 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 @, _9 L2 q# z; R5 Q
Formal Statements
& S* P8 _9 j$ B) U9 P" `/ R 1. Public Speeches
* {) W! {4 L) K+ S' k 2. Letters of opposition or support- |1 Z1 |! d9 r4 T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ D" |5 M) J& x4 }# P3 ] 4. Signed public statements
; `; e; i2 v" ]1 `3 f4 S$ w 5. Declarations of indictment and intention- B$ X0 D# N6 P
6. Group or mass petitions
) q3 D% u3 _% Q- H- B1 I" V: r. V; ]
Communications with a Wider Audience, V' J7 O& h% Y" T+ b6 l/ c( x- s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, U; S# v; Z( w* Y* U+ f 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 f$ @0 v4 H: h/ X! b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! }% x- q% ^. V. w
10. Newspapers and journals
3 @& i6 Q ^, A% |$ P 11. Records, radio, and television/ ?5 n% J. J0 `& I
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ z& n8 |' i& Y& x( g% a8 |
2 H; m4 L9 s4 z3 ?Group Representations
6 L/ C. p9 d; d7 |6 O `2 a8 @# ? 13. Deputations
7 u$ I" ^8 p& p' j 14. Mock awards
9 k& ~& O( C/ G6 m A 15. Group lobbying% y; Y3 e* v6 r, [
16. Picketing
- y v# F4 n- S 17. Mock elections- c' _# X3 r# O6 {
6 m3 c; Q# p! F, \8 M
Symbolic Public Acts
! h9 x7 v5 ]4 J* u; A( C" d 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 ~; M' x, y( k0 @8 ?4 o
19. Wearing of symbols& V/ U( S! F: V
20. Prayer and worship9 l& E5 W6 I4 m# c
21. Delivering symbolic objects- \. R6 \9 J: y9 r- {# E
22. Protest disrobings8 O) W2 d3 _! c5 Y
23. Destruction of own property
. D) d! c6 N+ R$ k3 c- X 24. Symbolic lights. ?/ q; u* M8 F( J8 D
25. Displays of portraits- h- @4 n5 A, e
26. Paint as protest
4 ~6 y ~1 d. n) g9 t) _, d 27. New signs and names* s& ?: B+ E) u" M
28. Symbolic sounds
: G8 R7 p5 @- r0 d- J7 F 29. Symbolic reclamations
7 j" n* S" k4 G5 v% a 30. Rude gestures
8 Y" w0 z) T. A. v; D
5 A+ p P6 i3 v( C! [Pressures on Individuals: J& A8 j. z* k+ w
31. “Haunting” officials
* {# [( M6 g/ b* ^3 y 32. Taunting officials8 {0 j/ K* J+ `# T& o4 _' q
33. Fraternization7 w, f9 Q. Y3 `6 l" S; m. o
34. Vigils1 f$ a* u* {2 q( a
/ x* a; s( q O) e2 V
Drama and Music# ~; P! ^. M0 P
35. Humorous skits and pranks, m0 y* |. a8 `1 u2 d' n1 @
36. Performances of plays and music9 f- _1 v* h# m% y" M$ y
37. Singing
: |! X/ q* d- |1 S6 C7 W0 u1 f. z0 i0 G
Processions. {& \4 A) W; G
38. Marches. \- ]& t3 o% l3 q% Y& t
39. Parades' K, y, a6 j' k% a; r3 _( v0 I' I
40. Religious processions
" l+ Y: a! f5 `0 \ 41. Pilgrimages; T! |0 ?0 P% b
42. Motorcades6 v, `, E% J" M( s& G/ W+ X
' u, j: R/ K3 S1 J4 mHonoring the Dead
8 K' m, a9 v* ^" t/ `8 V' \ 43. Political mourning" `, p! _, ?* {' K& B0 X! B% p
44. Mock funerals: J: e1 j# r( M. K% K. d; K
45. Demonstrative funerals# U. T9 r- ]; _3 |% ~2 q$ Y
46. Homage at burial places8 y3 e1 Y8 a8 T( k) z) M
2 h- s! Q' m0 h
Public Assemblies
