 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 e5 X+ \7 s/ ~3 [/ S! {) FFormal Statements+ Q6 k# K2 M( {/ h+ ^
1. Public Speeches
+ i1 b6 {. I0 A ]$ I 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ h! G4 P! c( e5 t6 T0 m 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& K [8 w+ O. c w+ p& c" h
4. Signed public statements
: n; D D8 W+ i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention, W5 n+ ?. X( ^; t2 O# q
6. Group or mass petitions1 ^ }: ^. u$ A F6 G: c* ^% ?
! n2 w3 i9 M0 k( ?6 K* H
Communications with a Wider Audience
& C& {. l2 X6 E$ D: m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: z% P" |: `/ d! o! P 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( H$ M A( F/ }* K6 c
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: \5 j) J' X( ~ 10. Newspapers and journals7 N) M( R4 y8 E$ b- E) ~ n
11. Records, radio, and television5 [, o `# x4 V$ ^% J4 E
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: `; ~( h; e5 [: e& v$ D& M& E1 x2 X. P2 Q; b6 Q
Group Representations
; s( M$ O. b. p9 B& I- Z 13. Deputations ]1 g" K! v) d M! z8 \8 R: N
14. Mock awards
/ W: q4 @( V2 E7 I) p 15. Group lobbying$ p \3 \; Y: c9 {+ l3 A
16. Picketing
5 A1 S- E; J/ o2 g D' u# h 17. Mock elections
1 E0 S( ?$ S) k. F; `4 `5 x# y8 a! T8 N: x, I' @& G
Symbolic Public Acts( V7 |% R5 H4 {! @+ [ Y$ _; x6 O! R
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 F! u$ J5 ]. v6 Q% j
19. Wearing of symbols
, X' Z9 C3 |6 d, ~) _ 20. Prayer and worship4 \2 c3 r$ E$ y+ z4 N) ^+ r
21. Delivering symbolic objects
T2 K2 r2 K: ]+ ^ 22. Protest disrobings
% M ~$ v7 a- e. H# M 23. Destruction of own property( p8 u, i# b0 V. o; E
24. Symbolic lights
. I# G& v! I" E 25. Displays of portraits* l. T& ^1 Z l3 |
26. Paint as protest) ^( @6 b4 J* n' R! ?5 K }
27. New signs and names
?: Y o; K/ a9 d( _ 28. Symbolic sounds
# D$ t2 E# Y) ~% f; j 29. Symbolic reclamations L( `4 X" Y$ I- U* ]+ n
30. Rude gestures. Y6 g6 w8 S& \( H7 }
* z8 r+ u: }4 m, N( L
Pressures on Individuals
: ?. k* [ f* ^9 |( j 31. “Haunting” officials
, @6 h, i7 P! M- P4 {% E+ G y; ]$ U 32. Taunting officials
, t* B; d _6 q& z- f# P+ R" H 33. Fraternization$ ]: Q0 e3 z* I/ m/ b+ h2 Z8 V
34. Vigils
- B6 \0 K C4 i4 v' Y- V- j$ [* T- F7 X3 H5 f9 c& U
Drama and Music6 k O$ w0 l; @' `( I6 f# ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks5 ~& t% D* L$ n! Q9 f
