 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The9 {: T! a* x; G, |. a! C' Q4 n( D
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
7 k7 e0 P9 X# s. I {" v- esyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
. P; ]' W( i! V4 Band uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
1 z/ Z8 d6 B" u(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
& Z& \2 c, t; S* }; F4 rretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).* I$ Q" {% Q) d6 Q! g( J9 e3 a
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
4 |, X3 _0 v: E' U. r; d9 [8 z# T[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
2 {3 n9 e, v+ l7 Z" h! ?4 k(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving5 M& t: l0 B L9 G) Q
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on! |4 G, o7 F0 I3 Z" Q+ o
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset; o5 o" V4 x9 f* b$ L: ~: R
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
7 b; Q' p: C* Y$ N3 R( X" H. Ssegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 K( C8 P' X5 P) ?- l
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 U/ r0 I, S8 K' R) Y3 t
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In# j2 v& a. r3 I" ?
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,; S( R! W' ]7 y' C' n
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..& P1 b$ f* e/ P" h7 Q
* M& X! x$ R( K
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)" G: r- A. ]/ }. h5 I5 t1 x! g
and American speakers of English, |
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