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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 $ ^. ]/ I: J* |6 s% _3 y4 M
- u ]4 B) G* p/ J5 o$ e. v: A2 @& w 这个全：
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) b; J! i. O: R4 @$ G0 sCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?8 I2 l, H/ q B' Y
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.! |6 V# o: y0 l( p' K: L
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.& O1 L# ~# G4 C$ s1 Z# g, b
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.+ v9 w" ], @8 Y4 b0 [) \& i
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.5 m& q( b/ D$ V o/ F* h, q0 ?
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
* u& k6 e0 W/ q5 u1 hThe country codes used are :) A0 M9 V( @, _9 A I; ~, l- i3 w4 B" u$ k
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CODE \COUNTRY7 |" z# e% K. X; ^
00-13 USA & Canada
: X* a: \" N# s4 \8 G20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets); ?( c. [2 K& j, K; _3 \3 K3 H
30-37 France. g1 ^- H* S3 `; U9 |! Q4 J M9 ?* R
380 Bulgaria
2 |% T1 I9 e8 b7 h: u J383 Slovenia
* p+ H" d! k4 N ]; ?, Z. J3 y385 Croatia
) B2 F2 r7 i6 c( R8 _387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
1 Y& N; W- p/ [9 a400-440 Germany
X0 W. ^0 J5 ?7 @: ?45 Japan7 s' @1 I9 ~' o* M$ K' y8 F
46 Russian Federation
( [6 ?. G5 U* g2 V471 Taiwan1 i+ k+ x. v6 P/ M, m4 h
474 Estonia! g" J4 a* u1 M4 Q7 o! s' E- K
475 Latvia
1 h& U3 W, ]# h- ?: a1 M476 Azerbaijan& J2 J- q- G4 W2 A! y4 C9 [( H% D
477 Lithuania
. Z- T% p$ W: ^0 T1 m# K3 B) Q# [478 Uzbekistan
9 h( Z5 M! `. z479 Sri Lanka) y1 R! v9 u3 }% X
480 Philippines- G! |! z# g2 t" X8 z$ N
481 Belarus
3 |8 o o; D8 s8 z2 Q2 t482 Ukraine
: ?1 \, s1 l: i9 e- m484 Moldova
5 e w: m: {# n9 s' t u. |5 q485 Armenia2 V7 f) o* V$ u, u p) N! W
486 Georgia3 M, p5 o( `$ g6 x- T- F
487 Kazakhstan
, J9 L j$ p+ ]+ p, L489 Hong Kong
- m8 A" c# s1 w8 Q, {2 T% O2 q49 Japan3 l# u+ V9 h) d' f1 G/ C
50 UK! A4 \- G6 z" Q5 `! y1 m0 q! g
520 Greece0 V/ \! n6 w8 J# n" _4 {9 E: n
528 Lebanon
( Y: R9 n+ ]4 F/ S2 r529 Cyprus% s: |3 i) o3 Q5 t) m8 `
531 Macedonia% \* h9 S6 R1 H! z5 S1 E% E7 u! t5 V8 }
535 Malta2 d+ M) x) P8 Z; u* E
539 Ireland$ T2 P; _% U$ r! p
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
B; e% u9 O& J% K, R6 t1 p- A560 Portugal
/ _6 Y( n5 b2 o/ D+ b7 a6 v) K569 Iceland% }# u) R9 P1 z0 t& W3 c% z
57 Denmark
( C; b2 B, n& H5 K, \! ^# X/ F6 R590 Poland1 H4 W5 ?% q8 k- X5 b3 H
594 Romania+ I }1 h5 x6 Q5 G* s7 B1 X/ y2 X6 Y
599 Hungary
