 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 q# a0 X% j9 t3 [0 Y
Formal Statements8 H. c3 D- f: v! F+ v( f* m1 }
1. Public Speeches; u% e5 s: |' C4 Z
2. Letters of opposition or support& u T7 b9 r X/ D0 V' N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' {; X: V0 O1 @
4. Signed public statements" S2 |% c" f, ]& Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* M! u A" ]5 K; g
6. Group or mass petitions8 m" `+ P1 g8 } F
4 O, p8 }! W8 `# t6 D* {6 hCommunications with a Wider Audience0 r8 D; ]9 B5 g1 R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 V/ h# c: R% [% z6 J& h& R
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- H# X4 b" w7 f2 [2 U" [9 A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 S( c) a; Y/ W$ Y$ ^, L, B& A1 p1 Q 10. Newspapers and journals1 W$ ]) z E- V/ Q5 R
11. Records, radio, and television1 Z% V) n( d( \2 A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 {( b# {, x) d
5 N8 n0 F# d p, C; [- \# u' a4 rGroup Representations( w0 K- R% X- }2 E% D- o! H
13. Deputations
! X1 G! m* k/ H" A 14. Mock awards
# R3 N1 o5 W* L% @ 15. Group lobbying
! G4 i3 l X4 }2 e 16. Picketing
$ W, c) K5 G/ v2 B, b 17. Mock elections! V1 |9 F$ L& [- U1 _4 K$ _" i8 y
- T+ _$ h: U6 i+ w& Z
Symbolic Public Acts- H, p6 O4 f$ X2 `; n% |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) K' V( y7 P! y0 x9 F0 d
19. Wearing of symbols
5 Y7 n5 Y- b7 L2 _. A6 K 20. Prayer and worship
8 ^6 f7 V! I- c" c* x. M+ L$ } 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 C1 d$ l7 I) u$ t
22. Protest disrobings( H$ ~$ c8 V. b6 k
23. Destruction of own property
5 k8 i" {0 A+ S: q- p6 ] 24. Symbolic lights
$ f# N8 O7 |" X" i3 x 25. Displays of portraits [7 I; R+ w; C" e" Y2 p/ I; ]
26. Paint as protest, J1 l( b) C1 W- h; n
27. New signs and names. Q* m4 [# d+ }, T% K, z% y
28. Symbolic sounds
, F4 Q* N) A# ~" }9 u 29. Symbolic reclamations
' G* U5 ~+ {% j; M/ h 30. Rude gestures
4 D' _* J1 K7 z/ w& T& z
; L$ i* s! ?- wPressures on Individuals
$ \9 _; H$ H. O( |! U7 Y 31. “Haunting” officials# l/ K* n8 S1 P$ X( b
32. Taunting officials
: i! y; |% w' ]( t, q# e 33. Fraternization
) P7 q# A9 K/ m9 W* w9 O 34. Vigils/ J0 u7 q! g5 N: T
; F0 a# t8 `/ e
Drama and Music
9 [- i+ y) ]7 x6 R6 ` 35. Humorous skits and pranks* p1 b9 ^$ i: n/ R
36. Performances of plays and music
* U6 k( P( W& O2 U$ h 37. Singing6 Z4 _8 U2 r) L* [6 P' O
! J9 \. w& @ `; lProcessions2 C$ q+ h1 p1 N/ x, X3 j
38. Marches( A2 {) c" }/ h6 p2 F
39. Parades
2 F9 j- O. n6 u; S 40. Religious processions( O/ C( ~; F2 ]- M& d
41. Pilgrimages) Q$ ^) O! |8 `. I, E# S: i! p
42. Motorcades$ u6 P/ U; V- p8 u. d
$ F6 {. Z3 T3 q6 B) n! _4 cHonoring the Dead
: X$ R B9 h1 g% b 43. Political mourning
5 u' Q9 s) p q1 J8 y2 N5 O6 X 44. Mock funerals' v: {3 d v4 H2 E
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ p5 M, y# ~+ x; ] 46. Homage at burial places
6 {% c5 `/ u7 G: g1 B4 V
J/ ]. v3 u6 n6 YPublic Assemblies
3 d4 ^: \/ N& b, O5 J) K 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ P0 b4 e4 ?# p
48. Protest meetings
% R5 h. e; p, K3 S# D 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ j: I" [; ~$ s) e0 t9 d3 o 50. Teach-ins
l: j' V1 A+ v i* l! F# r0 @3 e; y& e4 x! b+ m |
Withdrawal and Renunciation: l5 T& F+ [! C+ |3 d K, d
51. Walk-outs
% j- I I8 s% h) R6 y6 _- W9 G3 s 52. Silence8 C, s4 _) B) A' i
53. Renouncing honors
/ D4 D' |0 ^6 X2 \ 54. Turning one’s back: z2 O9 q4 M! m* \" w. P3 J
7 n( A# O5 g3 x& B3 x
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, |. U6 n$ E' _- C+ I) U+ W. a' WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 Y0 |8 x6 o6 m7 |% L7 G
1 _8 X0 `+ P6 |4 D) K8 t
