 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
How to figure a home's fundamental value1 a( m3 c7 y$ B: T& i" [
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
/ Z& A7 E: j9 B& f" |, h5 V2 g8 }
1 C. J4 \) H4 J% tNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.% {+ x9 g9 M6 Y
8 e* F1 X: p+ h }# aLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.4 \& J$ s# w9 ]9 z5 }% W
1 w# N. X" D2 o, M% Z% X5 [; j
To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
8 Z+ ]* m- j( k. x( q1 \$ V$ ~. B9 |! O8 _9 x/ u
/ F4 U9 |& p7 d' pIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
; i3 f2 s- l' K3 y' [) L
! n7 p! R& |' j3 _6 M4 QSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.) N# h3 | s7 k
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.* h2 t& }/ N% v/ ?; o- Z4 ?( E2 S2 b9 A5 s
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.+ N _, s d, U3 j2 c) Z
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 1 O1 I; }# R- o+ p
( A, f" D; Y5 J, l$ e1 U8 `, x
If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.) y5 ^* c# \: f
8 ^* X( r5 P7 D2 p+ v
If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
4 Z9 [8 R! S0 R9 _1 l, u
- e% Z! P5 R* L8 @# t7 d2 l Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
/ g9 k+ q! k* ?" t3 d0 ?9 r: w Avg. 1988-2000 2001
- P7 J8 }6 _# E- z, _ |0 KBoston 20.5 30.2 * h- n+ Z& _& y( P& a8 `! R
San Diego 22.8 29.7 ; ^: h. G% Q4 Q9 C" A9 n$ h+ P
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 % C) _1 h* d/ I& a( e
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 # e8 r y8 N: \8 b
Seattle 20.4 25
% V1 _4 s! e: g( @$ B6 lDenver 17.7 23.7
- s& c6 [) ~, f, tNew York 21.2 22.5
% e/ e" K+ t& `' B/ d- ]6 k0 H8 T" |Chicago 17.2 20.8
* w4 r. \4 n) B. D( H; n% ^; ^Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 # X6 r# P# b" Z# k/ y6 ^" B9 I8 `
, d; B; w K( h3 v6 U; {( G9 ~2 p
& ]% o' C1 M+ K0 y% c2 M8 }
It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.7 D+ A* q" h0 a; l. r: H
4 f f! l0 X% q9 d; h
' l$ c w* x" _$ D; P" a) s/ ]2 WFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
|