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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 $ R  H, {' f, L
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The Flap/ R8 R7 e$ m# @% f: Z% V

  }: w  V  g) p) IA flap occurs in three situations.! ?+ c# D! _/ P" Z9 U! f# ^

3 ]- M2 d2 x2 {( `  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds3 Z: J6 ~( a% w+ Q4 @
      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.0 b" a) ]# r% G. R
                                    
0 p: J0 o8 i) D4 W% q4 o         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
5 B" a, x" T7 k                                     
' C5 c, G4 @+ M' ~* q/ p$ s                  / q9 q7 V( a: h3 c2 h3 P; ?
  water becomes wader' p8 w2 n- d% ~
  Do you need some water?
- |% s5 h: `/ V# R' n+ c& B                 
0 {* i# ?0 Z' w1 g: ]2 g* ~  letter becomes ledder, m( k, ^3 B/ }$ I+ f
  The letter was in the mailbox.
  k* ^1 ^4 w! B2 j9 p                  3 O; E: `( x6 Q, U' Q$ g
  bottle becomes boddle
+ ?: p  i- ~/ d) _0 |  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. . Q# n! _1 i) K/ k6 S* X
                 , u* o" a, [0 k/ ?; C
  butter becomes budder
+ M/ o! C# I  P  The butter melted in the sun. ) S8 L6 p. E4 _
                                    
2 y3 a# p4 p/ H- K& ]2 p5 U4 t, [  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
7 M) f- g  K5 N# u" {: p0 \      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth  J/ H, G1 s( J6 J/ l9 M
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce# I( m3 \  G0 k3 p* }
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very6 ~0 n( b9 S5 u" {7 m" Q
      quickly.    # N. R, c/ B8 ]7 j
                                    ' z  V% Q! f# Y. J& s
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
* E7 E% M- t- J% w+ c                                     + p# [8 Z) }. v' w1 d6 O  [: n
                   medical        She is a medical student.6 ?; p4 L! C" `6 C6 A& E/ o4 Y4 v) V
                   sediment             % N# D* z6 A( ]! y* o& ^
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.& @+ Z# k5 |! ]. ^) V$ ]0 U

# d4 z9 Q/ o; F# I' ]: ~                    cadence            8 }+ W* z2 X3 I7 R. d
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.1 `' m5 d/ S1 u( W( Z+ `) v

( y) y4 R. V1 r1 a' K" l                    cider         This apple cider is great.
3 P/ i: }% y. w6 N                    spider        A spider has eight legs.& T- Q& Y( N* S1 Y! f
                                    
, G$ a; ~- H) P- X' [  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the
6 S; B2 f! j8 L, g       next. (see section on linking)& O/ @/ r- e& V% D9 r4 Y
                  
3 ~2 ?+ D/ d' N3 k         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.7 g3 C  f6 ?' g% }& z
                  8 H/ o# }$ L' h9 w
           'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
! L5 ~3 L! u9 [* t: g: _$ }          I'll get your bags right away sir.
/ E' w8 v0 q7 {3 h) {2 S* Z$ W: o
# [$ p- l7 D) q% {, k
$ U& _# V; i. |% N" v/ `1 R                   
2 L8 x! D8 V0 n3 V9 k4 c5 @5 L            'what if' becomes whad dif, y, r$ L+ U5 j6 d* \' U
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?/ t5 _& N2 s! ]6 J. y

/ {9 r, I  K4 q' z6 M # U$ A' z& b9 c+ ~9 G
                    ]8 K- c! H* ~
            'might I' becomes migh(d) di         
" a% y. w" V- j* m           Might I suggest a new tie?5 J' E9 q$ B( I2 r2 \* {5 G) ~

* n3 k" V& f. p" k * }, @1 P- p+ f: }- c
                    G  k& Q) K: @# e7 q, X
        & K0 ^1 H- T9 A1 V7 `# l$ m. ?+ v
Note: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
# h6 y( m2 g* m2 e/ W; b/ N5 F- H6 Q          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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8 o; Z& ]0 k$ w+ V+ \When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.+ f, c2 U; g! m

