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| How to figure a home's fundamental value9 Y- o. A- g! d, l3 k/ h( q Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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 & _2 ?5 n6 Z* M+ ?" G4 ~3 c0 vNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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 Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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 To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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 In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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 San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.# m; X- z! G4 F" C; `& I
 San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
 ; V( _. I4 d* W) GNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
 - c2 u( T/ r1 F  V) D( q8 GYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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 If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.) Y3 A/ D6 {9 u; D! s
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 If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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 Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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 1 `, k! m3 O& Q- G6 RBoston  20.5 30.2
 , I* i# K' F# B! W0 fSan Diego  22.8 29.7 7 Q8 C# i% `! C# `- K- h
 San Francisco  23.8 27.2 " k+ k5 `+ k+ e* T$ U5 k
 Los Angeles  21.3 25.6 * a/ [: A- i* W2 ~; q3 V
 Seattle  20.4 25
 7 s; J- j0 m8 {, v" [5 MDenver  17.7 23.7 2 F4 X7 `; c; ^! X$ a9 v$ K
 New York  21.2 22.5
 7 K8 L/ \8 Z3 i3 i% M. d# E( ZChicago  17.2 20.8
 6 Y, r3 n9 U, u0 AWashington, D.C.  17.1 20.4
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 9 A5 ^8 [! @! ?; p& E9 f' SIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.: a# J/ e" a5 \) c- a
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 From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp
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