从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
6 U% G. F- N' D7 l5 m5 H# A! C$ a
A：I like apples.
  W$ g" n' c# H) s. ]7 r
* A8 `7 ~/ G' _2 Q! uB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
. d! g9 X6 g* S: f
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
8 r" ?" s" D* s- C
& H. @9 y' g- a* E% [" z7 W1 T% V. [本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

9 T' O& l9 ]. X7 w9 s6 r2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

  q* ]" f4 B$ ^/ L( E! b9 F第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
4 E9 @. \, |* }6 `
3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
3 K! m. Q& D( L$ ]  J2 V9 r
如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
- p( C1 x( g3 @/ V
---Nor it is!

6 E! N: B- [# C7 S2 _This cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!
/ L2 i( z3 S3 h
四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!

Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

$ H( ~9 f' q) yDerothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
- f4 G! [0 d; r6 ^
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?

Denald: Yes, let's.
- n: e% S8 o2 F/ ~$ a9 \& q3 P
: B+ D( n( X( w  x8 m% Y, s2 oDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
2 F3 q1 r8 s3 }+ D* f
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
  |& b  s' P  t
* z& ?0 Q- ]3 @8 q( [0 tDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

! V* c! X3 k# J/ z, I/ h$ l* hDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
* }% U; ?! F4 t1 q; o, x. m8 _0 C8 B
  Y; |, X. V4 N) i. |Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
' f  N0 ]  N  K& S
9 v1 S# e# C  H9 R/ _/ [Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
( y% T7 v1 i( n. @+ U
+ R; e7 }3 Y  J6 i7 L6 C+ XDorothy: It's the postman.

# b) i$ E! ?& [' `' Q! [! LDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
% q( |9 k, W! ~6 n; P$ T
Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

5 X; E$ H! q2 i/ `0 d; SDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

- O. S$ H. y6 E9 pDorothy: Nor do I!
% l* G7 n, C. n( W3 ^
Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

5 P+ k* E0 s2 n! }8 dDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

0 s3 h7 J/ M6 Y( M( K) ODonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

3 {  d0 b9 R1 v3 `Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
1 o: V( w* N% S: T$ [) @8 I
. R$ J" G7 z0 o& b. c" g/ W9 wDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
( L8 x. Y1 |' M  R5 A) O
( h" z4 s; h$ ]) j% Q7 T5 `7 FDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

# {( o- e: W) l4 s. ~Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.