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谈英语俚语- f4 T O [5 Z! a" v p
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$ ]3 x* Y0 [' D9 t# q在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯" a0 _. F% y+ E {! ]+ L! z
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。 h, x* @- u- C. w7 v q
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!& R" ]5 R6 f. W' E+ \
3 N3 O3 W* W1 \! X(1) empty suit:$ Z4 ? b' J) `7 _$ {& j. G1 {5 ?, ~
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。: b E4 c6 G: r6 U j
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
! Q0 i, f( N* J4 C例如:
1 a8 _/ ]; C( M8 H; uAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
- P9 ?( R1 B( Q# M) x(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)$ `" H2 z7 U8 Z9 _) a. A) D. g
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.# T; _8 ^5 p6 N# U# U3 e1 n
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
& P- W9 ~; u- r% [虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:" h. X; g$ f& X ?5 k- F% v
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
V( F* a ?4 J/ a" ~(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
1 W. ^% ?- o, ^4 g(2) fair-haired boy:
4 ~9 }4 V1 {& S+ C; l* O指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
, M. F; \% l+ B, f( ](通常用单数,当名词用)
6 l2 P( v+ ?) I例如:
- O7 T* J. i J3 d8 M1 ?9 u0 h g' OMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
' @* X# Q7 J/ C' _; d9 n4 Q( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)& M5 k2 X J& Q6 s
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions., M* b% j! ~* J3 G, S. [
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。); D& p* K* c+ t/ m/ S: H
有时也可用复数:3 g8 J% J+ b; I! @ `4 [
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.- F, Y( r% F$ J6 x" b' O' ^# d8 m# j
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
/ b* v" C& h1 S7 Z) p* DFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.3 w2 }, T9 I- m
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)5 i ?; H/ n2 R" Q" \: B
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)8 E, s) y w7 k8 ? V
(3) fishing expedition:2 P% J/ b+ H. W; f+ s" w
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
2 E7 a) h( a! f. J( F(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
! C9 N% l4 k B% a1 y% _6 }例如:
4 \! _! K* s0 Q, }. i. Z+ c# H: ^The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.2 n, }2 m3 o- k }% I- _1 {6 Z9 r: h
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。); y+ J$ J; E) z0 k7 J
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.8 X' y3 n; A2 _9 I
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)# D0 o- A' C1 _' c) G# [/ p6 Z q- R
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)% N7 r1 k- F8 d* H) H9 l
The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
( i) G9 H2 |5 f5 Z4 Q, H4 R1 ^" d(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
9 I% g# a5 m: M偶尔也有人用复数:, _/ Y. x7 E9 ?: v1 I: |
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.0 _. e5 ^3 M; s! S1 T7 Z; k
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)2 A" L& J- R0 ?9 _* k
(4) filthy rich:4 ^) u m3 \+ S& O Y' |& A
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)7 A2 R; x. S$ U4 z" J! [
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
+ [: F9 v! C4 t; I1 K4 W! Z多半当形容词用。例如:
. J: s( X4 i y. CWith a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich. U& B# w7 H! n3 Z2 p7 Y& R
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)- o( |% K2 u+ `- E3 r& i2 y2 F( W
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.3 n' Z* I4 r1 W. `* u" |0 n# Z
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
/ a( O6 H/ ]' j, R% [A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
' f" p( `4 }6 v(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)0 [. Z6 N* N; x/ Q+ R+ T
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
$ s! _. l# r5 }, ^) L( d(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。). p: X, L, s- B4 w, j1 u
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)+ U/ ^% n" s7 K9 S( E
(5) fairy godmother:# M+ ?: Y. @* Y9 M
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)+ Q* D1 P( ^6 B9 X* g
(多半指有钱的女人)& u3 c& N% c5 V
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:. x3 U; {7 j) l# }) Z
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars. a$ O" L, q) {8 W1 ]( x- O; h; e( M5 G
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
* b8 E' K* J6 N1 IAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
2 G4 {1 H) X3 H0 H, s" Q! |(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
3 e9 _/ f/ V' ~有时也用复数:
2 |: i$ C& z0 P) \Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.