36. Performances of plays and music
9 {6 R/ D1 @" _: t. e! Y 37. Singing( ]2 F/ y7 `/ w( z' Q5 G
* Z4 I$ B; a% ~( N# ? V) o1 h; ?. O
Processions3 V# T. M, \+ W7 X6 o- [
38. Marches
7 ?* H) Z5 |+ a/ `# r" ?- w! `$ b 39. Parades) P7 @# v+ ?* j# t5 J- v6 a8 [& X
40. Religious processions* c# R/ k* ^/ i$ y: a8 A4 Y
41. Pilgrimages% y' X% a5 K5 w; S" S1 |: D
42. Motorcades, B2 x6 E ?- C9 ?8 Y
) O. g6 b; r+ c4 u2 n# iHonoring the Dead
% u% a. m4 ?) L% {2 m 43. Political mourning& k% i1 y2 P( B, {
44. Mock funerals$ e/ C/ H% \3 k" B2 Y- ?
45. Demonstrative funerals7 W. o X# _+ j! D! W
46. Homage at burial places% ^" b7 m9 d; T' k8 d( P! W
. U$ ~% Z" L+ m) c3 ?5 H4 [0 H: Y
Public Assemblies
/ {3 z6 i" `2 [ {5 z, m 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 Q _) M- X% _$ m' W% a+ n& L9 m
48. Protest meetings
4 a; x y+ w* D' z: [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 S6 @2 @ ^- C+ |+ G/ G& @
50. Teach-ins0 w( M- `' {+ q! E; f8 q2 C4 {
- t- h7 H0 B! D3 D" dWithdrawal and Renunciation
1 i' _0 L$ i& j5 y, T/ n+ H' W 51. Walk-outs6 q$ g/ q% U6 R# v1 r; K# N4 w
52. Silence
7 z8 f: ? q: e4 @+ [ 53. Renouncing honors8 b/ k; c3 F" {3 N- \5 X, j
54. Turning one’s back+ N# y/ F% z5 `7 h% x8 H* Z
3 f, C9 k" s" s: ]! r, ? E+ d
7 W! D9 v/ U1 v, l$ @0 O
: D4 |9 P- j/ c5 x; H3 W8 }' `THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, ]( o2 ?7 V/ U+ |2 O0 f& c2 Q) Q- u) y% I
. \# z4 k3 h+ F. [; m$ P6 ]8 X0 [ P% r" N# k, a7 ^
Ostracism of Persons8 q* O* B' B! f
55. Social boycott+ B: k4 J+ E( j: p# z
56. Selective social boycott
. H* E- E$ T- k+ Y: ~/ e2 x 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: i- p& J( z8 ~! X, t) m 58. Excommunication
' Y' j# k2 N4 D" k# d 59. Interdict
5 F: E! y3 u1 {1 ]# ]2 U& g8 ?
+ P1 m$ @& N2 l a+ iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* P, n N& s. F- J# r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 I4 x- S% `. Q9 a 61. Boycott of social affairs) o+ @/ P: G" g/ h `
62. Student strike
8 l7 _: G) H8 v! W 63. Social disobedience* E8 J. G2 A/ `; a/ t& b2 a. r; b$ J: D
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 n6 c) K7 S" M3 v# l6 J8 b9 C# S, p0 D; h. U% W
Withdrawal from the Social System# Y6 |1 p5 F- a% L
65. Stay-at-home @4 v0 Z* M* n& \- Q' w& q
66. Total personal noncooperation
# q; E* o$ }: G) Q 67. “Flight” of workers
% [, ?& Z) [. p3 u4 d Q 68. Sanctuary
" B+ C( i8 l2 k6 f2 C$ g# [ 69. Collective disappearance$ I( A0 ~& B% P; q& `6 T
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 ]- v; m6 r! {6 f5 q3 h! l4 q
& G% X5 d- j$ j y I9 ^ 1 H9 C9 v0 C, T& n" c- n. x
0 Q6 ]# K+ Q) S& r1 B" @2 |( b: w+ e) CTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! K0 ^# u6 }9 e) i% x; P/ q' E
, ?3 e5 D; R, R; }) }. `
6 l/ [2 x, }; w% s" `
Actions by Consumers
8 z7 J7 R& F! ?/ l 71. Consumers’ boycott; x9 f$ P' a; E5 c) `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 V8 y4 A) N4 F/ Z/ Z 73. Policy of austerity
+ z+ P% n0 q1 A' i P4 n* @* c 74. Rent withholding# Y% M( H* J& J5 Y$ L5 y" V+ {( p
75. Refusal to rent
~& d) b% A) @, ` 76. National consumers’ boycott
( ~; g. R+ M2 C; F' y, d 77. International consumers’ boycott* V8 Y: a, M; L y
6 q& f4 o- `" @6 OAction by Workers and Producers
