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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The7 Z* a/ y, v2 H. V9 h. S, f- ^4 W
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ H0 d3 `" ?8 Q2 [! d8 [1 H$ B
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,7 O. ^7 ~. N2 d/ D" q3 p; x" F
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial& \8 z! W7 ]7 K1 C2 s0 \4 t* O
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 f: z) \% {% L$ t5 Z$ \+ |retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
' A, m( Q- C6 l: M' i" i7 \A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
o! p, S; Q: {+ |( O2 X! C0 C( Z[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
) J1 U4 y4 s% a0 n. V(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving% p! P' D& v, z: E, E
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
8 n% x0 N$ L5 M2 ~4 Hpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset# F! o9 `9 Z _+ y" @9 w. S O
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
; `9 B9 ^+ b6 bsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a5 T% A+ h0 A8 Z5 N* ^( X
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; U" p6 t' U# Z+ S5 w" a
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In# z; P2 |6 s$ s" `$ A
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
+ ?/ z( G2 m- D' h( z# v* O1 gthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..# R/ }/ R% n7 C; A. X- w, ?
6 t8 N, h& M9 z# G6 G1 N+ H(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
( p% @6 s d8 X Y* @5 p. ?and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
