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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! q3 B4 c) q! c/ a2 E/ w+ x
& n! a7 [! m' B1 v1 c 一、厕所
- s# C, k% p: J 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 2 ^2 ]# ~$ H- v% p, `
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二、解小便
7 y, I u9 M& I: [, ]' c b3 Y 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
7 K3 f* M g2 o; Z1 @' _, E Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ) ] ?9 o# B# _( |
9 p& ]0 I7 B: T( W; i 医生或许也会问: O* Q/ \& V: X" b* t+ A
Do you have trouble urinating?
9 n! W$ N5 n3 }1 R0 o! G- A* t =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: # W- C# o! o7 e6 b
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: * Q X3 u8 }6 m4 w) |
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. + d6 ]0 m8 s, r* r2 a9 C5 F
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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& b4 F9 Y- g0 Y" c 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
% q5 O* O$ W! Q0 X) y- O * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. # {, k# _- @' i G7 u- b
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 . S$ M: @9 p2 o0 S/ Z! j
2 N8 x2 f4 z# w4 j" z0 r1 W& p * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
" Y$ {* }/ i- Q z 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ' G# I6 w3 q" W
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 2 n, s+ x/ L9 O, z% W0 H s5 }9 r9 C8 h* k
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
( [, U+ d2 Q2 |0 _6 Q * The boy needs to pee. % q# q1 k, o& x, V- q+ k4 [
1 k, `; Q- a! e6 A" | 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
& W, D) G4 H* T * Do I need a urine test? $ e5 s4 Z1 }3 u& @, t/ l* r1 K
: g- ?# r$ J! |6 G k 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 1 L. Z/ W, u G+ v6 C0 M
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. : b! P4 O n1 F: ] i- ]
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ! F0 B* j6 l6 A, w0 ]
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
* k W+ |( j, ]: R$ q2 y' G O * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
; _7 n/ _6 }" s * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
9 J6 Y$ I& K7 X * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
: k0 o( R" d) o 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
, r% M; Z' ^; T# o! ^. }: D2 e' q, ?/ G to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) & W8 w4 W0 e/ R( M3 V9 j- z6 q
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 6 r. B+ E+ Q" h) K. B" V
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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5 {% P% i$ X: T; A) q2 x 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 0 P; v# L7 P' Z6 J' V. w1 h
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
2 g e8 F* l0 F3 A1 n * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ; K% t- U+ n; h
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四、放屁 ; W; k7 Z" H% S2 v2 V* d2 K, a
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ) c; ~! I1 Q( S6 y9 o" a) W
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? / k5 R! o, [4 b
你放屁的次数很多吗? & A r5 l' i3 f* [
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 0 h" L6 f' `! x) V
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) / i7 y+ i) h4 A( O
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
0 P8 q1 o) @# N- i0 a 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 3 J2 p& o( O3 B9 V8 v3 s5 I# I
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
5 w) i6 i; T( U. k 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 : [* F8 X/ d! ]
* Be careful not to fart in the public. ' Y w& c4 S8 `8 P7 i3 P7 G
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 : D. r& i# z4 f9 Q2 }1 d
3 F0 ? u7 y5 l0 S2 t 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
1 z" z, K! ~$ @ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
3 L6 T" l& f" b' K = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 5 u4 O0 W2 I& Y4 \
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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. X! ^, c9 ^# P: M0 X4 I" O2 n * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
+ F% ^+ t, c9 G: k) x% D 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 2 R/ v, |2 ]6 x8 l$ a( _ q
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
# P9 `6 q6 w( o" ?5 @6 @! R! z 他经常便秘。) 或
3 D7 ~) P. a5 b * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
1 s u% X! j4 L5 M * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
$ H2 L; m: I5 T3 Q * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 3 ^; [" b( F. Q: }9 @6 ^5 z9 v
) o/ e3 G1 N5 z- y V. V0 | * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
9 |8 W) ]+ r# `$ v4 | 他拉了一阵肚子。
5 [3 S w; A6 F* N4 `2 y * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
/ c0 x, J* ?" k7 W9 |# G 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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