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谈英语俚语; N- z$ A# o2 V) J4 `5 b" A
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8 c2 ]" q+ N7 @6 O6 j在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯, a4 h' E$ d1 }5 p% U" F
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
) D7 X; I6 O1 C7 z5 u) }$ h若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!% J) s& G5 X5 r4 j. B, Q8 e
& J# c2 P. U- ?' V' e m" d(1) empty suit:! H: @' Q0 U$ n( [9 U1 i
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
: B1 T* _0 `! U8 W0 s8 L(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
# S* g- d! e9 y例如:
# {. D3 `; `+ HAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
6 `/ j6 ]& D& x, @1 r7 V(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
; ~) J) p! W$ c, YMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
# e4 N, D, w5 P& R, z8 B8 ^9 B(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)3 t V" U+ G, q: P( p
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:% |: J& G" C/ R& m7 I
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.( y% ? }/ I& @+ m7 O4 x2 @
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)7 Q$ t' X- \. U
(2) fair-haired boy:
- G8 t1 m2 I1 n- W; C3 R指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
; H. d+ D0 F0 c0 Q( R(通常用单数,当名词用)6 ]3 ]' j1 h3 ~
例如:! x f5 ?% F2 L8 Z" d2 c# N- c
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.: o6 z% p6 F' q0 D8 [. Y1 U2 r
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)- _( r" c* n) z' ^7 ]
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions." A8 X$ \" O; V6 V# b
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
3 ?8 i7 x( X& m5 G# j% s0 |有时也可用复数:
/ \- G+ N: a' y3 K/ r& D( ^ P$ xMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet. ^# `) K2 Z6 D+ W: m0 X% o
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
1 E9 [6 N# b; g+ kFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
9 L7 ~+ j- P' j. x$ ^(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
, m1 J% F0 o6 Y$ Q; ^(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
5 V* l1 y1 V2 f2 J& m7 C! v/ j(3) fishing expedition:
: P* l/ f" A/ K) _" r为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
: |7 u* |! S; }9 D(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
- X" [; g8 D, R$ a例如:
; \" q2 o4 ?" e; xThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
8 }, |" z# Q' U; N(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)3 m. h, `4 n# i/ S' X
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
. U8 b2 n4 L* b# k2 L0 j8 F$ d- @(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
5 _. } G9 e; |2 R2 D+ {( h(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
+ @$ c/ B& |) VThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
8 u( k5 F, ?5 R1 c- i(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
9 r( d8 j1 V( r; d偶尔也有人用复数:
; z0 W, q. J% d5 ^" D4 T) qSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
% R: A! g U3 @( ?) F( N/ V(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。); r9 P. {( d9 ]! {* j6 h
(4) filthy rich:7 A0 G/ X h' F
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)+ F% w5 U( [* t6 Z) O, x4 j
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)5 R! J+ q D8 r, \) q
多半当形容词用。例如:
) m; m% n& c. B, U: S. m. ]. N6 \. sWith a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
7 Y0 c M* R! M$ }$ d5 k0 V( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
- G3 q! S- O" |: i) aDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.) o$ V7 g5 t4 z* p; ^! ^8 v. ]5 F, I
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)) w o2 }9 ~: d; i& w
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.# h: e- [# ~4 S$ J
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。). S/ Y r( v* ~0 e6 P
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
2 e. n D2 }' r/ b5 g/ Q$ p" {(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)
% {- A" j, S" }(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
+ Y* N" |' q. |2 L(5) fairy godmother:
* I D, S/ A( {5 w/ l指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
: G3 n! B: h/ ^7 p: ~+ _; Z(多半指有钱的女人)( W* T. j$ G4 p' e6 i& T
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:3 _" S, J( \! ^. X
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars. {- B3 ]6 N% p t( @9 A
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
2 \8 ]7 E& T0 O0 n" WAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.( L# y% b1 ~. r$ D* |
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。), J2 i8 V9 v+ M$ k- }8 i
有时也用复数:
: J* D+ x/ I" I$ T3 ^0 q" }Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.