0 _) k) r, L/ t3 Y5 v 78. Workmen’s boycott$ g' Z' s. H2 C: t/ {+ y) x
79. Producers’ boycott) g2 _5 }9 |6 N# B8 T
) [! b$ I" d8 C" C0 A
Action by Middlemen
# }% R5 G6 g# Y/ V% Y. X" \5 M* L9 a 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* l& D2 V9 A8 B' @6 j6 D
) m: p$ M/ V& C$ t3 q
Action by Owners and Management
# h0 g# g5 \$ B+ @2 k$ Z; Z* ~6 q& I 81. Traders’ boycott/ W" C/ p; Q) c( v; A
82. Refusal to let or sell property) l* x8 W2 J7 O" v3 q
83. Lockout
% |* \9 _3 j2 ]3 Q# \! b 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ ^2 o& r4 Y8 s1 U 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 X) N r5 f! b, |) l8 ~! e% _# ?% t) S, R7 W2 N: f
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 ]& u6 e7 t8 K) w' k; t3 O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" V5 R, P7 n$ R) S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! i8 I( b& \+ o Z8 c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 v8 _# X P0 m 89. Severance of funds and credit
0 P7 C9 |1 }( k) X- ?+ X 90. Revenue refusal4 g- O/ U) C7 D0 v) V
91. Refusal of a government’s money
& S" j- q4 k. d# d6 Y% [/ A. i8 E4 c+ p
Action by Governments
6 m4 J6 O; q$ c: f$ b 92. Domestic embargo2 | ~7 V9 Y& E# U4 \+ p* ^+ T
93. Blacklisting of traders/ y2 u! E( O+ d0 n+ b
94. International sellers’ embargo- Z2 X1 h0 x8 H- g5 F" X
95. International buyers’ embargo, a1 Z' U2 @2 s4 j' ~, q1 k
96. International trade embargo
# y* p$ S5 ?. Y1 h: i V
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* A0 c) q7 I+ A2 O; d2 x$ \THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
g/ G2 H. K6 X \- X" G8 I
% @+ z) J/ m$ f3 W7 D a0 B5 |$ z' X, [! F( m( T
Symbolic Strikes
9 q; [5 X6 a4 r! o 97. Protest strike
% L' c: ^: g0 C7 V! u3 M. E4 a 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike), R: w- j* e; k$ l
+ l6 \( {/ C" \Agricultural Strikes& u$ J/ r5 B0 u4 ~: j& M
99. Peasant strike* r1 n+ t! m) U) z& J
100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 ~$ w; m" P& N4 i' z/ r! A9 [
' i! T& {9 Q8 @. y* d6 HStrikes by Special Groups/ v+ Y! W+ i% {8 J: I1 ^: z# i& V
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 `( k. Z9 ]+ G 102. Prisoners’ strike( b4 F1 K6 y/ [! n G
103. Craft strike
' |! U- N G6 l8 n9 z 104. Professional strike
7 m$ @) k5 v. Y* `4 ~, k* j+ w
6 l6 ?- H. l# @- U& {" c: VOrdinary Industrial Strikes
+ R! ?/ U* S6 S9 I1 Y 105. Establishment strike" R2 C! Z4 a0 |, o
106. Industry strike
B Y- C" m$ p. @; F 107. Sympathetic strike4 z1 D. A' @5 `
' u2 u0 x& { k9 e, f* Z
Restricted Strikes- M& d0 _' a% A$ h- x, c* {+ A' h
108. Detailed strike( v+ T) O7 ]" `" m4 Q
109. Bumper strike
: q- b9 |" k$ v 110. Slowdown strike4 E$ x6 y; G9 g0 R5 j- |
111. Working-to-rule strike% w/ d6 G0 Q9 H: D/ y- @) A) w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ r1 Y- Z5 B- V1 p/ }. _: W 113. Strike by resignation
6 j! Z+ r% R# H9 r 114. Limited strike( T/ M& ?4 H, F6 X( J0 p+ F
115. Selective strike
! Z; B2 F9 k3 t+ e A$ E; m
& g& N& ^3 T6 h8 MMulti-Industry Strikes& k9 ?/ v5 S' o1 ?" K' ]
: B$ i! E6 h( z2 v. k
116. Generalized strike
3 c" I' ~8 l- @0 F* v' ]& l, L# h) Q3 x9 I9 A1 i5 w
117. General strike
- Y2 e9 X9 t5 V
