 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- |4 H% @! N. e$ v0 R( O! B" eFormal Statements& `: q. C8 y# ^/ J
1. Public Speeches
2 Z/ J% P5 _3 E 2. Letters of opposition or support) M; |% d. q# x8 U% B) A, a
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 e/ z/ Y% p1 o! e; A/ ?" y
4. Signed public statements
: I7 Q! a! t0 s+ G) V 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ x. B0 E. S5 _: s' D 6. Group or mass petitions
) t1 b a7 `0 L+ V( e, z
! p, P+ z2 K5 t: C& ?2 ZCommunications with a Wider Audience7 R- h# |; X# G a1 P6 Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' i8 G: m2 H" G9 M! a( [% T4 H 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; @5 A" ?! Q( H9 d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 Y% w0 [8 [( A9 D3 F& Q 10. Newspapers and journals
6 X7 |; W1 p' @ 11. Records, radio, and television/ ^/ X! T8 x# s2 S6 ^
12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 E" }, {1 ^* z2 m1 O! H: c. i9 H
0 ^5 i/ e8 N4 O+ j2 h) ?: c
Group Representations
1 g. D) f1 h9 [, K 13. Deputations- E3 D q/ d0 {6 A/ D
14. Mock awards
5 Z. K+ `3 S" m 15. Group lobbying9 a: j$ V: x, r9 Y/ [
16. Picketing0 T/ r- y3 B! Y: I, V2 r7 N2 r7 e) w
17. Mock elections1 z g# O' r2 n0 L; y: I. V
' ?2 M/ |2 Z. B! {
Symbolic Public Acts
- S4 ?/ Z- e( O: S$ d8 p' e 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 ^- M8 J" b3 T/ }! h$ L
19. Wearing of symbols
# Y$ M7 x1 o8 o& ^ 20. Prayer and worship# p3 ]4 i: n* T1 g! y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
. U1 {; Z, _( j2 }+ u# S6 a9 h 22. Protest disrobings
0 @, }7 e+ ?1 |+ c1 j 23. Destruction of own property" N% Y3 W U0 Y- m W; Z
24. Symbolic lights
% U: h& A: t/ W 25. Displays of portraits
' f# J; A S8 r- Z5 C: l 26. Paint as protest
3 f0 g9 m6 n2 b0 M7 Q 27. New signs and names. l3 E; x) t3 b( R$ |! d% X5 B; n& K. W
28. Symbolic sounds w2 U( ]$ g' C- F
29. Symbolic reclamations
, Y$ N" A- I; `: E. I" p/ s; K 30. Rude gestures
3 C- [ g: E# h( l! M; w# b. B8 d5 H( v8 ]: Q9 X
Pressures on Individuals# D8 I9 L5 A2 M% y
31. “Haunting” officials
6 d, X3 |- {* g 32. Taunting officials
/ B+ P, Q+ k6 ~4 G2 z 33. Fraternization
- V: e: ^* w5 b' }* [ 34. Vigils. D7 m; ~; s# I c- B6 }: ]7 d
9 H; x# H! C4 F6 W7 R/ ]
Drama and Music
. r8 Q1 Y) i# P" U& P( I5 i9 K. @ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ r& o" w2 l( S* [' x2 C 36. Performances of plays and music- m) E# }) o9 {5 O. t+ w
37. Singing
8 ~6 k: v% Q( a8 C0 y; a; Z$ Q) k% ]4 }6 D0 A5 p+ M
Processions, a4 L' c! q; A% r9 s
38. Marches
' h. X3 h2 ^1 L2 O* t9 X" a 39. Parades
+ I; y8 F" l# p4 A. } 40. Religious processions
$ r2 z$ d& r. w7 }% o# M 41. Pilgrimages7 R9 H3 A. H) _, p9 u
42. Motorcades7 L2 k6 H& E- w$ f: ~6 i
. b- q/ ^7 I: f0 Y0 x. ZHonoring the Dead
3 {, Q& W3 x, U5 s2 Y, J 43. Political mourning( N( W( a ~" J* H* s' M& L
44. Mock funerals
