ X! I, h @! V2 u
50. Teach-ins8 i* C, N# Q' _- o+ L, \
& ~1 E( e# l/ D' O, JWithdrawal and Renunciation
0 O' `5 _8 f4 \* Q+ U7 s9 x 51. Walk-outs+ Z+ q4 L, @. R( Y) ~% T
52. Silence
9 [' `- T4 d! G; H' ?4 k' w 53. Renouncing honors
2 Q9 e0 K M C9 C# Z 54. Turning one’s back0 B+ T0 `3 W; m+ ^) m8 d1 g* h
9 P0 o; s% z% Y$ }* G0 b ! O; U' e: `* z2 B- V: @
* @3 J' [* s; W$ b" z+ e. |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( j) [) \: f5 t9 h* R9 v
6 f8 n! l7 L0 N1 Y& Y 4 U* I- o' |9 l# e
# k. c: A- l0 B; l
Ostracism of Persons
& D6 Z6 Q0 d u/ [ x) t 55. Social boycott
1 R }: X5 u3 ~2 g! G% Y' V! h( T 56. Selective social boycott
# m5 E4 H: Y: q 57. Lysistratic nonaction
; D8 g: ]$ S2 U# X: J- a 58. Excommunication. w. c" i/ q# U( Y" v! z
59. Interdict6 b, |8 X" L/ ?% ?) Y
' v: ^1 J, J6 W6 NNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% D, F" K. l" K* T- k! J. I
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' g$ r. Q% ]& @6 v; g0 ]$ p: D
61. Boycott of social affairs
: B! R1 R3 `) s+ o. {" v- q1 A( n 62. Student strike; W! V% ~9 g& v( E/ V' R
63. Social disobedience
7 y% I+ z& n% K% @2 P 64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 f3 V; T4 [. F& J
# a1 X: _( s& l) u" BWithdrawal from the Social System1 q$ c1 Q5 \: g& g2 n( ~
65. Stay-at-home
+ Q7 E; n% ]! S4 }7 z* u) ]6 i4 g 66. Total personal noncooperation8 F' n8 s1 a0 v! Z4 S
67. “Flight” of workers
) o( k! V2 [ H0 X. D 68. Sanctuary
" _7 R, l) }, b 69. Collective disappearance
% {* \2 O( G3 d) J6 {2 x/ _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- M5 s f" N& A) c
9 H C' A& c k7 U% {; b V; V * u3 V1 P) C9 `& B5 U
7 X( r2 u% W% D; k4 h+ [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
3 G) W5 J+ X4 n# R( h1 {5 O: z+ D* k( K; C# g# R
7 \' X$ q/ X5 [' _0 A
Actions by Consumers
; x: K2 ^# |# r& u4 E 71. Consumers’ boycott8 z& l! f2 w6 y- R
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 p# ]7 F! S" ]' a$ e) a/ `
73. Policy of austerity
! D. O( L3 P1 r" z7 \2 Y 74. Rent withholding: T0 g( H; o2 W. M1 k
75. Refusal to rent4 r7 p$ ]4 \0 L0 S! a! X: j
76. National consumers’ boycott
' j: z+ h! H* a! N' z2 v2 @4 q 77. International consumers’ boycott
3 n' F1 x1 D( X: w, o6 K0 w+ }. _+ u$ m) {
Action by Workers and Producers
/ R! I2 k9 A4 v 78. Workmen’s boycott7 u o7 b2 s4 a2 G. k( y3 j
79. Producers’ boycott/ `( U; H/ b; `
& \+ w8 B# r" c9 z7 H
Action by Middlemen
. X. h2 @7 N9 z& a6 _( R; J" I b- R3 ] 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
$ `2 k o' Z' b 81. Traders’ boycott
8 J$ H; S( k4 E4 J 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" p! p4 f& a- W 83. Lockout! ?4 I3 X) k5 l6 ^- ^4 i$ C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 R# i8 B9 s; g9 X 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 y9 a9 i2 T& E, V& ~. ~" q# F0 A3 h! N( K, s w
Action by Holders of Financial Resources9 C& r, l; a6 l9 N
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 N5 J: }. v% E: N+ K/ K$ ~ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 t2 Y5 P0 }) X0 p. ~. m3 o* l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ I/ w5 w2 I% P+ C
89. Severance of funds and credit$ ?$ G% o, U( C" l! s) R: t! O
90. Revenue refusal
. G3 V9 }: s8 o4 r: K* S- C 91. Refusal of a government’s money' | k9 M& F5 R1 p
& \, i- P5 Q0 o* ^7 Q
Action by Governments9 x+ Y( ~+ m6 q. {
92. Domestic embargo% h8 R. s* I7 }' e0 I( [. ~
93. Blacklisting of traders1 m9 C0 J% P' r
94. International sellers’ embargo& m6 y2 c/ _6 v