* D; k$ c: U$ i                            
0 _( B" _# ]* J' R         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
, E4 g: n: {: g: H2 V                            
7 N3 T+ l7 k) _6 V; b        
2 D% P( g, }6 R. I2 @5 ]/ _1 ?0 o    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
2 [2 S8 s3 g/ n3 T1 l2 g   Have you eaten yet?
: N4 V+ A4 {- t! j) a: t        
1 O  ^- i0 b7 r5 p    'satin' becomes sa'n  3 |2 o4 G# s" L$ x  v8 ?# |% \4 Y; ~
   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.1 ]+ c' C/ K9 G- ^
          x7 Q  c; Z" W) N2 x
    'sentence' becomes se'ence * J* z- p* W4 u% x8 Q  T6 \
   This sentence makes no sense.1 g0 [0 r6 D- R0 K8 I: D" g( K
       
/ u8 H9 E$ k9 r: b# L5 |    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
* v6 {$ [, x- r5 H4 r( H5 ^   I'm not much of a mountain climber.
0 v, Z2 \0 {9 Q- }( w: c( v) Y         5 l1 [! N5 J4 u. }6 Z9 ]
    'getting' become ge'n        : X/ T& Z) ~  T  k* g
   I'm getting to old for this.
2 D/ }' V  i. L6 |+ M* \        
7 F1 }8 K: [# K, @  x/ D    'button' becomes but'n    : k& D# W; A9 g  I
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't1 Y# S: w. F2 p; ?/ R! p

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) C7 k+ n6 R* x7 w+ HIn an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.6 c' ]9 K  p- Z+ m
                                             
9 t( d( |5 H% G2 e1 @- P   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
- ?. X6 h2 f- x+ k) \2 g   Then the word is used in a sentence.5 K  k9 s8 n+ s5 x2 [( i' I
                                             
" q% U! D# _. d9 p% D         1 X- ^( Y$ c6 I( Q
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  . B! |, H& ^' G$ h9 M
   We can swim in the lake.) T) _7 n% @+ A; @% f! I& h

7 D0 Z" z3 a3 B: w, o. W 2 U9 X$ [! K2 J
        # R; R: r# C; i+ ^- x7 m
   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
4 J# T; Y/ Y5 x   I can cook pizza.
% j2 E  n3 M. k% o2 s2 l, }8 S
2 l" t/ R3 d  i: X6 x - \# \7 Z# `. |4 R* O1 i
        $ }& V0 |) k3 u
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
* _0 @- }) `; @- K' I8 I; m. o   She can read Italian and Russian.2 p- {' V7 c: w+ A2 v# T0 A
7 @/ k7 q& b  j& n

4 J  l2 z7 ~3 {3 ~4 ^$ I         % ?. O# n$ D& [5 ]- q$ n; w9 N
   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.6 N8 ?& y0 O" j0 U
   They can ride on the roller coaster.
6 v2 [4 m$ e6 i# S
" d0 U* }; g8 K, Q5 E% e# l+ ~" g                                              1 I9 F4 d, p  o$ L4 j4 d' S0 B
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.7 u. i! W  {4 [" o( E' v8 `
                                             ' D- z& [% c( }5 J! P( _
   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
" B, A+ q" O$ D; k   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.( q- A" d8 k3 i
                                             6 r) @+ l4 m+ r8 ?: @% M
        9 a' N3 f' D2 `, T
  'We can't go' becomes 4 N* K) W: n8 A1 D5 u$ X7 w6 K
   We KAN' GO.  # F+ F, l! c& l( w

& [( M* ?/ S! c3 Y$ x8 wWe can go to the movies.
+ n) E/ t  n. E. t7 YWe can't go to the movies.
( s+ M8 c. B. T! p/ J6 b5 Q 4 W* N9 t: U. T, z- x. S: y, u
       
; v- ]7 G! B1 |1 |8 b. x' E/ q  'Larry can't speak' becomes
3 k$ f: F+ e; a5 M7 x# ]   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
5 Z; j" R9 E4 q* v1 }7 b; }. F1 ?0 w3 {0 {8 t& U( _! E  s
Larry can speak French.3 t, e" X9 G/ k7 x) T$ ~1 q
Larry can't speak French.2 u7 j( \1 d, O- ]& V3 u
& e/ O; i" z2 o! z6 u$ F. V' S
       