9 `5 }6 q0 s" y5 B6 t* R, R 47. Assemblies of protest or support5 V9 L, h- [$ X6 j9 F1 J8 m( G
48. Protest meetings
+ k, V2 G5 W+ H% M a 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; X5 F: H7 a$ S* y! t/ I
50. Teach-ins
1 |5 r* }, ]4 r6 J4 I! a
3 m: d5 l! Q& K. t; GWithdrawal and Renunciation' v" X% W' ^/ ?, w) X. R) E
51. Walk-outs, D6 p3 I- y- J V, V1 Y. c: |
52. Silence
2 h& L9 j% [5 X/ }! c7 e* C1 k 53. Renouncing honors
7 R& y: D" a, i$ K6 G 54. Turning one’s back9 c8 {2 M4 H7 g$ B! Q8 d! G" l
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% d) j% k f& |4 q8 V. s& ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 p. E4 P) o9 c- H
0 V; x9 T) f. w2 `/ Q& P0 dOstracism of Persons4 [! ]0 @1 b& B& R V
55. Social boycott
* D' k6 P9 E) ]1 c! m |& S 56. Selective social boycott
4 s0 [# Y* w$ t# V2 N! d 57. Lysistratic nonaction
. M3 r+ V; `( o$ c* m6 ?1 c- B 58. Excommunication5 Z2 S5 x9 C( t
59. Interdict
* e3 z$ {: v1 e
8 i+ a9 P$ g# P* l0 LNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 r1 y$ }$ P! Z1 Y! n 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. ]/ o* g% R$ c: l; m 61. Boycott of social affairs" `3 c) A+ x o- R" c+ r8 h. ]
62. Student strike
7 U* p9 F. B. I9 @1 Q9 s: x. y# z 63. Social disobedience
3 z8 `% z7 R e& P* S 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 `" n9 G+ o$ Q1 O6 ?
& Y1 t4 S0 ?% X) x/ M# }# XWithdrawal from the Social System
) k. o/ x4 t- f3 O( C$ @% ^ 65. Stay-at-home
7 k" o8 X# [- Q& T8 `1 i8 | 66. Total personal noncooperation
* I( O& \7 s6 L4 g4 S" K: | 67. “Flight” of workers
1 M) l {' k0 e! X# y 68. Sanctuary% O! ?% N/ `9 Q6 l+ [
69. Collective disappearance9 n6 d& V+ P* o, c9 K7 X4 J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 k9 h, ~3 V: U7 V2 F0 s/ U/ v
& `& I1 R3 A4 }4 u6 U ( r2 r+ B- J6 s6 V. V5 F
1 F7 E H5 o$ X" d7 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, w4 ?$ Z$ w+ {5 _! M
2 R! g; [/ I3 B0 L$ T
7 K4 t- q; K, rActions by Consumers
% ?7 B0 r$ _8 R2 I! g 71. Consumers’ boycott
2 m6 R& o% m* l8 U 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ ?: g! J" v" B" F
73. Policy of austerity
& f& F( Y9 Q# k& k/ _* e 74. Rent withholding
; g4 v( Q6 i" f/ s. L 75. Refusal to rent y* Q! x+ s; K
76. National consumers’ boycott
5 H/ V) }8 M7 @! K 77. International consumers’ boycott
! ^0 Z' e8 `: e% r- Q' `% |1 S
& ] g+ m% Y& {% G+ V) k) `Action by Workers and Producers
) M- i% ]3 e) A1 B 78. Workmen’s boycott
) N' A% m7 I7 K& i 79. Producers’ boycott
7 H% m& ?7 \+ r9 ?4 C; O9 s: j$ T. U9 Z* Z, Y4 ?% [9 F# S g+ Y
Action by Middlemen
D) |# I% H- A 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& C6 \' u8 S7 X+ ^, p* o6 A9 e
% {- ?7 S# q) n3 j- |Action by Owners and Management1 M* ?- o* ~2 m) U* g
81. Traders’ boycott u/ ]6 e1 z5 {+ G4 J2 O" F8 v
82. Refusal to let or sell property! L5 h V& l. N8 e5 N, P
83. Lockout
