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How to figure a home's fundamental value8 y# X$ X E, r3 x: ? e
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.+ ?9 P6 n/ ?9 g3 f* X% `
7 }6 e6 K8 F& j* x& I# aNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.0 p+ z2 r) @. L# ], B5 W
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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; Z, N; K' S. j7 sIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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- W# _' m# v4 x* J# s" CSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.. S1 K) o7 l+ y2 R: `
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.' K. d' }$ C7 ^5 ]3 U) _
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
0 w' ~5 i2 P9 t- C, O1 b( o8 VYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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& L; _. C5 n# G6 A ]2 E% }If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.) y' w, N: W, ^2 ~
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2
m, w% R+ G& o# N- M/ F7 WSan Diego 22.8 29.7 N" {. u* y3 U2 Q, D. \8 v) O
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
* x7 `; M1 X4 lLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 5 U7 f9 z! R6 H/ }" ]+ P' Y
Seattle 20.4 25
1 l& c# {# l* M) h" ~; M$ D# LDenver 17.7 23.7
/ J. g* t' s# N) L/ eNew York 21.2 22.5
7 F, g4 ]& Z: Z; P BChicago 17.2 20.8
' G" L9 ~) g! \! a( IWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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6 X6 F3 V8 X; B3 F, rIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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# |. y# v) @1 X, T! a5 aFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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