0 i; b6 W2 o0 ]2 _  'She can't do it' becomes5 V1 s- ?! [- k" I
   She KAN' DO it   
: B6 k' G( A1 A: _0 [( V$ R9 ]% m& v& M  G( A$ r; D  e
She can do it.
7 ?9 J/ m* T/ n: L+ G+ w& QShe can't do it.
+ H/ ]' n1 F1 @  a6 V. L4 Z 3 V( f$ m. Z3 }
       
& C3 M; M' ~. a0 t5 |  'Some people can't sing' becomes
  J/ L, I  ^7 P$ U1 [) B   Some people KAN' SING+ D# l& u. U9 }& G' W7 V1 z$ W
Some people can sing.
8 G, A" k. I2 J" W  g% ZSome people can't sing.4 X& A" B  R* b5 W5 j
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                                             & {/ s  J7 I0 `5 K% i3 m
If the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)) H$ e0 G# p% Z: @6 ?
                                             . A: H# i9 I) A2 g- Z( W5 o+ l
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes." I. \  p- Y' z6 W' {6 x6 K/ I" G
   Then the word is used in a sentence.: x2 Z/ w5 z7 l8 n$ E4 i3 e- j
                                             
4 E) U; f6 B+ i% k% }1 m         + }2 n8 J, w- p2 V/ i/ x* e" K
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)* Y" B/ y, i# Q& @& k
   We can't attend the concert.; D6 v& L" k! ]( D1 J
        4 b* C6 x1 G( p" M1 l+ X
   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
& M% g6 V$ e0 b& ~   Wally can't invite her to the party.% d8 c8 F' N% C
        ' B# X4 K. G0 P$ i; k5 m
   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)' n( q9 c# W2 p9 w% P( d* c, h; F
   He can't answer the question.
# L  ?* j7 ?5 K. T6 p8 |
7 J6 E3 g7 u! f6 m        
9 w" q  s( X$ K& Z   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )! F$ N. M; D% }; L2 ~, O4 |: v) z
   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
& Y% v& x. \. w7 @; H
$ t& Q: l6 I9 F  b+ U. T0 PMany times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)
2 B9 ]" o6 N& b7 J8 n0 v5 m; N$ t/ t
                  ) K- Y; |) k# m6 ]
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
5 P  E8 }4 |7 }  {; C; U4 i1 N     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
3 e& \3 c% {% S                           
% @1 @) A! ~/ c/ _% Z) q7 S1 r& w         2 U2 o3 ]) e2 b: o  t1 C
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      2 J8 U- v, b# D9 T
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?6 @6 M/ M! q6 |* `+ s0 G
        ) P# C* d1 V; N# i4 i3 P9 k
   * ?$ |% d  B" |" c+ E* a
5 A; M0 E2 |! P- x
        ! W) O- T+ B8 x0 a( ]3 x9 T
    'couldn't' becomes couldn' - b' v* T2 g; p8 I( t
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.
6 r+ {9 p8 c, q: i. h        
2 f  w, `* S; J$ f3 P3 ^9 u   
" w6 j) L; x6 G0 |# R: h" D" S& w ' U4 n" J  V4 N1 _
        : b2 n8 O/ H) B& @3 ~! i/ ]
    'shouldn't' becomes should'n          % [, |# X' e5 L( d0 G1 f! H
   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
+ G) W8 k3 M8 Z. i         3 T. k( L1 @8 t* H0 s
   
! V& z: u: l- g7 H: b, D4 C; H
' K7 H3 o0 D5 G% u/ \  T4 t* ]! F6 q         3 b8 x! ?$ L. F3 Y7 y/ F$ V. n6 t
    'doesn't' becomes doesn'2 v6 g* q. Q4 R7 L
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.- b2 P1 q! y2 b- c9 X% I% K+ Y
9 z) h' y/ W* V! A0 J5 [5 e
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