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How to figure a home's fundamental value
0 H. {( U7 @4 O/ z. W3 B. GLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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5 v% [- Y1 Z; Z2 S9 o9 b4 kNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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7 ?1 e; A% }% m, I( z* T# ^To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:' W& y$ o$ F8 I3 }& [
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4 s% P: X; Y- q) @In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.# U' Y8 L% W( [7 ]2 X
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
8 ~, Q& ]8 r8 Q/ D0 G- o" zNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.1 O2 w# @, A: c4 @7 }; f" D
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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% I4 p: _' C' g$ Y1 yIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.. x+ g& r: D O1 U, Y
}- d! X& u- ]$ k$ W7 t& y+ WIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
# P! R n' x8 \- I9 O2 ~" _ Avg. 1988-2000 2001
: x- M9 ?: L+ n7 E: J2 V# L* V% o$ NBoston 20.5 30.2 & V) ?2 [0 a# A: O+ e& z
San Diego 22.8 29.7
) w' [( n3 R, Z x6 P. n3 l# }! P; OSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 7 G! e/ s% d# P- x0 F
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
! }# E+ M8 k7 Q' aSeattle 20.4 25 : I+ W o3 m8 W) c; ?7 `7 d- \
Denver 17.7 23.7 2 m8 I- r& a. i! ]7 }3 H5 \; x- ]1 N
New York 21.2 22.5
5 O2 |& i" x2 D6 ^4 WChicago 17.2 20.8 ; W3 c3 p5 j# ]3 C5 K- p
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 & i3 j7 h2 y4 t5 [5 e( B' w- D. L
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5 l5 C& |( h3 r5 J% M* SIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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2 h; {6 W) q# i' C+ ~From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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