0 [9 q5 p, \/ g9 k 45. Demonstrative funerals
1 c, a8 u i* I; l) b# T4 w$ z 46. Homage at burial places9 q; I# q) }- n# ?8 Z% o. C- ~$ W
/ w5 j" A5 |4 T2 @Public Assemblies
% a& N6 u, Q' B2 g) S* m* ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 {) e5 k" r$ o8 V3 \ 48. Protest meetings
3 b Z' _2 E+ k. F3 E2 u" j0 U- v- X. z% W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 a6 ^+ x; @( z P/ Y. a5 U: H 50. Teach-ins! O) p. ^; l a9 t8 T7 \, I: l
* t2 |+ h/ h7 z# ]! v: Y! O6 l. M OWithdrawal and Renunciation( e3 Q5 N& s. l- X. b- r1 F
51. Walk-outs
, V% t/ L% ?9 I 52. Silence
9 q; [2 @# @: s6 J. K% m9 Q8 F1 r, l 53. Renouncing honors
' _5 ^( u4 [1 |1 A7 \4 D; ~/ I: L5 z 54. Turning one’s back1 f2 e, R: n9 [2 A% L9 n
( @7 ?2 k) T |: f# Q
% o) V$ X" c" p# r; {( X/ R0 d0 j& s8 {, ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% H- R8 R9 S; A! a' d2 ^, p- e4 H* W
' q0 H: h. K ^+ N- z
! D Z( X% l# I h% n# ?. v+ b
Ostracism of Persons
* j% J& s4 k0 ?1 g( t 55. Social boycott
4 s. h' C8 l4 j 56. Selective social boycott) h2 {' l* \, [# x( b e' [' y ~
57. Lysistratic nonaction5 r8 f: T+ @( b) L- P. q% T4 ^
58. Excommunication/ Q* z' |$ q- J6 K- q
59. Interdict
" ]4 z4 y7 C) Q2 c$ F
" [8 R0 c \6 o3 ?$ R9 eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% N0 ?& j0 _6 W
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ a" [6 A) }6 g
61. Boycott of social affairs: E: C, Y6 d% g6 Y( `8 n
62. Student strike6 G$ i1 W8 U' P" Y5 l6 _# }
63. Social disobedience9 y5 [- l0 f& }8 s; A# A' r8 o% F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 ?. Q0 B- c* v: Z+ X Q
1 R& G, H* e. r% `, z4 Y6 Z& c
Withdrawal from the Social System |+ u( N4 w8 H) u3 ?+ V, v; ~
65. Stay-at-home' f+ u% u- G }: b* J6 {- r$ y
66. Total personal noncooperation; {+ ?# n9 e# z
67. “Flight” of workers- t$ y8 K3 J- m
68. Sanctuary# j2 ^& G% P2 @6 ^$ _: U+ R" q6 K
69. Collective disappearance
0 N" c% @" p9 _# b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# j7 i4 N2 H2 N- D) ^. X# P
7 V6 Y. B1 m4 A$ c
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* j8 c+ t, ]" y, |: `* t+ D; e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 x, u+ h2 t2 {/ O {* n. N! R, W% R: l- i; X; a, g8 n: R
: o; C0 B7 {; LActions by Consumers7 ^* h5 o7 {) [# i1 j1 p/ U
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 s( ^1 Y e- o" {5 @* N5 u 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ n' ?9 H) w" M4 K% K, ~6 w9 s 73. Policy of austerity
/ ]- o/ j& S+ @2 a 74. Rent withholding0 T0 R0 o6 s8 V ]( A0 j
75. Refusal to rent
8 y' |+ ?, R0 e2 d* [ 76. National consumers’ boycott
! C& P6 J8 `# Z7 B& h! x6 }$ o 77. International consumers’ boycott4 ?+ m" W/ b, }2 i: d4 h
8 I, u- ]0 s1 M% t4 c% N$ z
Action by Workers and Producers4 n8 J% C% } h) _' G
78. Workmen’s boycott2 b" W5 A- L/ t6 j4 c% e
79. Producers’ boycott
7 i& |: T( q @! h6 I
" L' ?# V' b+ U9 s/ L. B+ WAction by Middlemen
