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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! & {# C! u4 q0 @: S& j
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一、厕所
: c8 M& X5 S- f; s% ^0 f 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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0 ~- h2 q: F% x 二、解小便 & ?# s& y% b: s: e) Y* m9 X
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 5 o# X' g: a; p% l- R
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: 4 e+ c' `# Y b$ c% Q' @" r. {
Do you have trouble urinating?
X E5 _' `6 f1 U% Y* P =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ' t- c @- i& K1 x
6 X" j& a- L; R) [" | 此外,还有其他的说法: . P$ R' U( a2 Z3 P$ A
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
5 O- ~5 n& h3 }* |8 Y, L * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
( }# U' k# A* x9 m- W* D * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 7 V5 g+ z* P8 p/ @
* I6 O+ E+ O6 D" |7 v0 T. P% l 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
4 F9 }0 K/ T6 k/ Y, R * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. " a" W2 r+ K& T% k8 H% Q! F
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. s6 O4 ?2 |: \4 Z( P- p4 E
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
, G6 J9 W1 S4 H* K' F3 G: p' ` 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 / V* R v- Q; T* m' K/ c# v. _
' H! [/ F, a) \: j% C 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ! t; o8 ]7 f+ U' w4 }" V5 u0 \% D
* The boy needs to pee. : y; a2 }4 {0 z: x
7 G: ?; W% l" ~# Z. J: N 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
! j/ _5 V K& X. e. c& E * Do I need a urine test? 1 V* \# X7 E |! x
) U2 z1 Q/ q6 B! G! o 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
) b0 s1 g2 i4 l4 b! I% t7 C * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
; m6 T$ g/ ~/ L# `1 a5 D4 _ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) - k, F, m' C+ l0 [$ z
& a" ^. q" A! s9 @ 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
0 R8 d' [( Z: z! L * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
4 B: Z0 \: O& ?* X+ ^: @ * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
! C* k* E* r% T7 a8 f * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 8 a& C5 K4 {, R( @/ j( {4 ~) u
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
- i: `" _, b' Z1 \% q3 J1 Z 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: # J6 S0 | B& W5 p8 p# r3 p0 K
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) - V. _1 v; L8 S) {1 E
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
7 O/ {' O) t1 b7 n0 x$ p * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: + o; G' a$ E! g6 E! l
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 3 {$ R: {* t5 c- z1 D3 C+ Z
* Y6 k( k" Q3 E" `( E, _4 N 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: ( t" Q% u8 D/ M
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) + w8 J. E! g- ]2 Y# B. C
# h+ c: z6 W" n+ g1 M, ?( ~0 X 四、放屁 4 e4 d6 o; u2 S: p8 v; u
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
* C7 Y) j0 Q, d6 _- P: Z1 f, Y$ K How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
, _; R2 ]3 y7 G& I/ I 你放屁的次数很多吗?
/ P6 A2 X$ H# z* H M) Z * Is the gas expelled by belching?
+ N: O7 w* Z8 m: m 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
8 \) A5 \: l/ o& p* K& Q, l! |( G * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. m8 i) a9 g/ S# e
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ) \1 ]% a9 q6 C% g/ g. V* O; ?; Q
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ' ]/ [. |& p2 c; o. g- i2 f
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
( K5 Y/ ?; b! J6 H \ * Be careful not to fart in the public.
9 u* Y0 S$ K! v, | S5 p 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 6 T/ }6 s6 f) o l# H& G+ |
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
0 n3 \7 n {- `3 i = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 8 d- w' T: }( x* L
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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' X7 I. W8 B) G; @. O * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 0 E; H6 u6 [ G+ t! v
胃不舒服有两星期了。) & p4 Q) C8 F" e* f2 p
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) , x" ~2 ~5 y$ D
他经常便秘。) 或 0 D0 F5 w. q6 L5 R4 F
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 / G# _$ n. ^9 R8 P6 Q8 g, g' Q' B" x
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
; e. w& {1 r9 e+ `/ F0 H; [4 i * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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! e+ z" z1 Y& C% z3 n2 ^3 g/ f * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. + `6 {# g' ^" z$ N, _4 c
他拉了一阵肚子。 5 w/ v" r- [7 a4 c
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) & U* J3 w% n& y# t8 {3 [+ Z
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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