95. International buyers’ embargo
4 @! _$ r; M8 Q, c 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) [ u+ q1 b' e
! m# ^+ \8 V) D: L) y& N + C$ v7 x y/ m. _2 ]+ B J* L {
Symbolic Strikes* R# i# p: G& G* A) }
97. Protest strike. @0 {0 V" B3 \$ p r
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 j( h7 T$ B% ~+ I
9 m' w) q% o. K3 {- w* Y" x. Y T9 ZAgricultural Strikes1 |$ A! Y! p7 g' r
99. Peasant strike
. \- d1 f: V9 y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 t3 _. V8 o9 O5 O" m9 ?8 R+ I8 D3 l5 b% I" T' S( Z# F
Strikes by Special Groups
4 W3 }+ H) G8 A) I/ C! p( U0 D 101. Refusal of impressed labor
. g/ n0 T3 W+ ?. a V, ~( w 102. Prisoners’ strike
. {/ Z/ Z# l3 V! g- S. A" D( r1 Y' I 103. Craft strike9 _: Y3 X+ u( W& b5 w& L
104. Professional strike3 [: n( x& _ k: H; {
; p, Y3 a0 F( s& Z8 k6 B
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 ]" B7 ]: ?# M8 J* G1 T 105. Establishment strike
7 d& Y" L0 H. J 106. Industry strike
$ p( t- X5 Y v. @2 N 107. Sympathetic strike* R; p( F6 p5 B' |# r# g' Z
* ~ B) C2 `- i1 h5 z
Restricted Strikes
( d1 \2 i. w7 e/ ` 108. Detailed strike
& W" f$ m7 b1 R" o% p. N 109. Bumper strike+ d) ?( p; \. m" x6 T
110. Slowdown strike( b ?, c+ P! \1 _3 ?
111. Working-to-rule strike
2 u2 x* ^1 K( H, L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); c/ w( d+ Q) W0 b! \
113. Strike by resignation
$ A% T0 t7 B& A+ H 114. Limited strike' Y9 [6 Q" E& b; O9 r1 S5 Z0 X
115. Selective strike
5 i6 ^0 {( m* H1 s# x. T
5 E- ^! g4 U8 w4 RMulti-Industry Strikes9 K, O# C6 ^0 S: M5 G/ P8 {
6 M% Z5 V1 D7 [% F% j. Y
116. Generalized strike. B6 G+ b6 x9 a" K" ?; L4 G
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117. General strike
. u' G7 @: A B9 f" B" J+ d; D1 U, P; n: Q$ D$ m, f
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures" W9 m' t" A) D
4 d/ u. n* Q& q) [0 c x+ I# i, a! r
118. Hartal
$ b/ s. @ r+ _3 x
& F, F8 U; j _% _( G 119. Economic shutdown
( z- Z0 d0 L* R) J& Z; _8 X' ^% k/ a! H* }' R% ?3 N
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$ h: @+ ]8 f' n/ y8 tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 R. I* j4 Y5 o, Y7 w
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Rejection of Authority6 B5 i) C5 E$ i8 F$ f
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& _; S2 L* \4 U U! w 121. Refusal of public support
" {' n/ j( P3 q* | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 P( [! e5 u: [; z* t
* o& n& W8 ~2 a4 f5 vCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ d+ a+ Z! h( `# P+ w8 n, J 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" j& {5 A( R, V+ Q. n# Y- e2 Y) N1 V
124. Boycott of elections! K- C$ S- i- Z7 m7 l2 G! q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions; s0 G6 j6 D4 y9 T' X! X* s( [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: X1 v; A& d5 k' O- i+ h 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" U2 e7 Y/ g% [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations! [" p Q G6 F, k6 g X
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# m2 |( q# @; J0 f. R 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 J7 N7 I/ w8 q& K 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 `( M( | s$ W* q" y" q) L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! }: o* S5 D) w& `: k/ _" M- ~! r! c& g9 i3 O6 Q3 Y4 A
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 p' _( |$ p; N4 [$ b
133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 h+ G Y; _7 N$ O8 b# r R ?
