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How to figure a home's fundamental value
- F8 H1 E5 s& p! y* Y( U3 yLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.) ], d! H! h# ^# R e t: y
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.% g3 k0 N, i E( @3 ` k
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988./ B% x, c7 W# \
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
7 I" g w" N$ N, l$ u, d; eSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.; V1 m! v/ Q& _8 o1 p8 Y3 u0 a
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
( o5 p; @% e: r# m6 IYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.: M- m& f% j9 \- r% r
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas $ e# e, s* |, \' S( S' E
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 : y V0 }7 ?+ V- y
Boston 20.5 30.2
' S& d. L; O1 I- dSan Diego 22.8 29.7
/ w% D+ F+ W' ]/ g7 M. mSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 2 T! @+ _' I) r) Q
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
C+ V6 p& S! F1 d- [Seattle 20.4 25
" u$ @3 V4 ^7 ?& x( sDenver 17.7 23.7
7 A; e) S. w2 i, _' L0 @6 j% e/ [New York 21.2 22.5
7 i" R' f( S; L- k( I& h2 F6 ZChicago 17.2 20.8 1 B, r2 r5 T7 [% m6 z2 Q
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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& G! X* N+ l) \. `1 m& B" EIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.( W$ V3 M: `; E8 K3 j+ l
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+ B; D# e+ m; [! O/ Z3 zFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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