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How to figure a home's fundamental value
: J) i4 i: F nLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.% X9 a1 }% ]5 e( h$ {% v" j; C
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed." U1 _0 y0 z$ S3 @
! p$ D& p5 I8 J* n# a: [Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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+ }7 ]. T5 e3 e! v: F# p, |San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.8 \& M* C$ ?: q: ~8 I
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.+ G- G! M& Y& C
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
1 S( x9 U/ e7 R/ vYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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" N2 G& b' P* t0 f, XIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.) V& L1 C% a3 c+ L8 ]
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2 4 T. T7 y( \7 C, h0 }! f
San Diego 22.8 29.7
' t; }4 S- }' M+ KSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
. ~5 d+ M, q9 c8 Z! ]" i9 TLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
$ m ?$ U. i, D$ C3 A& N, ISeattle 20.4 25
/ {) R0 D' q! k3 qDenver 17.7 23.7
2 N5 s# j5 h2 @* I+ d1 x6 a, VNew York 21.2 22.5
, u) d m, Y; r, }, [5 w$ ]. vChicago 17.2 20.8
/ \& Y3 j; V7 {0 ~8 UWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.2 Y4 U5 g0 S( E
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- Y, a1 H, \: ~- J( @7 @# P2 ^From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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