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谈英语俚语
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. O$ h* j/ Z5 o; ~& ~- B7 ]7 ~在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
- S) n# R6 u5 I+ m2 O& y之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
) r3 h4 h& j/ J+ p" B) V* j若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!8 x! Q) h5 @- t9 d7 K+ G0 h4 c
) I( T2 O# X( V% j) M(1) empty suit:" r: F3 T* u. I( E' \
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。/ F! X" ^3 R2 D
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。), z0 E5 E. C* D
例如:, ~4 ]0 s. |$ @ M+ s
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.( D- l4 H$ H. F$ {( e$ p
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
$ _( H8 h" `& G* k4 M9 hMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
( D, {& J) {! n/ u(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)$ V9 {3 f$ Y. D
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
& [" F. H# m" p' V8 CThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.6 K7 X9 H: q& _+ A
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)6 c$ \, V) g# s/ x* }6 V
(2) fair-haired boy:8 e# ^4 @/ P& [
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)' }9 e: O- j; }4 f# O. l- N5 R
(通常用单数,当名词用)) @, o" e* k- {" u' {
例如:$ ]/ L' b {( N3 X
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.' M; W+ _( X6 _ o1 Q
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)! }0 e( C) I/ a" h% _* I; P
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
. O. V2 h2 F" @, ~9 J4 b8 Z(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
# V2 Z/ T( b( { n$ Y/ \有时也可用复数:
9 i* ?. P" `/ \1 m/ z" E5 vMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.
. k7 [. j2 [! ?/ c9 l% X; o& y6 G(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
6 U0 C' G/ V( `+ f# u( `7 I& bFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.+ a5 h1 }. b+ y$ _$ |9 W$ l$ `
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
7 s: c- f$ Y0 Z3 m; h- q* I(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)" q; r; |) o/ k
(3) fishing expedition:" s" M1 k/ g @$ e0 G+ {* p
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)/ D6 y6 Y; m7 X6 C9 b- k; K
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
2 O a6 `7 {1 Y5 q- a例如:
2 i+ W1 _. M( z, W! e2 Z( SThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
& b* E- c: W3 I% r, a' E(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)( @* G6 D+ v6 L
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
3 ?3 o' p% u; q* O(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
& u) }3 W9 ?' F. q# o! i Q(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)4 F* y" Y' g6 ~9 K
The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
. h; O! [7 L2 s+ x5 Q) o(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
" O. m) I# c) d! X$ F偶尔也有人用复数:
" r' x( e! T& E& I; o/ y1 sSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
; y% P% d& j4 C% ?1 r(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)1 j$ ~; R' W. @/ Z3 z, n7 I% z' s
(4) filthy rich:
) A0 X9 I' p' D意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
/ Z9 z) f$ R, Z(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
& j1 K2 a6 w' }0 E' C8 u; q( |多半当形容词用。例如:" m' J1 C* A( @& G( p Q. s! S
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
5 ]* F- z% P* `; c" `# g7 Y( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。); M) ^. K, |- C. Y- T
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
3 {9 N4 H+ ~7 w% t2 ~' W7 c) Y/ p(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
# Q5 k5 a5 y" C0 y1 rA filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
9 }7 ^7 `; {* x$ i5 s- o(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)- l: J/ z' l/ I, g: h2 T! H
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
5 L; b; O0 Q7 M1 I& \; O. z. k(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)! y/ C$ f% K, x) @" t" i5 e3 ]
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
2 |) _- ?% t4 y4 N, q9 V, G/ R(5) fairy godmother:
* J+ u0 B- v. H4 J指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
2 G# C7 h! S6 f* O$ a3 [(多半指有钱的女人)
{6 U0 a1 Y9 S, J5 R5 `* l$ Q# U(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
5 W O3 P1 K* s) J! MMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
! i4 ~1 w- w% D0 b. I(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
m, u6 a' W/ Z6 s# r& Y! e+ rAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
3 X% Y. w" C0 x2 ~+ U* U(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
5 N! ^8 Y' \8 Q/ K# G有时也用复数:
+ C% r# t8 j: _# i/ H9 tOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.( Y* P8 J v* U. c% |+ o' n) a
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
5 X! f3 X+ e2 FIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.+ X3 k5 W& h. t/ A# ?2 t9 K