4 l; Z5 [# N0 Y/ ]/ N600-601 South Africa
& y) r& u2 A4 ^! V609 Mauritius
3 T- L1 W- j( U8 u$ i* B3 ~611 Morocco7 T" r$ I" a0 ` G' m; a
613 Algeria+ x h! u3 J) D' s# e
619 Tunisia" q1 y) F( t7 |( U& y: p' t
621 Syria
, ^" N, x6 N& V622 Egypt
) B, K# W( w d$ L7 d624 Libya
( O+ T. m2 u! v9 a3 }8 T/ C; r625 Jordan
) r: p2 ^* [/ I% T- w626 Iran
4 V) }; q \2 {1 j( f- z& o627 Kuwait0 L5 ?/ h l1 S; d+ y9 _( Z- O
628 Saudi Arabia1 r3 \' q$ }4 L4 [0 A
629 United Arab Emirates
% {( J e- E! M64 Finland
5 L& L. r: U$ j$ h690-692 China
b* k1 H, v% Y* X; u c70 Norway$ t+ x* P* `" k4 e, M
729 Israel) `' k2 I4 u3 H- y* r
73 Sweden P2 ?" j$ w: r' ^' L
740 Guatemala, T+ Y+ f! l% o/ p& M0 d& h
741 El Salvador
; q+ v2 C$ t& e742 Honduras9 M @, G# }3 O8 F, G
743 Nicaragua- c& {2 R: W; Q& M+ B
744 Costa Rica
9 v7 [; v2 r3 r# k; l745 Panama' ?8 j6 h$ ^: k' u: e
746 Dominican Republic' t7 @, V* b' s8 z. h& I
750 Mexico4 S* l: ]* _) m$ n' |* i f
759 Venezuela0 o* ]% T) u3 W' ~+ @( x2 G
76 Switzerland
: M7 N. j% \/ v7 i! ~- {770 Colombia" @7 [: s- T( Z
773 Uruguay
2 Y6 K: l1 M2 h, A/ p775 Peru) ^; |8 Q+ A! P# R* L' I5 T) m' p
777 Bolivia
- ~* r6 J+ l: s, v, I* G779 Argentina$ o$ u9 M: S# }& I8 e
780 Chile
$ b4 w" T$ L6 x0 k+ q. z3 h2 w# ~0 N784 Paraguay% A! o6 A* T0 v) u: n2 V; f
785 Peru
4 d; Q$ B7 w) i3 x2 F( a7 ?0 C786 Ecuador
) D1 z3 ^: }# B8 h3 f! \. h. y789 Brazil
6 u. W4 S3 F- u2 m1 c5 p" C80-83 Italy+ I! s+ X& v/ P
84 Spain
% i. a5 r2 }; R* R: q [% P$ q7 H850 Cuba
# v% f3 ? Y4 G, y, r* M858 Slovakia
7 Q9 W' E. l+ g( I1 V859 Czech Republic$ V' Y7 _! B+ u l Z3 p- E8 f
860 Serbia & Montenegro
# T2 x0 M4 ^# Q9 c869 Turkey
- t5 f4 V0 H/ e, E, ?87 Netherlands& Y( `) ~9 u# J. ~7 n5 o7 R, n5 o7 J- W
880 South Korea% j# e# `( \ N* P- b( O1 g
885 Thailand( P7 @/ x- Q# d
888 Singapore* x. @' K+ m, Q( e% u* X, E9 ?8 K
890 India+ \$ m7 M* S0 ^) n$ Q, M& }
893 Vietnam
1 O2 k* H$ m. m: n899 Indonesia( {$ J* ?2 a# q8 \7 C
90 -91 Austria1 r9 D# n7 U+ p/ E3 X+ [& M
93 Australia/ n+ D4 \" d- Q) S* k
94 New Zealand% U, d( q6 a. t; ?0 x
955 Malaysia
/ J4 o2 G- r7 b; n+ D1 ~' x; f8 J958 Macau: [/ v4 \& p3 b) y
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
& H( B: t7 N+ |* h X978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
' P/ G- k8 _0 y2 I" t979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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7 n: r, B. j' E, I6 O& [& p$ A: XMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm$ A8 C/ d9 h) g P8 P4 {: p- ]# K
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