( @3 D u& w* |/ D6 I(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
7 O, a6 C, W" YIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.7 W# M. I7 ]3 Y$ A3 D
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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6)eye opener:9 H H! n( I6 ~( l9 V, x/ n- y
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)/ k5 ]' t, o2 G; c( t. F6 z4 [
(当名词用;通常只用单数) u! f) x( y/ C# R) D) O8 x8 i
例如:
% ]3 K% @& x9 l }5 b; y% H1 N8 rYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
% A) u6 D; x: M T* t(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
: M3 F8 D/ d( w3 j& eMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.- \, z1 w# _3 V* d! }' F3 Z
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
( A) W$ n" Q- } [3 q: CThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.; A: r9 @, u7 F5 ~
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)- |: a1 D9 t* \5 g
Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.( e4 F# E6 t7 C7 Z3 r
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
" ?9 o( B% ~/ g7 u3 A; n8 X/ k(7) hot dog: \/ D; m/ A9 o% x/ H
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用) c+ H9 W4 i3 e' j& ^
例如:, t) |: C7 h& F/ v/ c$ s
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
7 ^9 n" K2 w) w(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
2 t( \# p) z* v4 n+ h% W4 Y. R; s, q: Z, f(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
9 {' j' B- y5 L3 KIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.; p3 `1 S7 V2 n7 u; ^4 E7 j( i) \
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
, m. j* j( X- Q3 J( `, G# Q! f- n& t(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging): z8 Z- y1 k a( @3 p
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer., S& |- X* I" w' _3 h
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
0 X' L1 x" v4 j& V2 ~; o) N5 L! Q8 r也指真正的热狗食物:
$ S7 D% d+ C9 i5 XThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
# l K6 u, ]9 Y(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
# w; y% h$ _/ I8 x也可表达欣赏的心情:
1 f! M6 c+ n" s9 SHot dog ! What great news for me.. o% p) g1 `4 H# |2 {8 [
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
1 L# ]3 Z% ~" p8 v+ l(8)eager beaver:& U8 Q) t; t6 m6 E- D% N. l
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)2 B" r" o' z) o; \
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
% U0 b# D: E7 c" j, ?5 w4 ] m(当名词用,可指男女)6 [6 h# L3 ~; F& S
例如:
; Q2 }+ F& O" T0 i6 _John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late. s+ L" m6 _; J
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。) u# p( b3 g( M7 X) R
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.7 @3 X' I( H% u/ w
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
: k% @2 d' c. n/ h; W& eDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
# N% f5 _+ S( G0 R7 F4 Z0 F(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
: }; y4 M# @' |You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
( \) ]. t6 Y6 p3 | C7 \$ m& o(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)3 s4 _% E& j4 A6 c8 @
(9)doubting Thomas:9 P/ R6 z2 R8 u/ g* c
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)% P4 ?4 D3 N* O
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
% m6 J, p! ^0 t# b, h(当名词用); K5 G' D$ j& C8 L) B1 e9 |$ p9 ]. n
例如:
# M( H: s; |: A- J1 ~I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.$ E- o- p- ^8 ^/ b! \5 B
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
& y) s+ F: |+ |8 L2 i$ VThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
- L# h! e$ b/ `& D(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
; A% j* l3 J8 G" M* E也可用复数:5 B* }! p0 G. j- c
My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.) ^* d6 ?9 O$ h# i: F- u
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
3 q7 s7 }: T: p2 FIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.) }" Z$ D2 R4 h }9 L6 v
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。), q9 M- {' f0 p5 u
(10)dragon lady:' Y, ]' `1 G! g) ^0 H7 R. K) w
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
0 }* p. l; h) C0 ]1 E例如:
B9 X% v" A; R7 XThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
; V$ H! {. t+ `* U; |3 P(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)" a1 s6 E+ {5 p& ~. x
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.4 |, h9 e m' h: p& y3 e
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
/ Z6 t" r+ ]. L' f3 V2 Y( _5 YShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
/ t H) o+ m7 i& k(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
' | e3 c. J) x. m) E也可用复数:
; @- @5 L. s. VThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.
6 h5 I, w" y: I' l1 `1 l: m(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)/ h# q% \7 ~" n
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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