9 t8 ` e7 Y) w2 S5 D0 z5 v. ]Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 m4 F: ~! b' X* r& t8 ? N' R
" g8 Z/ G3 g* a/ @4 X
118. Hartal
7 E5 I5 {! t% [" }0 b$ _$ D
# q& J V. a& n2 \6 z 119. Economic shutdown1 |. x! N! ~, w! p& \' t9 K
5 c. Q. M# d' C! M
0 f, b! `0 D# g* Y4 I1 J
2 O! C# G: r/ u9 ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
7 s: w4 f; o1 h, }' |3 P- u. d4 x9 J/ W: i+ V9 ]
7 T; H4 O' Q% a1 _+ ORejection of Authority
4 I% \) G) {1 T, N- v 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( Y7 L: ]5 k& U 121. Refusal of public support. b; c: M( e2 B( D- K
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: V4 D6 K" _3 ~% _7 L4 z1 _- I& [# @1 W
5 G/ R+ I9 }1 B, l ]1 ?" Y: H. S3 lCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government B- \0 l3 @; r. [) O' y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ j" Q z, @" |4 H; G# S 124. Boycott of elections
2 ~$ ^+ M1 P( A4 A+ L1 R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; D0 O, r: ?0 p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies8 c( u4 J- K* {/ D8 q
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( l, U7 u: n( l! e 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ k: _* B2 m' v; Q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 [6 ?$ d1 g( O" g* K: i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 Z P2 E; f+ ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% s' L2 [. @+ f8 r m# k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 [$ Q- ~- E! j. m" \* W
/ L0 v$ R! P9 q( c `1 n8 x
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 h* k3 k" q3 j ]/ S# \. K
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) _+ Q6 w! v$ B3 ~# ~( M 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 g/ v0 u+ G: | 135. Popular nonobedience9 l+ x, @* p1 ~. ~3 q
136. Disguised disobedience2 C( n/ L2 N* i9 h; u4 k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; _* N7 K: R N4 w, O, v8 j 138. Sitdown
- ]8 Y$ d, \$ ]: @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, v9 ? X' R& J6 H. ]0 C 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 w. y9 I' t ]: A0 N; a# \
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. u* ]! t% E. T2 J; H' N, P- W3 y' \0 i$ Z
Action by Government Personnel
4 l, j% j" M" m- ~0 {% q- M 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, K/ v4 g9 d, v3 b- h `) r3 u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& B+ i5 F" v/ q. q# x. F& a# e 144. Stalling and obstruction
. ^. E# |( T: u& b1 n 145. General administrative noncooperation& t l7 U5 ]8 W( I: K
2 j+ `8 q# j7 F% z
146. Judicial noncooperation8 r* e# j. O+ n6 i8 C) e3 w7 D
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ A c$ C9 m& H2 x
148. Mutiny! H, B7 w- u/ Q
Domestic Governmental Action! ~4 l* l+ l; V+ T7 S
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ a5 `! [! P; n! [$ w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 X3 f% s4 t+ t
& H7 c% Y- n3 u8 i1 m
International Governmental Action5 i# K8 w2 w' F
