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/ ~( _4 N- G8 Y, o' A; L% y3 khttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106881 ?! ^" {2 d. m$ K( l& K2 R
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
4 y& x' G6 r; YYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
. I# m: M7 N# @. b3 D4 r' CFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.5 ?! x7 ~2 y% J. p) s8 F
6 s' U% D$ o P0 u7 K# s
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of7 p" i: D2 ?. ^, g
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
8 g& H: a: z7 I; q1 U! v' K- v0 Z% O0 p7 r; Z
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .2 Q/ I; e# E3 l6 T( Y _2 A$ O
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018) i) G4 O/ ?2 q
Published online 26 January 2018( j6 S# ~- h, R, h: q
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2 p6 q$ F- r$ I! f: Y9 F, B! \7 DAbstract5 Y: G4 g( @" f7 A& n0 T4 a5 h
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing$ \/ o% U' [2 M5 t2 u4 @! i
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
1 ?& y8 e9 E1 ^5 U6 }0 YTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been& k! t" a, P a: D8 x( ]8 N
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
; z2 u( E5 b* ] s D0 Y3 u% ronly having translated a great deal of Western scientific' Z& |7 g1 I9 y% f6 y) D
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly/ X L9 d. e4 ^1 e0 y6 j
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
! l( c* L8 w/ Y0 ftranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
8 _6 h3 ~) u) Q" T' d! o. c( ]scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
: S7 u6 f7 t3 y; F" j/ e' v0 ?and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the. J7 ?5 s! ^! v& D$ [$ n
standardization of the scientific terminology translation+ Y* ?0 C) c7 g5 o1 W& S" `
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien# q# `) m; \' d) ~% y$ C! s$ \
he established had helped greatly with the popularization' @2 X/ ?4 V# B* S6 [, v4 t+ N
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring1 `/ H& _7 I+ c5 o
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
! Q: ^) _. E! v l, u7 Bfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and* A5 i+ T- F& f
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
+ ?; _/ i& N3 {9 [7 F/ g& ^ \great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
) N3 m5 o# F1 ^- `. R8 D/ _2 p1 U. ~4 [terminology.
' e3 n5 t5 H1 d$ E9 V7 aKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;# P% ~1 A& |/ W0 I7 f
Standardization of terminology translation
- E; l* v/ T( C BYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to. o4 B9 l2 a5 H1 d: R! U
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
) @7 [3 `* e6 _, J/ W: N# MChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
! d' q _2 o% L4 X# A. R$ ~8 W4 dfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
6 X% z4 O5 n% L. a" i) HDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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5 v# v d. E' S/ pINTRODUCTION' {9 r" v" E6 _
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and) z1 j3 k. \/ H9 L) L3 ?
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).5 l1 u6 T" Z# T# d0 V
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
: a; J3 g i. E: `5 `Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
( T2 z( b/ ]' W0 I; [4 aSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
# U. K; x( b; h/ a Fby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as1 G) n' G- y) H+ C# m. x, @6 }* g
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
3 Z) c; C7 _3 S v( R$ Yhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
+ r3 u) b( ^, q: F7 j1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific' ?0 m7 r& ~8 x: p- z: f
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
0 z0 ~- _8 U* WFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
+ g! i( T f) GNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated0 n7 U, t- P8 k6 K
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
! O6 F7 p) V$ d/ @8 { Wwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,& M4 Y3 Q* }! o) j
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
: H$ q3 O4 ~ r0 A0 b: gFryer translated more than one hundred of Western) u0 p' T9 A/ w, y' g. `- I
books that made him the most productive one among the+ X0 M4 g& p. y6 ?. }
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,* ]: r" a9 V* {! R0 r
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
- |+ `+ ~" u& ~, Wnoble work which could help accelerate the process of0 L$ V' S8 N) ?( d# g
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).9 I' c9 B) ]2 ?' `
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer$ D7 L; e+ @" L9 ]9 |7 w' e
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
$ ~) N4 P1 _8 Kscience and the standardization of translated scientific, s) x7 H9 S' M" r, R& j5 `
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific" ~" \/ c& x% T" H/ i6 ^# h/ Y1 E
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
# H2 j g# b1 |( Yestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another, K/ {! v1 H+ {5 q5 G
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series1 g. {0 F d- P
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in7 W& n% \/ G, m- w3 p) A+ [
Modern China.
6 k- V" L3 D" [' v3 yAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
' C5 s+ {! v7 E2 gThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of; l! } f3 N$ M+ f& X# H
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing6 P, d; {. S `$ v( x# T4 U
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In3 ~: t( ^- g3 ^1 \" } g; ?
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and: A W( ~" F* r6 e" V* B2 l* n
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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