" p- L9 E; U/ g$ x; t 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 c: f" C/ U2 J, X4 \- c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
Z% _3 F; [4 \9 h3 X# D
/ z# n, ~9 O D/ vAction by Holders of Financial Resources* y' J% D2 L3 F {& E4 c6 }
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' n: | v9 P+ |8 j! D
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 U4 o' h: ] N( N 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 \5 |9 `5 u8 z. }, K* E! d/ q; ? 89. Severance of funds and credit o) f( u, z) k0 F4 \
90. Revenue refusal
; J& p& j2 G1 ^1 ` 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments& C& t/ O6 t$ [+ A! v2 h( Y6 u/ v" R6 y
92. Domestic embargo. R9 ^1 Q4 G- `# U/ N( m/ M, I/ h
93. Blacklisting of traders& [: e( t, T) |* c$ s% d
94. International sellers’ embargo7 o8 L% H9 P6 R4 }4 C
95. International buyers’ embargo
- V& v7 d) ?: D. t: H, v 96. International trade embargo8 @8 A( s* k0 n2 ]- x+ q
4 n$ w' |+ Y% E% X _; C1 c# X
% c+ V/ U& Z$ d3 D0 ^" k* @8 U/ n! a) H# g& y5 e/ D2 _
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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' \$ V, ]9 k- J1 C; e ( X: q" l2 E; c- @6 V% E/ _
Symbolic Strikes% `9 q( o, N& j* L
97. Protest strike
$ D3 r! D) v: K 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 ^: R5 b- L1 Y. m5 p: g9 b7 T- e9 a
Agricultural Strikes% d* g% B' C; b. h0 Z
99. Peasant strike
; K) P, s+ J0 U4 T5 {) N1 |3 S) H' U 100. Farm Workers’ strike, ?( P( z+ u9 W* j* a7 F4 s
( L6 }8 J3 u( {& J p- iStrikes by Special Groups
3 a W5 Y) u" V/ |% l1 \) E) D& h 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 T- P7 o w0 s3 K. o4 o 102. Prisoners’ strike
6 `* j/ n4 G- J7 f# K 103. Craft strike' x7 i9 F2 e$ K6 ] x4 w. _" s1 \
104. Professional strike
2 H, Q2 f- J( R3 T9 C6 u w
9 y/ L8 e$ j) \9 G' k* [7 M; \Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 P% B w5 c8 h0 n" p- X6 r Y
105. Establishment strike
, K! e6 L, ^4 r+ i* Z0 A 106. Industry strike
: p, b+ v4 p8 p; [: k1 O- I, V$ m$ E 107. Sympathetic strike
* k& o2 r) a: p( g Z% G% ^7 d1 g2 M7 C3 N) R
Restricted Strikes1 G; m R4 i& v4 z/ \% M& m. X) S1 r
108. Detailed strike
4 m' M9 g4 c* Y1 Y/ z& z 109. Bumper strike
3 @5 h4 ]+ |. E' a8 u9 s 110. Slowdown strike
0 b- ^* b0 c# K/ K& h 111. Working-to-rule strike; r) M8 B$ t8 ~$ Z* F+ f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ z5 E+ e. V5 x5 N2 S. X 113. Strike by resignation
; x2 d5 k5 P% ?! T2 f5 [# d 114. Limited strike# z% w5 c0 L. V4 S9 a* ]
115. Selective strike
2 W& l( v( D% v5 L0 E2 O0 K% n5 o% N) c6 D$ T
Multi-Industry Strikes
4 G( }" x# s i1 [1 d3 E+ C% S" C) P+ i; y" F5 \+ M
116. Generalized strike4 B3 x; E' ^, c2 d
: {' M' \& R2 I9 D4 s/ E
117. General strike
) W7 X5 v, H/ f# X( y) Y
e F2 ]( c8 C: L1 sCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures) c2 N5 W0 e4 O9 i3 n8 d. o4 H
6 b5 b7 d7 j9 Q! M: ?
