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Accounting system 会计系统
: @# N' ], l9 L; _9 S+ k% JAmerican Accounting Association 美国会计协会
4 A6 k: b' R! r$ F6 z. r' hAmerican Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会
' ]7 `4 {! h. UAudit 审计
; e! W: z' P( K, ?Balance sheet 资产负债表
' S: q0 ^) z6 P5 d: Z; ^Bookkeepking 簿记 " I" v$ w9 B; N
Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测
; ]7 X, |6 l. vCertificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书
) Y- k" R) J9 v: f+ j% `Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书 ) n$ q$ t: [) k
Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师 ; |8 X, c1 e n0 ? U
Cost accounting 成本会计
0 g$ I- R$ l8 v% I5 p. l- G! fExternal users 外部使用者 - {. l* y! g; s, z! h( H' D3 \4 _
Financial accounting 财务会计 $ M7 s! R' J3 b
Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会 + {4 h h4 f% ?1 `6 T
Financial forecast 财务预测 `" ~" u8 {/ o0 u" T
Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则
# f5 K! K1 F$ Y) X- a, `+ KGeneral-purpose information 通用目的信息 % m1 w8 E+ }& ~( s- d
Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室
/ L$ X0 {% L" CIncome statement 损益表
; d7 u6 y. v' H6 M/ H" D" w" fInstitute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会
( m# ]5 i3 ^- |/ G) M6 C6 YInstitute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 4 j: w6 C5 [6 }1 R
Integrity 整合性
( r4 B8 _' L, Z& j0 @% s- ~: c% W6 ?8 nInternal auditing 内部审计
/ P8 m: q0 L1 C- n! n1 d) P! AInternal control structure 内部控制结构
; u+ x4 ~! A \2 n$ d/ v' [Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署 , q4 r' O3 _; g: d
Internal users 内部使用者 7 i8 f, L% C& Q8 z9 W# w7 U' Y
Management accounting 管理会计
' J$ s" d* `& b0 P% f, Y. F8 zReturn of investment 投资回报 ; G* ^" c, w! A1 k
Return on investment 投资报酬
6 [# P2 ?/ v% k; y* C3 I$ nSecurities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会 W# x- l% R# C; S- H1 g. | E. s1 }
Statement of cash flow 现金流量表 # [4 I1 B: y4 [( q
Statement of financial position 财务状况表
, R9 n& X: R0 h" F+ N! BTax accounting 税务会计 5 k+ u3 w, C2 d* c, F3 C4 l
Accounting equation 会计等式
X9 o8 P- z6 B& C3 WArticulation 勾稽关系
6 ^; H) d. d# ]* W1 H7 `( o/ eAssets 资产 4 T/ V1 d3 y2 J/ `
Business entity 企业个体 * A4 o x4 V8 b5 D
Capital stock 股本 6 g" T& |1 t; T5 \; K7 d
Corporation 公司 & k% B& @/ H e! R
Cost principle 成本原则 , U C0 d2 q6 B
Creditor 债权人 0 S" v( g# H) k/ g7 H
Deflation 通货紧缩 ! V: j& f X& p3 J' b/ [7 L$ B2 M
Disclosure 批露
6 L* Y0 d: K. J( `- T5 X6 p: EExpenses 费用 ; n# o" `. \* Y4 k. H# c
Financial statement 财务报表 ) ^4 _; X3 Z. y# l* v
Financial activities 筹资活动
% ?; ^! y. j2 S# z0 hGoing-concern assumption 持续经营假设 0 D$ w0 a( c- g& r6 Y( c' _) c) m
Inflation 通货膨涨
* V' H+ ~9 d, xInvesting activities 投资活动
4 R! s0 H- q5 G3 _0 H k5 qLiabilities 负债
) k# u* @5 y rNegative cash flow 负现金流量 - M( s) Y6 B* m* M+ v5 P1 r
Operating activities 经营活动
h6 e! r5 w* Q) i' \7 t; ?2 bOwner's equity 所有者权益 ( Q* |/ ~/ ~( `* ~' D1 L1 Q
Partnership 合伙企业
; R/ T# c+ ]- d( Q0 g5 ]' O8 P/ oPositive cash flow 正现金流量
0 B! y9 C- t9 _; S- FRetained earning 留存利润
' x+ q: Q* q* k" U, [7 _9 pRevenue 收入 * `" n2 G6 b! K6 _( j3 l3 ~
Sole proprietorship 独资企业 3 K5 B+ _" M3 \, C) L
Solvency 清偿能力 # T, E; \2 O- X- b
Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设
* P4 z7 O5 n, X0 L" o6 nStockholders 股东
; R6 B' l/ Y- L+ k. }Stockholders' equity 股东权益 4 \2 S( y3 h0 N
Window dressing 门面粉饰
# A& @& ^. `! b, b6 G- A" w5 CAccount 帐户 * g/ s$ ?3 Z2 p. |( r7 `: W4 Y
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主营业务收入 Sales 9 W- N2 R# ~8 m- U, I& c- P
折扣与折让 Sales discount and allowance / z6 [6 o' r+ ~: w
# j# i. H/ W8 [* ]: t产品销售收入净额 NET SALES * h$ r# j% b% _/ P: h$ p+ F
5 K; ?7 |) q5 \' w" ]主营业务成本 Cost of sales
4 H3 o5 Y0 A& K主营业务税金及附加 Sales tax
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9 Q( V6 A- Y' ~# Z" B- x2 g主营业务利润 GROSS PROFIT 9 v4 Z6 E$ i1 B- t$ v2 N P+ L
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其他业务利润 Other operating profit - ]2 ]! {1 ~1 \5 t
9 H2 g6 E/ F% }8 t7 s! }营业费用 Operating expenses : g7 e: P# f/ @3 }; e
管理费用 General and administrative expenses % f7 x8 h; ` X" p' H4 c1 w
财务费用 Financial expenses
0 y: n% P3 |' ^, u* h存货跌价损失 Loss on obsolete stocks , `; P/ }. ?0 w4 t6 M
) U L: ~) E1 \, }营业利润 OPERATING INCOME 7 J. V( q% r5 ?) S! O
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投资收益 Investment income
3 d; M ?% Y1 e! K) ]补贴收入 Subsidy income - d) l0 N2 y( ~# C
营业外收入 Non-operating income
2 n$ D v# ~( l; r; d7 ^/ ?营业外支出 Non-operating expenses
$ B- w' H7 J! V ^9 w+ S$ T! E8 X5 b以前年度损益调整 Prior year's adjustment % V* H# l& X7 z2 S0 g
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利润总额 INCOME FOR THE YEAR
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; R% A5 r T8 g所得税 Income tax - h0 m) {8 m2 T2 V
, c: i5 P7 a' _; O本年净利润 NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR |
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