从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
# K' Y  D; Q- g  B2 T* s
A：I like apples.

) M4 K' _" }% G- k" K, o) CB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

6 C6 i% {- [) E" P# O　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
. G% ^! {. K& L' |
# A& F5 Q( k  C% n/ K8 R/ i& q本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

) l" ~& i0 L0 Y5 \1 ^; _1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

. w# q$ g- y, O# y3 u2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

) S- H; L; {, s  k: Q3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
% P8 @% z4 p+ w% s: ?
如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

( N# b" p- ]' t---Nor it is!

& b9 l/ U6 d% \! i- ?- H/ m. bThis cup hasn't got a handle!
8 x+ R! N* m6 u# a) a9 D, }
---Nor it has!
+ S1 g2 l  N  H0 J3 w
四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
9 q& |) ?. b5 s1 Y# }9 Y5 @
  _9 K% U; W% v. Z' Y: \* ~Derothy: Look it's raining!
8 Y. X/ D+ D* ~" @: n1 t
; x7 `) `: W0 X' \' k$ XDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

" X; H( l9 a- k! m! F& [( u4 j% VDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
9 X. T6 L1 q$ b' _
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
- e. z6 r! T0 [" o  r, c/ s
9 Y& W7 s5 z" u1 |+ JDerothy: So we can.
7 J6 G: U* T. e  q0 o7 G
$ T6 e* ~* O$ v1 Q* f8 r# HDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

/ H; V. f: e: a5 r3 `- b1 E- eDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?

Denald: Yes, let's.
; q/ R; @! A4 w4 k0 z" ?3 K. {6 p
5 H* m& _' D( aDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
2 y& G9 R" d5 m/ d' B- S  E
7 K' q( e6 e$ `. wDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
% r6 x$ ]* O) r; {: d5 S
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
. l, b" k4 V4 U
Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
% Z7 o% a" q& n8 h
Dorothy: It's the postman.

Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
6 d, p; n! q3 w  o. y! t
Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

Dorothy: Nor do I!
: S* k( Q1 t/ v( g( f
Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
8 N. V. l& f( E% b: ]4 L
0 E4 I. `, n8 @' iDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
: H( \; {/ T4 |; ^
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
% F4 Z6 f* Y* n# C3 l
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
0 w, G- r$ P1 M/ B6 b
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
1 M; s' f4 c2 |3 P  K. O, K
  F4 ^# |0 a9 |" \" k( GDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.