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How to figure a home's fundamental value
6 k- n/ _ s( T* u) oLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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$ k, E" K1 w7 Z" S. Z! [Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.4 j8 o- b7 f( S3 \$ v: A/ _* `
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.; e! c4 G1 K1 i: X+ {
, C% [3 E8 A2 l' b# `% Y2 ITo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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- u! R' z4 K" v1 x5 U: {$ f- R# b% qIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.' p4 U |4 L# p9 x# L6 |6 S- I" X
! O+ i" _/ i" [$ PSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.$ \$ ~( Q& N8 X) U& U
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.* m- B% o: A' i+ p& M
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.3 H2 b0 z2 R% B1 B
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. , }4 T1 e! O q5 b/ z
/ e( J. F A5 B gIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.4 x/ N9 w2 ^. a! Z. e
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.0 v: u* G5 C& b/ m$ v7 Q+ t/ K) q. u7 P
2 Y8 V+ p) X( l* S" c Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 3 D" b! u1 ^) J8 q( U8 x$ k$ S/ `* ^
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
2 {' \. L+ o0 ~6 u& nBoston 20.5 30.2 ) ^# q& h6 G4 O6 ^/ s. u$ s# x
San Diego 22.8 29.7
( c. b3 u) c2 R `San Francisco 23.8 27.2 - |7 |2 I$ E9 E
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 ' Q; G( i8 k/ F- Q" l5 S. }3 P' s
Seattle 20.4 25 & ?7 r) l4 E4 O! p9 _6 Y+ y
Denver 17.7 23.7
* j1 m2 g% L2 ?" H' T1 B; @New York 21.2 22.5
9 q4 [) }) L+ l6 G3 x3 O' uChicago 17.2 20.8 0 V# S% O& Q, V5 Z. j+ y
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 , p( w) L+ v* k* K* N* ~# g# K
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3 t' \! Z# Z9 YIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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, p H7 X+ ]6 [) O! T6 UFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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