5 u5 t. ]1 J3 c% l 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) _. d6 B* t+ m% b9 B
/ Q! @. l+ K b. nAction by Owners and Management
; d$ a3 H! i4 q: D 81. Traders’ boycott& t# w6 m V0 r; h+ V' m; H2 Y( Q# a
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 b7 c F4 L" k) C; f' ?. _
83. Lockout& W5 k6 h; K; U0 v. @5 Q5 ?4 U, p q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 t3 R1 D$ t6 V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. |5 _2 X) ?: `+ u
& A. I/ e) ^- Y5 ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ ]4 \+ s8 ~, j/ J3 m9 z1 s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 P) M3 R- |! L 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 z7 c8 l6 `6 j 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( t t+ I# v0 W* P' X$ r 89. Severance of funds and credit
( D0 [. e' {4 P) K" X3 q 90. Revenue refusal
6 N9 Q5 _1 K. y4 B# N) |/ k 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 G0 q& j. Q7 v, e' S. u/ h
' L1 J# j8 g3 y0 e9 P. h! eAction by Governments
4 l! H! A& m+ P! N; t' l 92. Domestic embargo
: O$ f2 \/ P* G% s0 a6 s 93. Blacklisting of traders5 R) d5 F4 d( E7 h
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 \" J9 a+ o Q 95. International buyers’ embargo$ ]: ^4 _6 W$ `+ S
96. International trade embargo
9 x+ D/ U [& C1 s* F6 e4 j0 e+ U4 ?- J$ U/ R
+ G& `9 r/ Q* l" v
' _2 G7 `' b7 [8 o/ @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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5 e, c. i! n* }
Symbolic Strikes
( V: x% Z* h0 a" L4 R: x: k6 `# ] 97. Protest strike) [/ B' D" u9 m8 z8 x$ o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 Y9 E8 [6 g4 p1 v# u6 T$ E4 t) {) `1 c) N0 b
Agricultural Strikes
8 n7 W2 Y& b3 Z 99. Peasant strike
/ ^. `/ y( c) t6 e2 {% N0 e6 M 100. Farm Workers’ strike6 \; N0 J8 z$ v0 c
& Y: [ {0 E% W9 s; sStrikes by Special Groups
; h! P) e. B3 C( j- D+ Q 101. Refusal of impressed labor; Q$ _( [- m- i3 q$ s
102. Prisoners’ strike# [0 ~3 U4 W0 s# O& `' W# m+ @
103. Craft strike
9 A2 a- ]" u$ Q4 h. F# G 104. Professional strike
6 [, X- S" H( H* D, z9 @3 n- g$ z5 g' E/ \
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 w# E8 H0 z0 E. F# \
105. Establishment strike
: U* n) h% z5 A1 n8 G+ B 106. Industry strike
" @/ T4 @" u5 [6 N2 d- C! q 107. Sympathetic strike
' q0 w5 O. U0 R8 n3 A
! G1 U6 W5 x6 i+ nRestricted Strikes
' {2 b! V) V% d0 i' |4 Z 108. Detailed strike. L4 {+ X# S+ @8 r; l! r
109. Bumper strike
$ o% `+ f! B0 u* k 110. Slowdown strike! v) V6 X: D6 e& j7 o* M4 ~; L
111. Working-to-rule strike
4 f" n9 D/ f2 O' x$ i5 P4 C; { 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. _% p( D0 D/ t8 l1 m; J! f' D 113. Strike by resignation
+ f% W/ ` T$ _6 P8 C 114. Limited strike- C/ b" O! g2 ~1 A- F. v$ a
115. Selective strike2 U1 M X. I2 Q
( `- i+ n' m. t* n( @3 C \Multi-Industry Strikes& M) J( M$ F! l( K" u+ a
