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How to figure a home's fundamental value# M# a+ x% w- u: P8 n, T
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.: |" w s( w8 Q2 c) \6 j
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.; Q! g8 V% I2 D% F+ ?: ?
+ G) \* S: t7 [. P* lTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:6 v ], ^ c( W3 l- q4 e
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% y, t; K9 E- L' F) jIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.2 H7 e2 H4 k, b9 Q2 G
" S9 K/ s4 t. W9 C2 B% BSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.. w. S, R6 |* Q2 s; u: Q8 }
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
6 o1 b6 ]0 q4 L7 ^6 WNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
2 A( c7 d# i$ ~) ^) s' WYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. : w( b2 b4 D" E' z
8 `3 Z z. j' T# F/ k) hIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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+ z! [$ K* h9 H4 |$ i/ y- f) rIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.. U5 |% d* S" P4 w
: L. q/ z. q! B# J Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ' G& M$ g* O3 O
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 0 u! O0 ]' G# C
Boston 20.5 30.2 9 A% w' s, p9 B! g" `
San Diego 22.8 29.7 9 t$ d; N" K5 W- z+ p/ G
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
2 z |9 v0 \3 ]" X) l& `/ ^Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 3 y& o. o) x4 G
Seattle 20.4 25
2 K; A* B0 u3 O$ {6 p% sDenver 17.7 23.7 5 |2 B$ D- Q0 z8 }
New York 21.2 22.5
( T1 {0 [ k! \6 Q N4 d+ \) RChicago 17.2 20.8 * |* n4 I3 ^( k/ C
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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+ ^# s) w0 L) W, c9 UIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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- j) A5 \0 |- \4 E4 B0 _' bFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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