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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 - F4 g4 E3 q$ t& o5 w  H

) U' [2 ^! {& c. v* _The Flap% I% D1 L! Q. G
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A flap occurs in three situations.
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
; s) d$ k( s6 P2 N      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.+ R1 d* b6 }  ?9 X9 ?  o5 A1 M
                                    
  ^1 R  h# V: f8 M5 P         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.9 v- i9 A& ?" F, J4 I
                                    
  m2 }$ `$ U9 c5 G                 
6 N5 H4 Z5 {0 Y! L9 z  water becomes wader
% t$ f- h2 r6 L  Do you need some water?
1 C$ m/ n0 u" y" x9 h0 ~                 
4 \7 t6 G# \( R, s; K0 ^+ ?  letter becomes ledder; b. ?+ f0 i3 G: ^6 v9 J$ F; x. R
  The letter was in the mailbox.
6 A& ^* O1 b) H1 x+ W' d. Z                  : U/ U& J! F9 v2 J% m8 _- u  O
  bottle becomes boddle2 [8 t& y9 t" T6 f2 A$ r9 b
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. 0 Q% l0 A( |$ A+ u' _# `; a
                
  W% @; B5 _# n1 Z8 i, @. a  butter becomes budder
# J' ~" _% x" A/ N2 \" u  The butter melted in the sun. ! i* P; I. X, F7 r# y
                                    ' f2 M+ l% w# F* s3 B
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is& C! `6 R& V: d. |2 v
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth
+ B. c5 m5 E# Q8 p      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce
! [$ B4 A3 |5 ]      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very; P  j2 d" Y  v5 t) {- [, k
      quickly.    0 F0 s0 {5 f& w& E. q
                                    
, \* |/ z" h8 y0 _& k, K0 n         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
) r7 o" B- ^# s. g7 l                                     7 @7 a0 |" i$ `( v) o
                   medical        She is a medical student.
2 E; E: g/ U% V* E                    sediment            
- k8 _0 o2 P/ c" h0 [The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
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                   cadence            1 W! ^7 g4 ^( o( G. I, P$ P2 O! j
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.
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                   cider         This apple cider is great.
) Y, e. W) U, ]1 @: o                    spider        A spider has eight legs.  d# |/ D1 o& h# I) t$ N" I
                                    , D2 Q% ]7 p. L4 h6 {
  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the9 @. N$ ]) o7 v) b* C" H( u3 t
       next. (see section on linking)
  l  r$ N1 k. q8 L1 X  i! W                   
3 E$ ?. s  P2 v/ v8 L         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence./ W/ _) _+ v! c: q, \
                  ! F8 G; n( Y$ \9 ~: @, n
           'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
- [9 u; w4 r+ L8 a; v          I'll get your bags right away sir.
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/ L/ F2 M7 t* ~5 z 9 t* x  a: ^6 i( R+ t3 c
                  
$ l# N: r, N% e$ G            'what if' becomes whad dif( M4 h7 m: c' ]: j& A# \- h; \' R3 n
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
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! a9 A7 A/ o. M% a* E% \6 O1 Y                   
5 y; u; [( f" N: v4 n0 p0 K             'might I' becomes migh(d) di          4 W) {$ `4 I* h- V" T
           Might I suggest a new tie?
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                  ; L* z! ]$ ~: D, R! B; J+ P
       
, H' `0 o, _, P8 m, LNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
. Y/ N2 V1 o' V- |9 A          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.- I7 u+ o0 Y! _* m7 Q; i% U% _

$ Y2 P# D$ m5 R8 c+ k! k5 w                            
) s7 _5 S/ w; Z) T( u         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
; Y7 D+ W. `( J- Z+ ^* S5 ?                            & L- ^, ^% E/ z" n9 b- S/ o
        - i+ C7 i; J4 a, _/ t; R
    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
; ]4 Y  i; v) s0 W) Q   Have you eaten yet?3 U- _2 u0 u# m. s. c
        1 Y' @, G' W2 k" U/ I# v
    'satin' becomes sa'n  
$ G7 h0 i$ q- H5 _2 V9 e   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.! R# U) C6 }$ @2 s) I2 t& R
       
! S; F# r+ A) X3 N6 E) K    'sentence' becomes se'ence " ]6 E4 F/ P9 g" T
   This sentence makes no sense.
0 B( y( e! c( `& }5 q+ W        
& A% h8 M) y* T, n) ~2 z/ ]' I, Y    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
4 U0 U  E+ ~4 t7 d1 `   I'm not much of a mountain climber.! n/ }, H# c# c% @  I+ X
        ' U  Y1 Y/ n" C6 _) Y
    'getting' become ge'n        
! g, k) O6 P$ i$ G0 |$ N2 J   I'm getting to old for this.& P! J7 ?7 q8 Z- ^
        0 M) [0 v& z3 b1 k! C4 ~. l
    'button' becomes but'n   
! I7 r0 _6 W1 k, N4 p   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't
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In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
( U; u) V2 k8 v* y0 J$ G: b% o                                              
2 j+ o8 |1 P9 S   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes., v) m9 E/ Y9 i2 r/ e; j+ a4 d3 F
   Then the word is used in a sentence.
9 T1 R6 S) ]) C; ~1 |2 s                                              
, j# c& F1 J  b# S% x        
$ A5 q0 F0 K. c3 n; ^4 g   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  
; M4 S& f  a# Y! E, Z   We can swim in the lake.( T2 F* R, ~. p* a
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   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
- g4 w& n9 z/ h6 u   I can cook pizza.( S; t0 L) I: [  [9 q