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 O1 {5 O9 j4 G9 c0 }6 P. z
135. Popular nonobedience
( q# g6 s6 X5 ? o8 I& S 136. Disguised disobedience
0 U6 W0 a8 f$ b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% V1 b( W0 q7 g
138. Sitdown; V1 v( H- ~ c
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% I4 u- Z& x7 O( a- ]$ B% z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 i B. p& A# z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 e6 f8 l) P3 x8 N2 j/ q
5 ?8 W" Y' S0 c* G4 I- bAction by Government Personnel
! q* s3 e+ f! ^ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ T, Z" e+ I+ t7 `/ q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information- } U6 Q2 b1 v e q7 L( \" f# Z
144. Stalling and obstruction: R( Y+ R) H% W6 q w
145. General administrative noncooperation
( T- ~0 q6 c7 q! N* d% l1 Q s* @+ U* g! o2 D
146. Judicial noncooperation
" Q7 N8 o/ t7 C d+ G 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 m% [2 g7 S) w7 h- K% E$ d 148. Mutiny
' r: R% c0 T; y' D9 D, M- A. eDomestic Governmental Action
7 f. o! ~7 j% O7 i1 t h" E3 J 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% G0 N, |1 I* ^; Z d; [ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 s5 v) l8 o8 d3 X4 H C. ~, b
8 a2 ~- X' p: s5 c) M/ c3 sInternational Governmental Action$ u: D2 }, Y: N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" I' X- z' l! r! k 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 N' r0 w+ Z: ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 w" X% m1 t) O+ Q) E1 Z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- P5 ?- k! O2 z7 v3 Q! t* d 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 S9 k h) p8 a/ Z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" z% h4 x$ U, T
157. Expulsion from international organizations. `3 I9 H0 ?% e" |: }- L4 N
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! [( S3 S3 V5 l. gTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. V7 Z' o' O( [9 t9 u) [2 v
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Psychological Intervention
! f7 i0 ], P3 m$ d' J; Q! @- Q 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 `" [* U6 [3 f0 v2 X3 L
159. The fast
; e, }2 F* m* |1 ^& {4 s a) Fast of moral pressure# ?- c% D# U& B* V
b) Hunger strike1 }* T* e+ i" h m/ `5 @. W
c) Satyagrahic fast
6 E* j- d% y. G, L" P0 O 160. Reverse trial
8 f- f, r& u( a3 ?/ t% N) N 161. Nonviolent harassment* U- [: _0 `* c
/ e/ J/ e; {; v- Y6 vPhysical Intervention* z, R. s8 E. v5 K7 _
162. Sit-in
4 w, q# f7 g. {. q$ g2 r+ j 163. Stand-in
( _4 X, s7 A( l0 q8 a 164. Ride-in; P, B+ @8 u+ u$ n" o+ U/ Z5 Q5 A9 Y* A
165. Wade-in0 n; r* v0 a# C
166. Mill-in
* j& I! v6 T, |/ t 167. Pray-in, [. U6 a8 I7 I
168. Nonviolent raids1 |0 ^+ B! T, x( O
169. Nonviolent air raids/ A8 L9 o8 ]2 B: D* U4 ^, C
170. Nonviolent invasion
( @' r5 T7 }0 e1 N: H( K- ^* X, ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection+ A9 \ c5 H: d
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ w6 g# P% g- k7 o 173. Nonviolent occupation
& O2 v. `& Z4 i; s @5 ^8 p) j* B! T9 L
Social Intervention
& V' `/ r4 N8 L% \! {' @ 174. Establishing new social patterns; k; ~: F8 t2 M, s! J
175. Overloading of facilities
( }$ H8 T5 [& M( ]. ? 176. Stall-in' M4 ]9 B$ w+ g& r
177. Speak-in' W+ J- w; Z: p( J7 B
178. Guerrilla theater
0 F" y, ?, e+ t& s 179. Alternative social institutions
, ^& ?" }" f: y4 G1 O 180. Alternative communication system
0 X* y: }+ t: P3 s0 T& T+ M `* Z. E5 J+ n& Z6 g7 @
Economic Intervention1 M# }( v: Z2 m
181. Reverse strike1 @) ^! A& e& d5 A. I
182. Stay-in strike
0 Z. z* h8 C7 _+ |3 V 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 r" m& Z) O* @ 184. Defiance of blockades
( C" n9 _+ ~ K! ^" \$ \- \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 S# e# G; J! Y. ], \ 186. Preclusive purchasing* t9 }( R% O) l& _) J9 h
187. Seizure of assets7 A6 b( z8 e' V$ s$ G9 u' Q Q
188. Dumping
1 X/ r6 D% ?4 ~7 |9 s% `# a 189. Selective patronage0 q0 a. \' g# k) \5 ^# e. e8 _
190. Alternative markets; H$ G8 s( [* |
191. Alternative transportation systems
, j2 j" g3 K1 e1 F 192. Alternative economic institutions6 e1 G/ {; g) G9 M5 G
1 m, u- e I( q6 \
Political Intervention5 [# T# \; C' a1 E2 d
193. Overloading of administrative systems* S/ |# ?8 m2 x5 H- I
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 c4 b8 ^% p8 Z
195. Seeking imprisonment
! t4 W& ]/ I* w" @3 l$ g 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 _! K7 i3 Y) t 197. Work-on without collaboration" f1 `) m' h* S& C- W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 ?0 T+ ]" G3 ^+ Q- n
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