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: O f) k; N/ o. d7 p U, O 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 F( o4 r0 n9 g! w2 M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 z" h' i8 ?' P# D5 t5 m% e! [" k 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 G2 T1 n) C& E+ e, P 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- n- E7 a4 ]" `/ W) [ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# n, l! }: y, V x# g) W* C 157. Expulsion from international organizations: _* G% Q& V7 G8 A4 |( n
, Y+ s% p* X4 Z; J* E$ A7 w
( V% L! [7 u, G) _( D( J
" y; [6 W9 i! u6 c$ y7 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 d) G% h0 o2 ~, n
; I5 Y1 Z. k' `9 ]: F
) n. \7 W& \) i1 I. W# J: p" ZPsychological Intervention3 @: u }' \. N ^9 V0 _' a# [
158. Self-exposure to the elements
# W* N! V& Z2 h# t% q! |" _. [ 159. The fast
- L* @% g* S/ p; o) C# r; y& ~: ? a) Fast of moral pressure
$ E! |9 k; T, O8 S2 P+ Y- g b) Hunger strike4 n7 N% ~6 t# Z0 H7 N* l
c) Satyagrahic fast
$ |6 o! D8 V2 q% b 160. Reverse trial
. J' K: S7 F2 W* q* T& }. C 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 _6 L/ w+ i9 g2 s( y
0 O2 D" h! y4 _% MPhysical Intervention
" ^, m% D9 y- T0 A, Z% P& m7 P 162. Sit-in
/ p- U5 ]: q7 P4 _ `4 ~ 163. Stand-in1 B/ \/ C# a+ g7 t# k$ g, n: O* I0 R
164. Ride-in
% @1 }' j) D6 R4 t% D \. v 165. Wade-in3 J6 p0 ?3 K) R1 {5 d$ Y
166. Mill-in/ e% Q/ ?% V: H8 n
167. Pray-in" F; C# @( E* m$ D6 D* \1 P! c
168. Nonviolent raids5 D8 l4 ^* o7 l
169. Nonviolent air raids8 C! D& r; x' T4 Q% i3 D
170. Nonviolent invasion
. s/ w0 {1 H' { 171. Nonviolent interjection! L$ u. E+ g' X" q# x- x1 X" O3 L: H
172. Nonviolent obstruction
! S# G! J9 i2 S0 K6 W; x) y& O0 S" h 173. Nonviolent occupation: I# _5 q5 e1 Y7 R- M
* n# q5 M/ }0 G1 v3 ySocial Intervention. s+ f8 ]5 v" B2 S1 e, a
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 _7 L+ W7 V: x4 P* n& y' K' n5 o 175. Overloading of facilities
% W, E* L: J1 M& c9 `* E 176. Stall-in' l( l4 a( y. o* R/ s* k1 [* J/ T- F
177. Speak-in5 z! U% a4 ?6 k5 }, b
178. Guerrilla theater
& x; E% ~6 M/ a. P 179. Alternative social institutions: x9 X2 P# f8 u4 p' L7 Z7 F
180. Alternative communication system* n1 M7 C: R; I2 c4 G
6 B6 h8 I4 U- ~% ~$ l' WEconomic Intervention4 P5 L& a5 O4 |5 Y
181. Reverse strike4 r' w' t2 o" m6 ~ d
182. Stay-in strike
7 r9 F. M2 C9 f7 s. l 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 M2 B; I9 g5 B7 A: a+ r
184. Defiance of blockades7 ^) a; `/ T) _; h& G6 o
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- t" B2 ~4 S6 w# g" Z- O 186. Preclusive purchasing: Q2 m$ j6 \4 @" J' o. u
187. Seizure of assets
1 Y5 G, E3 l i$ u' a/ T 188. Dumping, d9 i3 _: M) g5 W( ^' J% |
189. Selective patronage( ]- Y v+ ~8 d. @5 e1 C, I
190. Alternative markets
9 M( S- z0 l% G" P% G* F 191. Alternative transportation systems
" \* [# x4 S' w; l5 r4 R 192. Alternative economic institutions
$ K2 v6 @# t& I# I4 f' P& ~) u/ T6 y* j$ y
Political Intervention
/ n- k6 S7 w X$ Z) b8 w% O/ s: x 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 H) L* b7 y2 O/ P! K8 A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 c c+ X2 s& H! D+ k 195. Seeking imprisonment6 f: ]/ J+ d" I5 [' l
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" ]' N8 v9 r" @# O* [ 197. Work-on without collaboration; m% ^! e3 l5 ]% T
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
