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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197
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+ z' U* h8 B+ w9 b/ H1 q$ v, L. q. T22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
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0 l% G0 `# S, B# EScience and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas c# T7 W% d- x# k6 _! L3 N* S
, j. [1 f3 S$ ?9 O; @! rA study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.1 |+ _% W7 v: V% W5 c, c
; p" ]! j: D# N5 k/ W9 e9 X kThe study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.( B) i" p* j0 R! K
" v% g: E! i# w- _The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.& ?1 i8 u; G Q% A
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.2 |" m- U5 V* _4 m
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Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part., m5 B. `, ^+ G$ q: g3 c7 r& w
* `0 m r2 ^+ a) U* {One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.- L% S/ F8 t/ w& D. i: p4 j
/ D2 @1 i$ O. ?/ W# w2 XAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
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\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.3 y, B+ {$ |5 p7 G4 z$ M, w- ]4 l i
, S; G( } Y3 T" r+ e% |\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
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\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\", |" m& K/ ^% ~+ \$ g
/ h# \4 L0 B. F/ G; k' ?1 gDr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"! c' `! m# F0 e; X# M% i* o
! S" w9 X* O4 H8 M2 YThe team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category. f( e4 S5 H4 \5 U, C/ n) W. V8 O) X
9 k8 \" M, C6 T/ `. u' FThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.2 I }% m) @& V! i
+ M \9 i6 z3 d- o6 ~However, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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5 k* _1 i* l- RHowever, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\". ! n0 J% T/ D } L1 G; V
0 Z$ |3 l% k( h2 s6 B% D\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.# f4 t5 t5 f- g% w; b4 ^( t7 m
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\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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