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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6)eye opener:) z/ \ v- G9 u) p3 d8 g8 O
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
/ w. A5 \+ x; `1 T4 M(当名词用;通常只用单数)1 i! z, w2 Y" Q' ]7 N2 `
例如:
, k" p/ A- |/ Y7 k8 F1 \3 b# s0 sYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
( E& j: r2 c4 y; E0 i, O! j(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
" I& Q! d& B3 o* c9 o( `; q! V3 TMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.: B- C5 A! `7 L# m( D- l* B4 P q3 I+ N
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
T, i- {8 g( k" i2 g, t) {# ~The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.2 d C/ ~ X( z# p) p7 b+ @; _ w
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
% N6 @8 E) r: E( N* T3 rSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
+ i7 V, V$ B% q7 Z% R+ w(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
: H4 _: V) ?- w7 R- Y(7) hot dog:! I/ q5 t1 ~% X, Q" Y
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)- a0 i5 \% m, N- K( n
例如:& F: Y) b+ `0 f. E% q$ s
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.. e2 h& i4 m! A* m8 d
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)" n! K' y- G5 q! J& q) ?/ D
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
# C! ?9 J% l- u; X: yIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.5 q* {3 J* X' [
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)1 P0 }4 o7 i' {" B
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
* o5 a1 @* C0 f4 LDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
$ e) ^, f- l& ?& U; @# k(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
* e) G A5 L4 _, [# F0 j- w- V8 f H也指真正的热狗食物:
4 N) ~# V* t8 AThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
9 }2 O& |5 y7 @4 F5 G3 P; n(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。). C. u6 \1 {- ]7 u, v+ i
也可表达欣赏的心情:3 }6 } u. Z1 x. C+ l+ a. p: E
Hot dog ! What great news for me.
1 q" b/ d9 K- g4 r: N, t) [6 H! d(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
* P, E7 V" C" }(8)eager beaver:" H4 L0 W4 k. D8 o3 x9 I0 ^
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
, i4 \; }6 p q+ |(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
+ R5 v% x6 p$ ?! f5 w3 q" J$ O$ P(当名词用,可指男女)- E+ s: I$ d5 p2 Y. ]
例如:
6 e6 B0 t; D, A6 ^% H1 QJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.0 v2 B! p+ E) S3 ]% ~0 L
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。) U( V t1 z" h, t% q" f
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.! P! f4 p/ @' R/ [3 D
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
& F. Y" X) [- `7 R' G# @+ o8 O0 F' wDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?3 j; T3 j4 k% X3 m* \% A
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?) Q' }( r: Y/ m. ?
You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
" d" A6 K$ G$ e7 j- L(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
+ w3 ~0 U6 r& K- K. ^(9)doubting Thomas:6 g( S5 c' o6 R9 v
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)) B1 f$ O7 c8 F9 e& l4 @
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
' }" N/ b( ^. P(当名词用)) q- f9 g& Z& y9 n+ m
例如:
Y/ \$ p$ V. k* mI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.' H7 @! @3 C& d1 I
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
5 z9 `8 {" Y3 ?$ b* cThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.) n) A9 V6 f: h2 I" j% t: s
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
# P* H, D# ?5 T7 j也可用复数:
9 }' [1 m h" D, u, DMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.7 k- S# Y u# H7 W5 Y2 Q. |
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)$ H/ }& G. P- F6 p1 f
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another./ j o: [! G) c
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
R! ~, F# `6 O7 v* h) C6 ^, _(10)dragon lady:
& u. O3 ]" K7 N$ J, R指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)( o) X) M! T% h
例如:
* }5 I& \/ C6 ?3 JThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.4 k4 j; m# U# q8 [' y
(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)! c5 n G0 y3 i% g% e* {5 y+ b
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.0 j2 I/ }' c K; d2 \" W
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
+ f1 l1 b* j' sShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
' Z9 ]0 R; p! V, T9 w2 f(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
' F/ i( u H6 `! V2 ]也可用复数:: g* q3 i, d# u& ?* {" c3 p
There may be many dragon ladies in our community.' ^, O! T& i- C
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
( P6 G8 N+ Y$ |) d- R# [- d. n注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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