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How to figure a home's fundamental value
: i( `) Y2 Y9 w: `2 |Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed. l# W; H1 h3 D6 Y& w7 Z
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently., q6 T. d! `! Q4 v2 b
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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9 R. f1 x k3 _# d) V/ i2 CIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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& p- s. F3 I; ^3 zSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
5 h0 s F8 l* c: R) X; P2 l7 ~San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.% q" u& c" k2 d1 j
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.! i. n2 I3 A; I# G0 x8 T7 @$ t
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. $ z3 G0 ?0 C+ r/ n$ j- ]
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.6 {; @; U% G C7 @ M* \
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.; r9 i1 D. a9 n* `' p" E7 l% L
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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0 \% \8 H) A- Y" S' n: qBoston 20.5 30.2 ' b3 ^, ?2 T: m* K) n
San Diego 22.8 29.7 - a- B9 m6 f7 I! G$ h
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
$ W1 r; W4 i5 h0 T% l( s `Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 5 v+ h8 a& J& z) d5 P4 O
Seattle 20.4 25 4 z; c7 V) s9 A9 z0 l
Denver 17.7 23.7 8 Z& E& f) ]' J$ _: G, k. }
New York 21.2 22.5 " s3 }3 W s# g# k& A, u5 L; c
Chicago 17.2 20.8
- K( F0 K' Y% P( y$ x B/ cWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 $ j4 P ^: c0 e- d/ s( Z# f" p
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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