 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
5 \3 \- a; O& [! K! n/ R, xInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ K, T3 O4 b; Gsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; Q3 v% W) E6 o/ fand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
( a( n( e7 @$ d/ e(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 l# g% `$ A& o* V" G |- p2 g* j% Hretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)./ E# P3 K c% J, k, @
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=* g( u; p+ O! f5 g2 t- ]. w
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
4 y$ G3 p x2 K6 R& e(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving6 f. a2 i& y% o$ b% l! l: j8 r! A
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
) x( t1 k. p' T- u( p& \$ npossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
0 E7 v8 {2 M% F4 C3 k; d(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two; N& L C; z k7 \
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
y; N& f; {+ e5 g3 ^semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.$ h6 {: J2 A d9 j8 V# F+ V! h1 \
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In4 v$ k& @! ?: T1 |- C8 n$ i
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
2 ?, [- q5 }5 ]. B& n8 |2 ]the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
# j& _/ ~8 x# O! u" M+ L" T
% j& l& q' h! A) L) q9 W7 Y% @, A(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
! \3 U4 _( K' Z5 U% f. _) |1 |5 u9 oand American speakers of English, |
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