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How to figure a home's fundamental value5 T) X& o4 `" Q4 l8 P
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.. C. Y9 \, L: Y/ p) W p& E8 \* z
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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|( l$ l& r" P) D0 W; k' |To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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0 w2 z, w, F; k, WIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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( v$ M! V8 ~: F/ _& a u# J% jSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.; b- c! x1 |6 l0 ]0 \4 i- c
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.) m8 U+ b# j/ a' n2 W
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.9 q7 f( m: y7 N+ H# A3 K
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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4 A( a6 k" F2 ~% O$ GIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.# \# ]2 V8 c/ c
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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f0 v4 J9 z: q; L5 L1 Z) q7 n Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas - f0 L4 W' Q0 T) a0 p7 P- J- Z
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 ; p& u, k& s) s$ {: K1 J; b @
Boston 20.5 30.2
1 [9 F& o p/ d- L/ l7 `San Diego 22.8 29.7
% h; h) e8 Q# c. i, a5 N* t# ISan Francisco 23.8 27.2 8 G3 \& v* V- E4 D5 U7 [. F% y
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
5 q! w$ `7 Z% p4 N; VSeattle 20.4 25
/ ~( S) `5 `) Q T$ ^1 |Denver 17.7 23.7 8 X" G7 U6 t! R" J Q: Z2 }! _
New York 21.2 22.5 7 d. A, n* x% Y5 f0 S
Chicago 17.2 20.8 0 u# J' J9 ]8 J q: X4 a m
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 0 P Q* p1 e) A+ Q" t8 _4 O' q
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1 s4 }/ W0 M# `3 @5 ~! ?It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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% S. @4 K" V% J; N+ U5 bFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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