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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 : R6 I+ S( \- x5 C) O' s: A
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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688# J% R) K% g+ q- W
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China3 s0 i, W% R" U! W. @# {4 L
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
* ?0 E' W: u7 p) V. B3 _0 L7 OFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of( z" Y/ l& B1 Z" p
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.& o2 X V7 V* ^8 ?/ l
4 k+ @9 V$ V, N/ |, B$ DSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .% v4 T3 D L: e
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018& O: | z1 L' b0 w
Published online 26 January 2018
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1 \8 T/ ^# o) TAbstract# p3 @6 \0 Y0 P: t, r
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
+ R+ v$ T+ d. t4 w. C& TDynasty who came to China and was employed by The7 {" B8 @. X" A) {8 C7 P3 }
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been0 R6 R( j8 W3 b' U
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not) R/ l! s% e, @
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
4 K. F3 B# N! u! w( }% _works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly6 V x5 Y7 A# b; v
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
3 I p( w- O: N6 xtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s! x7 w: z/ G- b$ W8 C7 l p8 g
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,& s& i5 o3 `: y1 L2 |
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the9 A1 M( d7 v% G% D
standardization of the scientific terminology translation% t$ e8 W0 W6 s, R: Z
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
, A/ c* w, X0 V/ c9 j9 n$ v- Qhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
+ R L& n0 F. | gof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
& T: w0 v6 n( O1 }1 [; R# Xthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way: z" ^6 {9 b/ P$ o- ?5 X% y
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and: I/ S2 }& T# S( o" D
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a' X/ l/ P7 u' q+ n7 N f6 }
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific7 O( V) M% o0 w5 Y! q1 E
terminology.
, C1 K( |: X6 r8 G; PKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;! }9 [9 y1 r3 ]- {$ `' f. r
Standardization of terminology translation7 h- s: T* S' T9 L( c* |/ A# t
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to, |' B% l! C0 J1 t4 g
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern0 b# K2 l3 b$ h0 _# \ a
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available( z* T N' H, h" h) M6 r% q
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213$ `$ M2 p, h9 |/ U4 r
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
1 |* ]( t8 o8 E/ i/ t# AJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
6 r% N; k6 F) m# S, p( t2 Ua great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
6 T' G% L5 q- {Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to/ E- \7 o- F. n* M
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
2 T, P n: p. c2 oSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed# C: m- ^3 Z1 K
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as+ A* j2 ^0 h9 U, d$ H6 }* |; j
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on8 W4 R# Q6 t1 [; \3 k
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-* Q) b+ V$ A5 T: S' M2 a$ N/ o% {/ A
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific+ F2 ~! A1 s3 L0 b0 d
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
7 k( j& F" X8 _; V& f7 Q1 wFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.5 M1 \# G" o1 |& M
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated$ i" ?3 V% C2 _7 [* ?
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant* b5 J0 g* U- A1 {6 C- i6 N
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
, G. G) q" j/ n, d* V; n& qrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,9 X% J% p) o/ d2 v+ y& {" ?
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
- ?5 u, u& H3 M' }" q- N3 n( G7 S: Nbooks that made him the most productive one among the6 O) _/ s8 x5 D9 ^% O
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,/ n* X5 f4 V' F' }9 _9 f- o
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a# x( z3 E' i" w/ Y; r
noble work which could help accelerate the process of& Y# D$ \$ G4 G2 v. J
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
3 w9 G" P7 b4 m( M4 GIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer8 c+ O% B& p: e1 x
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
) Z$ {$ q, Y0 }science and the standardization of translated scientific
( q ?- s# ^$ sterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
2 H7 j( o4 s9 _" \magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the; x' Y9 }0 c& I
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
9 Q9 U. z) j, E6 ^" q0 Z+ U) Y1 xcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series. T6 D# f" F: j( A- X1 N
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
/ \$ W9 V. H) B4 h( A7 J& b' n" n6 IModern China.
9 n* ^9 W9 B" `9 j fAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published5 t. l7 K# i5 a+ z
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
# P8 u6 n7 D+ ~" s# c) l/ E) U' Atravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
1 d( V! `0 J o$ T* d! F* fa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In/ ^$ J$ c* l7 Q( m, z' u. T
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and; Q) c5 Z/ K; [) r# B! u( f
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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