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+ G9 U2 Q3 q/ F( n0 n3 M  e         2 O7 j: |$ p1 T* ]
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  : d5 m! F' e8 j
   She can read Italian and Russian.
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/ ]- |, h7 V2 d  n! } 7 Q* X& k' ~. J7 V
       
0 K2 E6 a9 b2 e( X   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.5 Z! L5 b- R$ A* }3 ?
   They can ride on the roller coaster.# G/ d. y1 M+ X9 P& f& h  L

1 E+ J; z$ s; h* n; b                                              
' A5 Q8 g% B$ cIn the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
0 {% [5 A& k, T& C- }, \( _3 J                                              
# F, Z7 w/ Y' h; w+ h2 I9 C- G   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
% ^$ ?( f/ [3 i" B# C5 C   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
4 M# T2 I* E! q+ w                                              ( V* t4 l7 t; l4 w+ S
        4 q. c. t) V% G& z; ~- [
  'We can't go' becomes / Q/ {# H  O% i/ p
   We KAN' GO.  ) ]* S# y) a$ n$ g# M& E. D

0 a" q, K2 I- g5 bWe can go to the movies.
. u4 l5 {8 j0 z: r) f9 {) Z7 JWe can't go to the movies.
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' Q7 e) Z* |, O; `! l  'Larry can't speak' becomes
; \4 \* h8 Q! {+ P( ~9 u% h   Larry KAN' SPEAK.; a- n, Z/ N. z  P* k! z6 {
7 Q% c# J- S+ n
Larry can speak French.
3 I) f% s8 d3 M  h. dLarry can't speak French.3 P3 Y, V4 F" I5 A( |2 Q: L

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' P# d- K& o& g* F# }, W  'She can't do it' becomes
' {( l, \5 R1 U* T   She KAN' DO it    0 |/ {. C8 x* a. j

) q" G$ d3 u7 T/ l1 `6 }% u! fShe can do it.+ I$ f& U1 @5 F( o% I3 t
She can't do it.0 o8 Q, [5 c6 o; L% I

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  'Some people can't sing' becomes9 x. p1 g! D% G- @( j( g8 q
   Some people KAN' SING
( ^, U0 i( @% |" O: E- z" I% NSome people can sing.1 |3 c; X, x, A7 r& p$ t0 H/ M( M/ m
Some people can't sing.
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                                             ! Y: Y5 ]8 W* g* F& O; v; ?
If the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
6 K, Y7 I# ]6 E, \                                              * j. q3 y/ r7 O2 A/ P* j: K
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.' {$ J  Z  ^: S6 P9 x
   Then the word is used in a sentence.8 i- p; B7 q' y9 n$ b% g
                                             % U, w8 o$ ~4 R- _# T
       
/ C7 b6 o* m/ t7 b' C1 F5 f- J   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)5 ~6 ]7 j0 L+ {" t% q# H8 ~5 O
   We can't attend the concert.- E$ M5 H0 p: a( G' P4 |6 r/ W
       
* ~  \" l! F( w   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)
( h* i, Y& I- T  i, P   Wally can't invite her to the party.
1 Y" |6 h% Y/ C, _7 C* d" F( I& f         0 d6 t& A( Y/ k, C' X7 D0 g
   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
$ v: N+ m# E' D" A   He can't answer the question.
. }( K6 K% r% |& s3 M / p. m2 ?( Y& d$ F2 S) a
       
  `6 Z; t2 r9 L  D( q   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )
; u' r8 D6 a; H8 U" C4 X   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
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Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)
: W+ d! V) o: O
" ]2 H4 J2 c( m# L& t; I- \) U0 F& [' a                   6 A: V. K# c; |1 K+ w
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
; r4 r6 K$ {% R, }     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.' X/ A( n5 B& u; E# r% s# S
                          
5 I, ~/ X* q: F7 ?' P9 [         " y9 T+ j! C# C! I1 r- ~$ P2 J3 g
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      2 g' c3 s1 W) S" o5 ]) D
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?
1 T; x9 n- x! n" g% L3 W/ z9 i         * Z1 |+ Q; b; p. r! m" [5 m
   
0 [( E; H6 W; v9 N. V) f+ l 9 e1 n* {8 ~3 x. ~( P* T3 U  h
        & p. ?9 T3 r3 ?" ?( [, R' W/ _
    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
9 b  ^# _* G+ h& K5 s$ r" u% C    I couldn't do it because I was sick.
& k( Q8 s& J. x9 p0 V7 t         # k  L. o( B4 i' G8 s) G
   
% T# P# i$ l0 Y: J7 a$ F( O & T2 S( N1 @4 t; \+ q; b
        6 W- S5 H( N" m$ G( w
    'shouldn't' becomes should'n          1 h0 r, S1 [* q% X) A
   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.& [+ W( C. [% K
       
* J' W5 \1 j- o3 p    8 g# w. r! X; k
1 P$ w0 Z: `) M
       
) j. n- q5 X/ S; K, K    'doesn't' becomes doesn'
1 f9 s+ {" a' I7 y  ^0 z& W   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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