 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The O% o3 u/ Z: c( y
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
2 [" h' p/ o4 Z7 r. Osyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,: S; _+ l& s; M& a. i7 q
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial$ O) T3 c! A! ], {0 w. [& J
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
2 j4 r* J; } d% A0 w7 f* Nretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. ^- C& w) k. r0 b& m. W& }, SA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
- S" w* @$ j) q/ s4 a[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
7 o9 x* ^& h) W! D(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
! `: w6 Q \' O/ f f# xretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on) L+ d3 Z; N- X$ @" x% C2 H
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset$ j7 `6 d1 P6 H3 I5 P% i
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
. @7 z& i2 k2 C: f" R1 [) ^segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
4 a% b7 H' b4 t- }9 S N- p+ [semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e./ x3 @: h) d0 U* f7 W- o: ]
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In! R, ?8 s* f+ c2 \' R2 l, K! O
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 n2 i! ^; E% ithe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." |, m2 c0 ^' ]1 E6 h
& {( `+ M9 C( ]0 _, S" |
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
- Q" J3 I2 h& V) Y) {/ }and American speakers of English, |
|