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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688! P3 f9 D8 w( y3 ~
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China, E' Z4 O# L- p7 y$ j C/ ~* x. z$ J. q
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
0 M. [1 b+ g! h( `1 ^Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
( d! @" b9 e h- Q# f2 Y) [7 h O/ ~2 T. q
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
" T$ j0 o Z4 }; W+ j1 qFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.6 w9 u3 x' ~: d, L0 X8 P
6 f& y% F0 p5 Z$ j: b9 VSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
' A0 {. W4 v; E; H( zReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018& H8 U2 z) l& f+ T0 w1 s) q' i
Published online 26 January 2018" g. L1 r. w% k, z: V
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Abstract6 g0 Q3 v& c- Q! ^! I' M& M
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing& c/ P$ f5 Y; V3 I, o
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
5 c- u) f- E# S1 mTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
) H* X. o- J9 U# }engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
8 k7 @7 Y8 c2 I* o8 ?# fonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific s; P" J" A9 S- E
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly/ X# f) R1 k4 E
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
; d2 j8 Q7 P8 c7 i& Ctranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s, J3 A, B1 U% b: f
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,6 K+ q t' w& ?$ U3 n5 q
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the1 r4 I" f/ h. J7 }8 o! h
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
8 [: |3 c0 L" cin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
" X8 T" B) U N/ N7 A) {& Qhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
( t! k2 |. H2 \5 K+ {, Z1 d0 Z/ \of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
+ @$ d3 O- d. w0 S) m3 U/ L" p3 S* Ithe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way: v3 ?/ r) ?. x' O
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and' \' z5 e) [ t% V2 Y1 C
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a+ S0 G- j0 d+ S, S, t2 F
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific( ?2 ~- G! U. }& U: Q; u# a
terminology.$ y2 D" ~2 x; i7 X( c2 q
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
. g, L1 S6 O7 i7 g, Z# r6 uStandardization of terminology translation7 {# q: p- |: a, x; g/ ^1 y
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to1 q5 a" L, n! J: [
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
: O" y& s7 o& \% |# H' H- iChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available8 u8 {" C! o4 A1 d( j ^
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/ b3 y2 I; X4 k" E+ a, G
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213& z; G" _4 y0 [5 E; @6 s
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INTRODUCTION
# ^) n- y6 ^4 ]( T6 i. _3 x- MJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and9 U7 o" T7 o& Z9 \8 ^
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
6 ?* e4 m5 Q$ ?; nDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to# e* _" }+ _( U2 y
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of- {: ~- ~, ]& J1 z
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed+ M0 Z: [6 A! D0 q" B) ?
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
1 I5 Z8 v7 t8 g( `2 u tan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
+ y' P& m7 u. i9 c0 jhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
. b: R/ Y7 y2 r1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific/ D U# z2 A% A$ s5 @. C
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,( P: A% K: [2 m! b! [
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
! w1 x; _4 l: X) a5 D1 ]2 }Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated4 X7 c; z) M3 O
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
* f) W. G( _, Z \/ w# f% ]- Hwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
! g( I1 A7 W3 [+ A% h3 Drevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
6 t0 N' \( w3 Q6 c2 v4 MFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
. B; \1 p' g$ B/ fbooks that made him the most productive one among the8 A- _) z8 _0 J/ h
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,/ ~7 } w; B" Y
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
6 Q/ T [6 I1 T& T1 y' vnoble work which could help accelerate the process of4 l5 k6 J4 Z( K3 Q: c# J3 i5 n
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
4 F( N, B( {; d W* [* l! M$ }; JIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
2 a( Q1 r8 x7 K2 j8 S: Walso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western @& q& I* A' Q0 A: L# c) }6 I
science and the standardization of translated scientific
/ Y; v- y8 }( e+ ?terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
# Q- d6 M/ E! b" g# P3 @magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the. |( f' v8 \! }2 {
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
7 m, Y) k- e- ~; }! H8 J1 |contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series/ M8 c+ L" C+ E# z. b1 L3 M& O
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in; w/ L9 B) L# U1 d
Modern China. i; P4 N4 L9 E4 h3 A& i0 J
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
+ D& M, t4 E+ E- }The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of1 i* g d0 j, i! I. U
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
( U c5 F. U- b, }5 la lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In" ?, K( q4 f1 I$ V* u
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
; Q; h6 E; I) w) a) w/ c3 o4 N# GTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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