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0 B6 k* ]- }3 x! J. Zhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688 `6 x* M1 j2 f+ u. _
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
! F# H J7 i3 g( V5 V- ?& @4 {YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of; A( P8 v" L) B* J
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.4 R* j2 e( _8 ~4 ~; z
5 b7 I- _9 T0 PLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of" N7 d: {5 t( B0 ?- A" W$ r
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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* q# c p, v ~Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
" i% k% l7 {1 N8 ?9 f. LReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20189 |! u' Q! T. _( F) B) f
Published online 26 January 20187 {0 [7 d4 _3 G0 h! E+ k
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Abstract- q) J$ I. G6 x9 X+ n1 _, D
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing& B/ |% {* t8 k) C
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The# e. Q9 G5 U* N7 I; S& f2 y
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been* b5 X# g9 X# ^. U" U4 K3 ?5 N2 n% _
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not0 \6 W! F5 g# z* _6 U. N+ E" G$ J2 j
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
+ h" S9 {8 i5 J$ _works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly- y% E. C) a1 Z# s9 l
to the standardization of the scientific terminology }, X# y1 H9 y' G/ q# [ k
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
' Q1 F H4 Z$ K4 e* |# Q: X0 N0 Vscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
) u% L" J. L; \8 Jand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
/ X% N( r7 ]' _standardization of the scientific terminology translation% W% t, n; }! D
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien( @1 { K& u* l. Z! v4 B' K% U
he established had helped greatly with the popularization7 X# D& u: E$ d# K. C5 V* Z
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
8 X6 @3 H3 X* w S1 wthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
2 f$ T: b. {# j! p; c0 Afor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and6 ]3 ^ w" \' Z( _( J" m8 d: H
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
2 w# O" D$ U2 \4 X/ Dgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
& ~- n: v% |6 E2 Q1 Vterminology.
) f* n* ?( G% ZKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;- ?4 \' z# V8 @; t0 T
Standardization of terminology translation
$ x5 l/ q. Z y$ S: KYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to3 Q% v' w" {7 t- w$ d8 I5 j
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
h, Z: M% w& n0 x" x1 p; t7 [8 SChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
9 X _) y& K7 h+ ~4 @from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
. J- M& ]4 ]/ {8 Z; U) d$ J/ {DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION1 i) D# Z1 g0 \) x
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and3 ?8 `2 u! @- x
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).- i9 K& i8 n% f
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
0 @+ J, h9 Y5 p mHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of1 H9 y' ]1 O0 T) _
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
# n5 \: @# s$ O, R1 s& A8 [& oby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
& E0 \2 d% O4 e6 ?2 U2 I! N) Kan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
7 ?" u- R1 X! {% H( bhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
- r$ M0 }4 `! d4 x+ Q& L( n; c1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific, }8 X7 ]) g: c1 p
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,1 ~- e, X2 ^2 R) t! @" E
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
% X" W9 w. _( U0 FNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
0 n7 s5 e/ U" e5 r. ]to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant/ I8 `) N" `/ B
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
9 D: q: s4 ~2 a" j4 {$ yrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,2 q( l' e1 ~8 f. H
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western" {9 m' h& @7 S2 a. u# D7 f4 N
books that made him the most productive one among the; b9 G% z& a, O
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
# w1 ~: u8 B* P. [translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a9 |, d0 H/ p3 R( \& T: N1 y- V
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
) w: x: V0 v; |6 B! @" tpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
: U/ }% d- G) i8 d; AIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer/ ^: P' O: Y' v' M/ g% o
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western6 I( Z5 M. G2 ?, V, C" U1 K
science and the standardization of translated scientific7 x& u! X& ~- m, D
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
5 @" X: K, n- j+ X) _magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
: r+ C# ? Q/ ~3 Q, Y% G% |" `establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
9 j9 k& X8 V) I( \5 ^9 a, mcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series0 c& x- r& b7 o8 D ?0 t% |
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
/ A% J) P# {+ l# bModern China.0 Y8 Y, Y' u; c$ s
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
, ~1 m! T; L3 X7 m' |: |1 ^2 _The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of. q! i! _0 d! A' ^
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
* P5 O0 x$ b( p$ Z3 Q8 @% {, @; A4 |a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
+ u) `/ Y u* hJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
7 W7 d$ F2 G; LTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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