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown+ ^4 h% j! R. I9 N8 V
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% P! Y% Q6 q% q" h3 M# U' a. x3 ^) h3 T# `/ F
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* i) ^% i! o- l- e- Q
7 e4 W- w) e- d4 w2 f7 x: F# r
. p' M" O! x# n) X& O( K- [Rejection of Authority
0 s" C( o/ Q4 K# q8 | 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! d P9 C. e8 U7 [( X: v5 ]8 d 121. Refusal of public support, ?% N3 V1 ], i0 ^- v t2 r
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) Z* n3 w5 a, L+ j `: S
6 S* U. m) I$ j, q# D, M) u/ h8 _# G0 HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 z( d7 e5 P# Q6 d* @ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- m& Z6 e- | T- B0 k 124. Boycott of elections
: T% x; S7 z8 L: k1 P+ v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% {4 @5 @4 S% P% w+ G 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: x1 ~0 Q1 A! y# g. o& S+ U# Z
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- m9 l. f; t5 F( S8 o/ p
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ @# b5 C7 p# H( y1 U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, \& T9 [7 f& @& [& g2 U# _/ K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" E$ r4 t; d0 t8 @( ]' n f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 P9 O/ g5 W" B
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ [) I' u V. { w5 l* k. V" L7 {8 K% x- m/ `- a; @! b
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 a, h+ i0 q0 Q0 X K: \3 U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance! V1 L- L& P& I; f/ p) l
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 b( x. i* h* |* E
135. Popular nonobedience4 n5 a1 b' d9 c6 B# a u/ L5 k/ x
136. Disguised disobedience
4 W1 g* S5 Q8 j 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- M }! Y; |% s/ N 138. Sitdown
5 Y( H# _. n2 v5 L$ d 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' H: W; a [3 |* `6 N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 j! J b! N( _: B+ T, u% ? 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ z; \$ i& V$ P2 _- k: W1 Q6 ` }$ b/ f) V7 T$ F+ s' B% Q
Action by Government Personnel Y; n. O- g+ u; n! [3 X8 g; O- D
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! `+ \5 v! A' e+ {+ ^) U
143. Blocking of lines of command and information, Y/ h% x7 i5 C7 _% @ z
144. Stalling and obstruction
" m$ [4 O4 t6 }9 w' p7 x* R 145. General administrative noncooperation
. w4 N. Y5 C7 D, T B
: G9 e5 F4 |2 P 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 `# N4 B# F7 F/ k1 U+ e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* g1 q( q8 z" Y- t' r+ q: L
148. Mutiny- \% I" v2 _0 |- T5 j
Domestic Governmental Action: x* x7 S$ t+ _" Y+ h: Z. w) p
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( ^1 O- ^% [7 |5 T
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: O4 \: D7 [% ^
' |. [1 I5 W8 U+ x% a- WInternational Governmental Action( O; l$ w: V0 }% r1 m- y* G+ ~5 B
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 c( H" f* @. c$ A( ]7 f8 b, o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ _/ _7 a9 T7 `8 \" U' X
