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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 ' l4 a i5 L3 I+ j6 C; p8 n( y; T
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( p* ]' E B) F) M- D# YCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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1 m. {, [4 A% {3 sBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.4 t) P0 [& j% \! j* Z2 Q- {* E
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.9 o8 B0 `% B0 c6 ~; b
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
- p# r8 m' H- Y8 S6 W5 P, x3 B$ ]Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.8 l* q: }2 } P
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.2 @2 p% Q$ m3 Q
The country codes used are :( ], H2 e$ X6 d
# E: c7 F/ f' A* S: n/ n1 L! }CODE \COUNTRY
+ R, b& E7 e! u5 s00-13 USA & Canada; _/ z0 f+ \$ ~. b
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
7 E* Y3 R& E! |- G3 X30-37 France% L( ^) l6 q4 d8 ^: r/ m
380 Bulgaria
2 `2 Q! ]9 x0 g0 H; k+ Q383 Slovenia* @3 W" t# q6 j% |* L9 u1 b
385 Croatia
2 ]( A1 s+ a4 O6 A4 G387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
4 E) @, w$ n/ @! r0 y% B/ {9 C* g0 o% X400-440 Germany
1 {' Q7 M9 r3 w8 v) I9 T: M45 Japan$ h* w* T% e k. y5 ^$ r/ n6 g# t
46 Russian Federation
2 x1 }" X; o ?1 ^5 I* @471 Taiwan
+ O, I- ]/ z- {, v474 Estonia5 D3 \3 k+ Y4 s# k1 h' p1 [
475 Latvia
1 o8 \& n1 d1 y( t476 Azerbaijan, \6 t1 Z) p0 e% D; ?3 `+ D
477 Lithuania6 k M! s! O# k
478 Uzbekistan" w) u4 u* q( O4 P/ u5 A) \+ q
479 Sri Lanka; H C7 G; c# t; p( l& R Z- t: h% p
480 Philippines+ ` t$ L6 q+ z5 I; B
481 Belarus. h- y( a2 {/ R0 ~: T
482 Ukraine$ W* p! v0 C/ F$ V$ V9 `
484 Moldova9 S: j* Z) _8 a, V
485 Armenia
% s3 ~2 G5 a Z; F486 Georgia# J- `; U4 f' K% W
487 Kazakhstan: I5 a B& L9 w! Q
489 Hong Kong* u5 p, h: ]7 H! g* J
49 Japan q1 Y* n, Q' q. p# w
50 UK
; g* a9 g/ f! F! A+ u1 D520 Greece
7 f% L/ n6 Q' K2 o528 Lebanon: T8 e5 m* _5 e" s N; z. i. |
529 Cyprus
0 B. Z% `6 k3 b! Q! K531 Macedonia
1 d* c# s9 {$ F) q% H0 Y7 G535 Malta
% P5 w \1 ~ q. p, n% v539 Ireland! v; g" o/ A& s( U4 ?
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
- E4 |2 H4 I7 K- {7 x' T) H" u7 _560 Portugal
v( V8 p4 h0 u* T% @569 Iceland9 a0 p7 ]: y0 M& D1 F7 u
57 Denmark1 |9 Y4 c# C$ X! j7 ?+ M* g
590 Poland) u" d" x4 t% o' a Y
594 Romania! D7 k4 i- Z0 k' o& S
599 Hungary" r6 s/ ?8 Y z8 |& u
600-601 South Africa
) B+ i2 i( y; V) i/ w0 d# R( l609 Mauritius
: f$ P( x- m. d1 U7 X. F611 Morocco+ R ]7 V% ~4 g* ^) C: ?1 N; |" S
613 Algeria
' u6 J2 B' J! F) z( K) L( e619 Tunisia1 E+ H4 ?/ J5 n3 E& C6 g% i
621 Syria0 q2 {; t. W# V8 G7 O
622 Egypt
' H. y/ l5 x5 f624 Libya+ g0 C$ D; {# b; W1 m5 A
625 Jordan
3 ^3 a2 P& P% I# f# t: c* K626 Iran% L' n6 `# k4 o9 w6 r4 p
627 Kuwait
& z5 `) \/ J$ ^/ g7 b. O628 Saudi Arabia
% V3 Q, |) A' |: T- u629 United Arab Emirates8 Y. Z/ C: ^9 {- A+ l; O
64 Finland
4 A8 E+ T0 `6 ^2 o2 G2 V2 @690-692 China
( D; e2 n3 b% v4 ? a7 n70 Norway
( D4 o8 Z. Y/ h# j7 Y! r! l. H% N+ p729 Israel
6 i% C# \' D/ x5 u73 Sweden6 t0 t" D2 |& y2 I4 t
740 Guatemala
+ i9 x% t2 y2 I6 X1 O! ?4 E: [/ _741 El Salvador
4 g* {8 W- ~5 ?! k3 }$ y+ P742 Honduras2 W5 ~1 C& Y, F- G
743 Nicaragua
2 n% Y5 r8 x( U+ t744 Costa Rica& w, Y; J7 h! c3 f: E' }
745 Panama
, p3 h& r# o8 c1 C746 Dominican Republic7 q# C) J; O8 f3 p0 j* b/ s- X
750 Mexico# c7 {6 W- g. T: t! ]* s4 e G( m
759 Venezuela
5 p3 G+ u @4 e$ t76 Switzerland( C' \/ M) a9 Q, v2 h
770 Colombia% i, k8 B- R% E4 }, n* {
773 Uruguay; j0 J+ Z' J5 K9 m2 O4 x
775 Peru7 v& r( L6 N5 c
777 Bolivia
7 r8 j2 x0 x4 K. V" t2 L8 d. @/ Y779 Argentina
& b0 m' }% T% e# M5 Q$ t& @780 Chile! E7 t8 o9 M) O% U
784 Paraguay, s% c w3 W* N. r' D
785 Peru% W1 g8 O2 p) \4 `/ l
786 Ecuador
: e# I8 ?$ M5 b# H- |3 a% T0 L/ r789 Brazil
$ ?, H7 w. N7 H8 F. h7 d80-83 Italy, G/ H( K2 c# [5 R' d, z0 p
84 Spain& M; O1 u- J" ]% e! p3 f, Z
850 Cuba
$ e8 i1 b' N/ |# @5 e1 V5 z( w H858 Slovakia3 b2 N7 I2 l. M8 Q
859 Czech Republic
/ f. M, v" [% S, ?860 Serbia & Montenegro
; G9 D7 f& a* E0 y869 Turkey
4 s; ?4 H9 f# i/ ^7 |87 Netherlands
) y" [; D# o* ]) @880 South Korea
& Q" u; o7 m: q' m3 v7 ]4 U5 j885 Thailand$ J& t3 ]$ u2 S& A7 y* I5 P% `% S
888 Singapore# X) r! P1 D; Z/ l3 v+ _
890 India
* G5 A4 ]. D4 ?' ?893 Vietnam* d0 E5 |6 Y+ J; z! v. `! E6 h
899 Indonesia
) d3 v+ m/ k; o* @9 W6 t1 S) G90 -91 Austria: `# n2 A1 D7 R Z
93 Australia
! t/ O3 b& x* z4 m* R+ R94 New Zealand
5 |9 P/ [" F1 B' J955 Malaysia$ Y) q5 M$ {7 l/ k; B7 N
958 Macau
/ `- M6 W& w L* d8 i: S977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
. o! c+ v% f" q- ]) `) E978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
5 n& u/ R6 L4 ]% c979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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; E A( u) [" H! FMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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