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How to figure a home's fundamental value
' u, Z5 \0 N9 DLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.: B) R" q6 k5 h _
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.# n2 Y' v/ J4 q3 J6 [2 \
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.! Z, G+ z$ d5 T) N8 x2 b6 y9 d
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.7 G" z( j' u* e- H$ F5 N
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
/ Q8 W2 b; z7 O) B0 vNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.9 v% {* V( w2 ]; k! p I
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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1 G! D) @4 j8 }' @% MIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas % I8 l# d( x- t; f2 z
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 1 ]" x0 g! h- `
Boston 20.5 30.2 ' [4 ] a, i/ H
San Diego 22.8 29.7 ) U+ v6 [% I2 |; g
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
% Q, e. {. K2 n8 ?/ J0 v3 ?Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 # X- A5 u8 v" z3 V0 V/ b
Seattle 20.4 25
7 K& Y$ Q3 j. FDenver 17.7 23.7 ' \; r; C" e' B; }: g0 W) H5 Z% m
New York 21.2 22.5 ! @5 @! r( L5 G, n6 U
Chicago 17.2 20.8 6 }6 z3 m8 s/ g( q! A
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.+ n4 w+ ~) c! ]1 M, J
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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