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1 t& l- {/ I% N& M5 k U说汉语者使用大脑更多部分
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说汉语普通话者讲话时同时使用大脑两边 , Z) E( U5 N* P% K+ X
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英国的研究人员发现,说汉语普通话的人可能比说英语的人用更多大脑。研究表明,说汉语普通话者讲话时同时使用大脑两边。 " j- N+ c9 [5 E6 e( z$ b
说英语者只使用大脑一边。研究人员说,这项研究能够促进了解大脑处理语言的过程。 7 ^1 `6 h g5 |/ M5 z# Q4 O
另外,这项研究还可以帮助研究人员找到更好的办法,帮助人们在中风或者脑部受到类似损害后重新学习,掌握语言技能。
1 T) k/ L$ R7 M9 r* H在这项研究中,操汉语普通话和操英语的两组人接受脑部扫描。研究人员发现,人们讲英语时,靠近左太阳穴的左颞叶开始活跃。
) W) j5 `* R5 y J( d他们发现,大脑这个区域的功能是把发音联系起来,形成单个词汇。 3 f( h0 Y4 t/ K: A- b. b2 e
研究发现,人们说汉语时,左颞叶和右颞叶一起活跃。研究人员说,说不同语言时,人的大脑在以不同方式破译语言。这就推翻了长期以来的看法。 3 g+ i( Z/ n( _ @, a2 z/ z/ m$ ?
汉语普通话十分难学。不同于操英语者,说汉语者使用音调区分不同词的不同意思。比如"马"音,用不同音调发音,可以是马,妈等不同的意思。9 s% G7 z% q; i. e% `# a& m- ?
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0 v' a9 z" Z6 @Chinese 'takes more brainpower' : m6 L5 L9 u& e0 }" n S/ M4 i; T
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Speaking Chinese may take more brainpower than speaking English, a study suggests.
3 |; Z/ t+ c" `( ]5 XResearchers in Britain have found that people who speak Mandarin Chinese use both sides of their brain to understand the language.
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This compares to English-language speakers who only need to use one side of their brain.
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The researchers said the findings could boost understanding of how the brain processes languages. 8 `7 y0 L: C6 W7 @4 m% T
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This, in turn, could one day help scientists to develop better ways of helping people to re-learn languages after a stroke or similar damage to the brain.
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/ Y/ b9 a/ s @/ [; u: ` mBrain scans
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Dr Sophie Scott and colleagues at the Wellcome Trust carried out brain scans on a group of Mandarin and English speakers.
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They found that the left temporal lobe, which is located by the left temple, becomes active when English speakers hear English.
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; ] ~4 H/ T) W- }4 L4 i7 TThe researchers believe that this area of the brain links speech sounds together to form individual words. 3 i+ b% @$ z# s: t- G9 u9 W
0 h( s9 R6 \- }; bThey expected similar findings when they carried out scans on Mandarin speakers.
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! l0 V. ~& _6 n- EHowever, they found that both their left and right temporal lobes become active when they hear Mandarin.
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"People who speak different sorts of languages use their brains to decode speech in different ways," said Dr Scott. ) Q& }% a* I$ O& D
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"It overturned some long-held theories." 2 [+ m M# i- _6 H3 T
2 J$ X" W( l( T9 u: cMandarin is a notoriously difficult language to learn. Unlike English, speakers use intonation to distinguish between completely different meanings of particular words. & O5 s0 N- i# C; @
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For instance, the word "ma" can mean mother, scold, horse or hemp depending on how it is said. & E$ L) ~) I7 u6 w7 h' b
* |% b) E+ }; a/ {The researchers believe that this need to interpret intonation is why Mandarin speakers need to use both sides of their brain. T0 }; ^6 Q# G8 Y/ s
M) o7 P D# z) _2 i0 oThe right temporal lobe is normally associated with being able to process music or tones. $ y. c& E7 q" b! ^
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"We think that Mandarin speakers interpret intonation and melody in the right temporal lobe to give the correct meaning to the spoken words," said Dr Scott. . l6 Q" H2 _- J& k9 E+ e# e) Z/ N
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"It seems that the structure of the language you learn as a child affects how the structure of your brain develops to decode speech. 8 K$ R* I; E2 x
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"Native English speakers, for example, find it extraordinarily difficult to learn Mandarin." " W2 o Q3 m( _0 w) Q' q$ k
]4 T# a: p+ A+ I% VLearning languages ! S0 \: U9 E- \ U' j
k3 ?+ u' @0 o2 T* U* wDr Scott said the findings could help scientists to understand how the brain learns language. 3 M$ C9 }% k/ f
1 L' h/ z$ p5 FIt could be particularly useful in trying to understand how it re-learns language after a stroke. 5 [3 p; \, v9 A3 G
- L1 h4 L. }' l! ?7 O1 SShe suggested it could also lead to new drugs to help people who have lost their language skills.
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. Z4 F4 W' I; W! i' _6 x+ K"There is evidence from other studies that certain drugs affect learning in the brain regions that support hearing and speech," she said. : b+ [* x) F$ Z9 ]7 E
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"This is something we can improve on."
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: v6 { S0 u+ L+ }* ?# i3 UDr William Marslen-Wilson, of the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at Cambridge University, welcomed the study. 9 T+ W7 w! P" {4 w$ J7 Z$ G: ?8 ~
/ A/ d7 l Y9 t- @* Z"It is an interesting finding," he told BBC News Online. 7 |/ q* D D6 J2 n
! r! B" A) b9 ~"Looking at languages that are very different from each other helps us to understand how the brain processes language. . o4 r# M5 G$ m! N
0 X: F2 N; G3 x% u. q) j"It can also help us to understand language rehabilitation," he said. " D9 V6 P) a2 ^/ ]! M I
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"This field is really opening up but it is very early days." # R( F) q% P. k) z, M9 a
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The findings will be included in the summer science exhibition at the Royal Society in London, which runs from 1 to 3 July.
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) w0 H8 Z9 P+ z+ A3 p7 F! r7 A* \Story from BBC NEWS:
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[ Last edited by victorw on 2005-2-24 at 06:22 PM ] |
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