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| How to figure a home's fundamental value+ h4 h0 M# f5 x, i! \2 n& @2 N' Q  h Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.* {$ ^- j. ~' p$ c% K' s3 J3 V
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 Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.8 C; W$ p) N. Q2 O$ ?
 
 7 N+ t/ w& M) x0 Y4 Y! }+ u  {Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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 + h1 q" v% x4 }To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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 In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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 San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
 - ]8 u/ r3 }) }, i' fSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.# S# x3 d9 V8 r; n% `
 New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
 ( I, c" R2 A4 W4 [7 d' FYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ( E3 b' y( y0 O* Z8 y+ X! O# U
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 If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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 If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.$ {, O! z. l/ M3 R8 S
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 Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
 # I  z% s% G; Y( J$ M# g4 W Avg. 1988-2000 2001
 " ^: v2 Z/ h4 D# B/ F8 X: PBoston  20.5 30.2 ) ^/ g( r4 y1 z6 v5 }7 h
 San Diego  22.8 29.7
 5 k5 K1 Z' o% n# K1 R  CSan Francisco  23.8 27.2 5 u* K. D' {7 G9 {
 Los Angeles  21.3 25.6
 1 F( c# o  p1 J/ v/ }8 x4 k- ASeattle  20.4 25 8 A: h1 ?6 z* {" {" Y* m+ ^4 y
 Denver  17.7 23.7 ) B* O7 J- H5 S9 q% i% |
 New York  21.2 22.5
 0 a# c# w% f. O" H. J4 _Chicago  17.2 20.8 ! z7 t, Z" Z. o# S! N! a
 Washington, D.C.  17.1 20.4
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 : B9 b5 E( t; G& hIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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 From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp
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