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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 " g( U5 U3 z% Z* G
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ; r# y4 U( a) k' @' |
* Z' x5 n- c. y6 N& J 二、解小便 , I; @* O8 x( ?& y- A5 L# J3 ?
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 7 ]/ T5 ^/ p) T6 [) L
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? * Z9 d) V, L2 u% h* ^
9 Z* H# z: O/ J8 P! Z 医生或许也会问: $ C" f& a" ^5 M
Do you have trouble urinating?
9 y. S3 E. @+ P =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) & r) ]" x, G+ R
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此外,还有其他的说法:
7 r6 B3 |6 I7 p7 m6 E to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
8 t" G2 m4 }! N" v' q1 }0 L * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
5 Y0 `$ z. u' |" H3 I * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ' Q. o9 q% I/ h, i6 E
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
: D) [ x4 q5 A$ t0 g 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
# `( c* y, {# t2 `7 y- n" i 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 9 ] v+ Q- ]- E1 O1 |2 I* h1 X
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
* \$ g/ l \9 Q0 s4 b 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ' J R/ g; a% A1 }
' M5 W+ W" _% E. K5 G) S; R& w( Y 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ' w* P V5 L6 g/ V! X+ p; m3 B9 v
* The boy needs to pee. ; @% @1 B* @7 Z
4 Z. O3 j3 {" [5 K 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
& ^+ b. P0 d* j) ]3 ]' w- n8 V * Do I need a urine test? ' m/ o& t, e$ _; ?/ K$ ~
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: - D5 ~2 t# [7 @( q, R3 c4 F6 r
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. , L5 q: }; ^1 K* u0 c Z
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 9 d8 o L" ~* K( R, ^
% c: p2 d: X& Y8 R$ K 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
}; x M6 m9 k( X; { * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) * K6 s* a M% T+ x% S
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
! Y# ~/ S$ D4 N2 S$ u6 H* F * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
7 u; I/ v7 _3 f5 ^2 z% s% n5 N" c * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 4 u! _2 j# @5 W8 H: l9 l" B
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三、解大便 $ `% j4 x& _% f0 W& A }$ B8 I
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: " M% y! E* [" H. Q2 O' U
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) * ~/ e3 P s$ T9 ]9 U
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
2 B" ?' }1 z/ s& n# e9 m9 |% |+ E * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 7 w* [) F" N" S0 M0 K9 O: K, w8 a
, L" j6 X3 L4 d4 v1 s 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: , Z) k3 d" h0 R
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) * K/ K- ~+ V0 y) S! I+ f
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: " q# _5 c# F, c4 t$ t
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) - U }, W7 z2 }* {
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四、放屁 . M2 C( _3 P* A( e
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 1 f5 `$ k4 v. [2 Q% `! n- V
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? . j$ k, m0 m* Z* }# m n5 o3 I
你放屁的次数很多吗?
% l& j1 p' }9 P * Is the gas expelled by belching? - |% ~5 k+ L1 W
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ! c% P# Y& Y0 l" p; ]& `
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 7 l3 I9 V" E: t; l
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
0 }- c8 Z: h, H * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
0 b" X& j8 \/ V' l p* r. l/ m 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 5 x0 s- A; N0 {5 `. R
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
9 \, Z( L6 H2 b 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 2 j% G) @: Z* p' L4 z
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
?: s" g0 @. o- ~3 { = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 9 p2 \3 T7 v2 L- P: h( Y
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
, e D: w9 N- u2 } 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
3 d& T$ J- o& n3 Y * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 3 F" S! _+ K* G; M& V
他经常便秘。) 或 ! a! A- M% D9 Y: o) t
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
. R0 x$ x. c+ v$ w) S; h * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
! }7 J' K+ Q8 @$ n5 O1 R! A * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. - [ s5 b1 R0 }! k# }9 L2 S
% _5 i' B& y* h: {3 M1 y+ a * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
9 \# W% n5 k Y9 T/ }2 ?2 A 他拉了一阵肚子。
8 Q) k0 Q- o5 W! W * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) & j) _1 }/ q- p$ \
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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