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How to figure a home's fundamental value
4 D2 y9 R+ s6 ULeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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* M# E' [ |6 a8 [+ y7 ?( \Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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: T) E! V6 l! D4 c( ?To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:) l5 D' `* s: s! B0 z
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$ W' | s& v6 A1 xIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.( }+ U$ j- ~& j. [. J
; ]: {' k; Y9 n. ]$ h* i+ \San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
4 s* e' B! _: S/ hSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.) `$ K& M2 q9 u5 \+ D) I4 O
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
8 g+ i1 b4 |% z% T. S" f N+ o- qYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.4 C) ~) i v! T+ I5 K3 S/ z, A8 x
: G) h5 y8 [; ` Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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San Diego 22.8 29.7
9 e1 f3 x1 R* `7 z/ D: C& lSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 , U7 n8 S$ K% e# s8 t" A' m) B$ i
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 K; `# X- x; P) r5 K
Seattle 20.4 25 ! @3 {. @: U# v F5 w" ?7 j
Denver 17.7 23.7 5 v* R# m9 F! l* ~7 a
New York 21.2 22.5 : g+ P9 p+ v& O3 f) d! R. ?
Chicago 17.2 20.8 ) N4 l; Y+ n4 \/ h) s! W( B; e
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 / s- Z, F" l4 _3 l5 [
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.6 c/ h0 N/ x8 o0 A
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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