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$ B6 {2 v7 ?, @. A8 h* M5 S! q3 P1 Fhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106886 P7 q0 l4 y0 B1 x/ X! H
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China, {8 b7 c8 w9 G- T2 q
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of7 }+ Q" I+ S) I u
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.5 t8 A$ Y9 J& E4 X! N
& z: j: O! O/ B1 ~: p. C
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of5 I/ @2 ?! P# E2 S
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
u. f* y8 B s0 _
. O7 X: T+ u8 |( d* R Y7 T. R: mSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .* `, g/ M2 F* K
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20184 b7 p1 {6 K9 s
Published online 26 January 2018
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1 m& n9 M0 ~$ Q1 Z8 E) g1 \Abstract. j' z* d2 d8 i3 u- W" Z
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
# Q; w9 [ C$ QDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
2 T9 Q/ w* L* cTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
; k. e: \4 Q' sengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not% E2 K9 _# l: P) i [
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific3 {- Q# h( t) e* [: q
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
7 U, l+ Q( U! S% r# i% g* h, wto the standardization of the scientific terminology# w- q; m+ u; G. Q! i, U0 U* [! f
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
1 I$ L, n( w9 Q: ~" e. Wscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,8 W7 [8 N1 t( @' q7 @5 Z% @
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the, t% i- _ }) L/ a% A' j5 i" C
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
, j& v7 T& S' x4 Uin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
/ [0 v' g; I; d% She established had helped greatly with the popularization
4 b& F8 T3 O' Y( [, t7 c) L' xof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring3 ^: W( ~+ N! \( G- y6 J
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way G7 d* p* R: g) m3 H! Z6 o. O' s
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
" n$ L5 {6 O, c8 t" D7 Dthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
; k3 t: a/ k# Z+ {- j# Bgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
* b. C5 y7 U; S2 oterminology./ ^# t4 r4 A; K Q
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
' ^9 Y- n- h4 L" W* XStandardization of terminology translation
# l7 {9 [; j. NYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to; C0 P S% B* X
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern! J8 f; d3 v( J/ }4 \% Q
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
9 O" G0 A( }! i( nfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
' ^3 ~5 f5 h+ p2 f5 y; \1 i2 K0 CDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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- l, L: a! g, T6 d3 g, a$ `8 W4 W* AINTRODUCTION3 j( U4 p0 W# c( D: V7 P! j: F3 a
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and d8 v5 \9 L% L7 p, j7 s, f
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
3 X5 P9 j3 [* r. Y* r) |Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
* k( a( b2 C5 H3 m% {. WHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of( q4 K$ _) j W6 f9 R* a6 D
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed) n* m) n+ x& s' Z8 N/ |0 t7 J5 i
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as! t( E: J( W6 z9 g, \% x' D
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on" j; H( S# P% h3 Y2 s
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
, p6 L* d) o* m; f- L. z) ]3 `1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific! F; V, f( C: J# e) w% M
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
1 [, \" u/ v7 D2 w$ d l+ K% |. \1 \Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.; A' W1 y: M% g$ u4 Z% Z" s
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated$ y! i2 w' [' L# I, p
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant9 ?7 i2 t& _: Q6 Y3 V' p
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
, m0 Y9 g$ x! N! m6 q5 crevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
! ?% Y; B) f+ {( l- r* q& Z- BFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
. D% H$ V( z0 O- E! kbooks that made him the most productive one among the
( d3 g& P* q6 m( F* Bforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,5 y/ P1 ]$ c) N
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
& Y. u4 Y1 ?: Gnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
' X. |3 f3 n M B' I9 Zpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).- H5 t/ H- i) ]8 ~
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
, W+ U# p8 J$ |/ zalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
0 [. g2 G4 r/ k: E U; nscience and the standardization of translated scientific; ~3 O4 f2 K( Y1 J/ k4 d: J
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
6 ?+ y H. s( w1 `3 ~4 xmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
9 n4 }5 e; i4 ~establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
, l' m$ p5 o0 ]9 j" ?contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
, K% \; X; }! A3 y' G) Uof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in3 k9 C# R6 d+ F2 q% E4 d
Modern China.; L( i5 r- y$ A/ H7 ^
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
# G! o6 I! {" P+ p9 d! ^The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
/ Y8 q2 @% @3 Ktravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
% C' n* I7 q9 {3 d+ ta lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In6 r7 k* R6 q; j; [3 I2 Z, C
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and8 F" L5 ]$ L1 P, ]+ c$ u Z
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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