; L( D" W9 \$ F(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
0 _! R. ], j6 f8 `* w2 E; SIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered. x& d& b# d, q
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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# _+ Y4 W2 U0 s- H" h. V+ p' K6)eye opener:6 h9 ]8 H/ C O9 \9 |! W
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
. b9 y1 p2 A1 E0 K, T(当名词用;通常只用单数)
" r8 J R& R- c+ L1 l3 }& ?: J1 ^# M例如:- l5 ^; J. v7 C0 _! M0 I d0 f; p
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.* f. j1 e, T1 u& Z5 o
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
. }2 {1 ^; |' ]Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener. j8 z6 o1 M% b
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。) q% y* Z3 |/ @1 A3 E, [* a2 M3 ?
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
: ]4 I8 {2 q- x3 X1 D4 p6 u/ @(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
`0 R, n. d' ^3 ?: y kSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
' ^+ f4 h( K( S(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
8 v# l+ x/ _* ~+ p2 h8 s U) c6 p(7) hot dog:
6 Q0 R4 D, S; [6 x指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
( T7 b8 l8 L+ \$ N8 J) J) Y1 C例如:
# J1 ~- j; w7 x0 K8 d& n5 b" TSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
) e8 r; R4 l- u: m7 \, ~(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
7 ^' c. U/ N, j5 {2 l g+ t! z(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers); D5 `7 W# G3 }# Q
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.' z& G* ]8 z- Y2 n
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)# E% r& f( ~0 C# M* e% O+ d
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
% e, a: B+ V6 D/ Y; H4 _; m# EDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
4 X6 J: v+ F! l. `0 m+ r1 x(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
4 X6 A$ J6 a: a k/ Y. w也指真正的热狗食物:* u! i3 p* ?) H( Y
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S. P' U. W" N9 a, a. Z4 o5 L$ Y
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)8 E/ E/ h% V; L+ i& F3 V+ l @
也可表达欣赏的心情:
& u& _- I, b3 d6 F. C) n9 U# eHot dog ! What great news for me., t I3 D3 s- U/ K
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
4 u" C; z3 ~9 [3 o% F3 w(8)eager beaver:! u3 M+ j0 q5 }, o( C
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)' O7 @* P- W( _. R8 y
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。), s `) r9 Z8 y& |9 L
(当名词用,可指男女)8 e! b* N4 U1 z! Q2 ?3 I. I
例如:
. ~; Q6 s0 K7 F9 ?; dJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
5 f% T; n2 d$ \% e! L z(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)7 a+ |% Y3 N1 ?, d; ~1 e# w
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
1 m+ _" v9 D3 F4 A4 }& j+ M7 L(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。) c1 m6 \, P* n; g; E6 G
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
! u7 j3 P/ e- K$ D7 J4 p(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
/ D$ }3 u. T2 ?* f8 ?7 i7 zYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
/ t+ D: G0 ~. U6 x(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
5 j* v) a0 q0 L6 z(9)doubting Thomas:
% g3 I& t. q4 f: M6 h这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)! D7 u, \" S# x+ M# ~8 ?; h
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)+ f3 q; S' ` R. I8 i
(当名词用): f. @+ |' }/ h: r( C: e+ F
例如:
' j6 B+ L1 F, a* `. ~I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise./ ?2 O7 p+ |. M8 |! }- t* o8 h
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)9 Y. K3 p# |6 N5 `. J0 i, i* x; ^
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
" a/ w5 ?- R9 T: C% A& @+ l(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
" w% t- b- \3 `- J3 K也可用复数:
. y2 Y4 V/ V: f, Y9 V7 [5 kMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.* i# l- k7 ^/ P& i" P' a, B! k
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)! z* X2 r3 S" Q. W: n
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
$ n9 e( d5 g3 W& v% i$ Y) Z8 ~(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)' o! G- V( `. t- v: R
(10)dragon lady:
- j" }) L( N1 t' w指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
* v2 t, _6 s/ {- W0 A- w% }1 r" l' g例如:
* d' C" P5 W- ~- ^The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady." _8 Z; C8 @' @1 ^4 m
(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)+ _& ~# c+ c: I5 n n! w# L9 k
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
+ k: P( b4 x, G1 }& m(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
2 @- n: X! C" B1 l* F/ |2 K% e7 \4 X4 CShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
7 g, l$ j. K6 F: l$ L(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)8 q/ a+ m6 r5 c& |( n' q$ L
也可用复数:" K6 Q h6 }; r# z
There may be many dragon ladies in our community.
( M! C' V0 ^6 o! v& X9 m' _. W. l(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
+ u7 Q/ n' [8 Q4 T; Z3 `5 L7 m' {注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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