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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! $ S, H. d- D5 ^+ U
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一、厕所
+ A: J, l6 {6 K/ S 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
% e2 q: _* U) x3 e 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
8 n0 n8 G* _" R* ^7 A7 Y Will (could) you urinate in this cup? & n. v: H& t$ n; s3 d1 G6 \
& _' x' Z4 P( x' T 医生或许也会问:
1 [% T w! ^6 _3 E3 q5 z1 k Do you have trouble urinating? + c q& x, {5 Q8 g& Z* `$ N( R
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ! Y+ f) O4 \& R6 Y' z! y W
. C& K7 t. f% H8 U+ e 此外,还有其他的说法: 3 |0 f6 q0 u$ P e' v
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
+ k" H j+ m# F9 F * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
0 L# y7 n4 H7 t5 {. k V0 D * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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5 O; Q! O) X t T5 Z: L. j 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
2 _1 `# @- H. K * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. : G6 `* x# ^- k! G9 e$ z
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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% j, `+ e6 q/ j% v+ \8 w% l * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 1 p* k! B3 ^( ~3 q5 a
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 0 R1 {* P: {% b7 G2 ^: D/ {
$ r& A5 t) n+ |, [ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
; K# {) r& J6 O/ \9 z" L1 t 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: , V7 P+ b, V' u. T& q
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: % a1 C: J. [. D4 a& s
* Do I need a urine test? 6 M! B) K, N0 y# {8 `: Z9 x
6 `5 i# A; I# Z4 U! x 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
* {, M7 w- m, L& a K& k+ P% Q1 a * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. % N; n$ w5 D+ P2 L( x. o+ p
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 1 y4 z8 p- r6 F
`2 @0 V) h3 f9 F8 x# @; e+ Z 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: - k' m, p5 S& _1 ^0 m, X
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) + n3 [6 v$ V# r g! ~5 r9 G4 K
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
% [& |5 I" w# F- \( J$ o0 V, } * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) " k3 r0 w$ J- A9 O; w
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
% c8 i, H0 D8 I# Y. q 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
_) M7 J* h$ K3 j9 U to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) + o1 {: `; E3 a; \, j
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
/ y6 s- t! A$ v. v * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) , z* s: U% y( p/ y- H
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
( H G( [' ?" z) W+ a * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) - A5 u9 |/ X/ `9 [
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: ~' j4 S0 v6 _" W
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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5 V2 C; K6 Y9 \3 X4 w 四、放屁
2 Z+ s2 _$ f! { V 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ' b4 n# K- {" ~
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
9 E# [4 c+ e5 l: M; X' ? 你放屁的次数很多吗?
# E$ L9 k4 q3 h9 V* U! h * Is the gas expelled by belching? ' V6 u1 G/ e! _- t4 O3 z' B* Z
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
' O# m- H' J9 p7 \+ h * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
* y) {* L. ]1 m+ p$ M' Q: N) S 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 + i" H1 j* O0 s1 N6 ~" ]
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
# Q T& o; K$ {6 P9 D ^& i( ^ E' ?$ S 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 2 a9 y6 E8 m- T; M g2 o; D
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
% |. U# ?7 j: e3 i' j5 H 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 0 H+ j7 x X2 b! ?) b9 @+ r
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
. V1 c0 z8 j3 G1 n/ \0 s * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
" c: I7 @: `& Y; K* @9 |: a = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. ) A/ ~0 D. |* C: D
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
( p1 ^, b E1 N: g |8 ^$ A) D# S. Z 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
1 G4 @# ~4 j$ [, k% z * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
# Q! U3 F* q" T4 b8 T5 @ 他经常便秘。) 或
4 d% e( ?$ y3 S; J; [! P' E+ P * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
6 }( ~9 `( K. h) l7 C * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 4 H) k7 y9 N" C2 z. n( i# p& {, A
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 7 M% T& \6 r& y- {+ x3 j8 {
+ H5 P4 E$ H9 a/ U# S( c2 u * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. . g& F1 l# b1 Y
他拉了一阵肚子。 1 p1 D2 b7 @5 A- K& s" P
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ; {$ C/ r/ x; A d
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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