1 f* q' X$ P+ ~0 W 116. Generalized strike
: x; `1 N1 `: s$ W- [) B- W5 C
t* p/ d4 N( j8 h9 O1 k, o+ \ 117. General strike2 g% A( Q0 P `
3 p' \4 j6 H& R7 T' l! L# F
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- s0 Q5 S9 V5 b, N
) i5 `% U9 F2 Z! E! M 118. Hartal
$ d, L% t7 e E0 j" l* h4 ^$ k B1 G; Q9 V' G
119. Economic shutdown# H$ q1 U' v) w' A
; O; ]3 G5 M S$ o6 s c, S% E. y
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. ]( B+ g5 ?1 xTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 S' s3 |5 K0 b1 e2 z8 w
7 k9 g& n9 x k 3 J; I* O1 T! F, X ?- z! s4 \: M
Rejection of Authority
. I; X U! \ I1 d+ M* z 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& F" j5 P3 D) O0 ]
121. Refusal of public support7 l, E2 r/ X- @" W1 c# M
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 b5 H j9 e* ~% }" W( P% r8 ]% H% `
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* n5 E/ P# f6 j! N/ J1 X& X/ N 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: F- Z5 O k( G9 z$ q
124. Boycott of elections, S0 @* J+ }" z* K7 L* k
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! H: b8 E; g) {
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! S/ j) X6 [& O8 D" s' t# L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 j$ ]" k" v M, j) \4 Q4 }( x5 S6 Z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( t' }) m) @- g$ a
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ d% g/ ]0 p& p1 y' p
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 B, @' V$ s# l6 V 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 a, b: A7 A& e9 `7 ~4 n+ U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 J! z, v- p# A$ V6 F
8 } o6 b) z0 J
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 Z& U( `! s5 y" X, C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) s& i8 X6 R5 j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ e6 _% ^6 R! ^% V! L$ G, H9 j' { 135. Popular nonobedience1 X( Y5 y/ \& Z' V. \1 o
136. Disguised disobedience
" a! a7 ?2 Y6 U; n4 [; y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 j/ J* C4 B! [0 \% p' O
138. Sitdown3 p b% Y7 K2 P) a! J/ A% v
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" F4 u; T ^1 Z$ O+ M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 z) v/ w+ a4 e u2 Y$ g
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 w+ R* z2 t; s9 T( K. @ K+ q1 ~* x) i
Action by Government Personnel% Z2 ?8 Y3 R; e2 y, B( {" s* B( } R
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* v, [% f& v0 B/ n. s! e: V6 X1 K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 E+ x' V7 }2 x9 d6 U- i& Z 144. Stalling and obstruction
- W& d7 p: c3 c; } 145. General administrative noncooperation+ { K" t4 S7 ~0 c4 A
! ?" `- D2 n& _5 z
146. Judicial noncooperation- B m/ a4 N" a/ M! y2 n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 ?9 d% r( D3 X' `* R" i 148. Mutiny* X# M) j% e( _6 O: `1 N6 w" d" ?