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 J5 J8 R& [% U+ f) f 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' f% p9 j/ @0 c: n
155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 i) u) O: N% _( X/ }% x& ^/ L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ q5 N# E$ O# p- B9 G 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 z1 @ V. X" E3 L$ Y; O n+ I% ?9 }7 A6 K( m8 m! J S! I
4 x. ]1 m ^ m9 B0 p" d# f8 z) H$ t; Q" x& _2 Q
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
- m0 l; o! f, l- m7 ?5 P: z) _4 K. F) G0 o: ]+ u( K# q, T3 S
: h5 |$ p6 {: E0 N. ZPsychological Intervention; q5 Y/ }1 J3 k2 X% x7 I: }0 V
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 Q9 a" d( z% w1 v9 R2 ]' I4 ]1 E 159. The fast
- w& Y4 Z1 V" _$ x a) Fast of moral pressure
5 r& P* Z6 [2 |8 @! R' l& Z" B. o b) Hunger strike1 R( D. L: c* D( z* e* t
c) Satyagrahic fast
, _! W$ f% i. f' t. h: F+ D 160. Reverse trial. ^3 S8 w- f+ ~; L v. z; P+ ?/ R
161. Nonviolent harassment
' |% W+ x# d- N M M. x5 y6 W3 t# r( s; L2 L; [
Physical Intervention+ Y- g1 ~) n/ @% [; q
162. Sit-in9 `+ B6 I9 A. h
163. Stand-in
6 g) o9 j G; g3 J p& r 164. Ride-in. s0 g0 Q; h: `, F3 d; D
165. Wade-in- r5 [4 H( c! S2 W
166. Mill-in
F7 ?, S6 |8 x" A' }4 D9 e 167. Pray-in$ i( J3 o, f" C! X
168. Nonviolent raids
) J. ]2 j7 w) u" | {! U 169. Nonviolent air raids
7 I( n7 _6 Z' o# ^4 q 170. Nonviolent invasion/ j1 H3 t8 R4 Q' z
171. Nonviolent interjection# z/ w5 R, X0 W+ r
172. Nonviolent obstruction/ y5 e! z+ b' {$ L2 S
173. Nonviolent occupation
2 E- ~3 s' U; H; Z7 |! n0 I4 r( ~0 }( J" |& u: n, h2 {8 E& \; F
Social Intervention% l9 V+ S& C% f4 X
174. Establishing new social patterns, V( j7 O& x6 Z! T6 ^( [2 d. s# r* x6 l
175. Overloading of facilities
/ @ K, p3 ^/ r$ C- ? 176. Stall-in
5 Q4 j) }! [+ e 177. Speak-in
; S# W- J9 ^ z0 C9 D 178. Guerrilla theater
Y8 U# H/ i" ?0 r: \; T 179. Alternative social institutions& h3 k1 O' q6 f2 L* F7 t d
180. Alternative communication system9 B8 O% ^( K! L% ~+ m
0 a1 ~( Z* e2 G" k% ^# A8 OEconomic Intervention
5 F9 Q$ {2 _% t& G9 o 181. Reverse strike
* `! K6 E) d! l6 E2 k 182. Stay-in strike# N( Q! b; B+ M0 `* f) b) z3 ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure) Q- m# m3 |: Q! J @
184. Defiance of blockades4 E- a1 n$ F4 { E" y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& \; O5 q" Q7 x0 H# u+ y! G
186. Preclusive purchasing/ U- I4 G e+ E/ p
187. Seizure of assets
# n$ d7 I/ B0 Q L+ ^0 n7 I 188. Dumping3 N+ G% a6 {: b/ K
189. Selective patronage' O" ~- O$ e) v. v" y
190. Alternative markets
, M' `% V# R9 S: M5 X1 F9 `( E 191. Alternative transportation systems
/ a- a3 r5 z) t" u+ F* [6 B0 b 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ Q$ `7 I/ u7 L! O4 n/ x2 Z- O2 X ^0 i: W
Political Intervention+ f* S9 o, P: Q* u
193. Overloading of administrative systems4 Y z' b u2 _$ F1 A6 I" O0 r
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 c- f# p! a! V3 ? 195. Seeking imprisonment* @( \ k: b2 p6 y0 a- N5 O
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ D" P! L4 G' d$ @7 S8 P" k
197. Work-on without collaboration: X- t) ^. E* [. H# _
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! `7 h. W4 h; W$ U! }; b+ s. N& _$ c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