Domestic Governmental Action
, _- T) l( a5 m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 L/ d# D7 ]+ c) N7 o* f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: n9 C) U1 x0 U
; S/ i& m q+ Q( \International Governmental Action# ]9 W8 K7 z/ q% n' X$ a/ C* f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! Z5 X* x5 I) a5 F# H, @ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ W; G4 M; H/ x# }; n% C% e4 c 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' p! R$ ^' U% [- d0 S3 |# Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 X9 F% s. o. n- N' F1 ^( I9 `; {
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" ]! ?6 o B; S' b
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 I2 Q: {, p& x* }) }
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 r" P, J9 P. T
. E: i; }1 ^6 T1 c$ U X
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( A. ^' v4 M' e+ P: [4 YTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! r/ P3 _0 g+ ]8 f/ Y* |1 `9 k7 n4 r# j7 u8 Q9 n
) g. W% Q7 [' e; h- M& FPsychological Intervention
/ T! ~9 |9 j+ t z2 S( M 158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 s/ P( z; P' H O# J 159. The fast! ?5 l7 V3 x% _/ B; [
a) Fast of moral pressure6 q3 ?9 p& Q- v# N
b) Hunger strike
5 c0 c- i! Z3 k0 `$ U. m2 f c) Satyagrahic fast
2 g! x1 ]2 S# s, k% X 160. Reverse trial
" v6 j" J6 { C- k& n2 d 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 V, c' V& X+ p! L1 i5 g2 E/ _
Physical Intervention
, S9 S6 ]+ M9 z4 e6 y- T 162. Sit-in
b* N% g: h2 } 163. Stand-in7 g5 k! `! | m' G D4 m% ?
164. Ride-in
( d) i3 y- m7 b& m7 p0 J$ Z" M 165. Wade-in' K/ d0 | R" w; ^
166. Mill-in
( |, L; _8 L' i2 W8 Q4 V W8 f 167. Pray-in
4 u6 Y; [; a3 G( z& k 168. Nonviolent raids2 C7 h2 @- T% P0 B3 ]
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 Q4 |* v' f6 B6 b 170. Nonviolent invasion6 F2 b4 S3 @3 }
171. Nonviolent interjection- k* K2 Q) f7 n' `8 i, M
172. Nonviolent obstruction
6 D2 H6 t0 N( C7 o; t- A7 B 173. Nonviolent occupation- y( v+ i% i/ B
1 `/ j) ?7 z4 R2 mSocial Intervention, P7 O, U/ {3 Z7 O1 U* R6 f
174. Establishing new social patterns
2 t) ^" A @$ F% {2 z5 b& q 175. Overloading of facilities) y& e" S2 [7 S' D# M+ r
176. Stall-in
( [1 M9 g9 A/ P6 B0 F9 J 177. Speak-in% Q7 Y! A& W7 n( i' U
178. Guerrilla theater3 j+ _7 _8 L7 c7 w8 z
179. Alternative social institutions v" W0 V; H: w3 v$ S+ ~, u
180. Alternative communication system
" z: h: L Z9 x ^1 v) |, i/ i+ F! V! W, g$ z8 ?2 K
Economic Intervention
3 K9 b" f1 m0 g 181. Reverse strike
$ F) m( C5 i' w7 U! \/ h; J 182. Stay-in strike
! g L }& _, ~2 @' T1 s1 F% X 183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 e% P) u y6 Y0 D' M/ j4 M& _2 f8 v 184. Defiance of blockades' L8 b k1 r) \
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, s. E% w; n) }
186. Preclusive purchasing5 I+ w/ f, R+ O2 M. i! N3 j
187. Seizure of assets. ?! N5 p4 t1 A& |# X/ p. N% s
188. Dumping
6 W3 u7 p- t! o9 ` ~ 189. Selective patronage' x! A8 m. m' {# r r( F+ B; t `
190. Alternative markets; ?# K6 L6 P2 L' _5 n( L+ r
191. Alternative transportation systems# G5 j# o9 n; A( t: r' }2 K
192. Alternative economic institutions
5 R4 J3 i# y* X2 C; V0 X! X9 s& y% G6 E# f" J
Political Intervention
1 p3 f* G( x! y, ^" o# C 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, O! ^' w" n2 F* M% h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, i& n; s8 S: L: p* I5 C 195. Seeking imprisonment4 w K! T1 N$ p7 u# G
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ g& w4 S; s; q& ? d: _ 197. Work-on without collaboration
. r1 _/ Q) ] p5 w8 a+ h, G 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- X; h4 N: x* k
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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