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Ostracism of Persons( y9 d( t% R: [) ^# C0 C. ]+ f2 `- x
55. Social boycott
; F3 x8 G' H7 T. I. ` 56. Selective social boycott
% ^+ e4 {. P5 D! ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction' M; P( t( T0 u
58. Excommunication
- ]5 r9 D7 Q% {4 e& Q% _ 59. Interdict
( ~* s- }& ^' U5 ?2 j
8 m3 ^' l6 V' l" L+ V& tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 z/ L( U8 m- y3 X$ _. W5 c7 ^% P 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) V2 i! W% ^# y1 J 61. Boycott of social affairs3 e6 b w+ W$ X. a- P o' X
62. Student strike7 X( `. k& Z; z1 F
63. Social disobedience
8 e" r; t$ F) W1 L F1 o 64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 U5 H4 w. j, U" V
" O1 o5 k% ?' v5 E/ x+ \Withdrawal from the Social System0 C% X6 ~7 i7 m% O* r& q: K& s/ r8 R
65. Stay-at-home
b; k2 M1 u' z7 F3 n 66. Total personal noncooperation( u/ c! }% h# B+ }. d5 Y
67. “Flight” of workers
' H6 t1 `3 ^" C 68. Sanctuary
% [ I, D' U( j) | 69. Collective disappearance1 j2 |. Z& C6 s, P8 x. }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- K2 z9 h3 A* R' y- l' X' g( ?6 c6 b9 H
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 f5 V" g3 ~, L2 e5 F$ J
. j! c% B2 r8 y/ f+ r$ e2 H
. [. O& D/ {- O, V/ t9 u" a$ BActions by Consumers' H* n9 W" ?. P' @5 |
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 R# p8 f& f4 u8 G- C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 i! P( j' V( v1 a. |. V/ a( u8 g; X
73. Policy of austerity+ c3 ]3 v6 H) L1 I
74. Rent withholding4 }& }) Y! j4 s1 F% |
75. Refusal to rent3 {. \% I/ ~- o* ~9 `* \
76. National consumers’ boycott4 i# @% \0 _! o" g- G
77. International consumers’ boycott
1 y3 b1 l l3 i6 M# w% `
$ j5 y% M5 l% l. r7 b, X( [- d. [Action by Workers and Producers
# i; h8 j$ A5 z8 l+ @ 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ c9 I$ z$ ?) D: Q 79. Producers’ boycott& T4 s# G m; U* s0 b
1 g. S1 F% \) i* pAction by Middlemen
% t/ Q4 m* e1 G2 t: k 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# v9 t7 E! o' @1 a0 X7 b( e4 c, f; p. T0 u0 r; E
Action by Owners and Management& ~( z7 E5 U' A# X0 S2 G8 A" f5 \
81. Traders’ boycott/ _ g4 A K3 h+ H9 s! X1 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 v$ p0 g3 {* ~* z0 z0 R
83. Lockout k3 A* F5 d* Q0 I, z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" `$ Y0 Q! g5 ^! O9 b- P7 [+ Y9 W1 t0 Y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 X4 j+ {5 G g# T v
( a ?% t" d9 F! l9 T& Z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 t9 I' V, h* L5 t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 g" i, J) u; a* n) [" q( U, Q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ c7 b5 {4 c2 O2 h+ B" N8 \! D9 ?+ e
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ u1 m( Q+ M; F6 ^5 r5 k 89. Severance of funds and credit+ `# [" j! T9 L2 d8 X A) E5 L0 ~
90. Revenue refusal
' g7 c4 v* u: c0 N8 h. ^% m6 L 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 u) N, ?! K S1 v5 |! V% T# w; q$ {5 M# J9 L) }4 D9 f
Action by Governments
4 ]/ j" ?; ?! A% ^ 92. Domestic embargo
! R3 W0 K+ }: n9 M 93. Blacklisting of traders& H. k4 p' @% C+ I3 E4 T
94. International sellers’ embargo
3 X# s: [6 W: a: E( p4 U 95. International buyers’ embargo* ~" r9 l7 b) S" L+ H) u( ~
96. International trade embargo
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3 q5 _- {" a d7 B; `4 qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" G% t6 x6 _) I
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4 l: T! X' v6 \ a ?. @0 lSymbolic Strikes/ U( P v B$ n* m
97. Protest strike
( h3 R: v2 J' e/ X 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' s. z; t3 g( D. p) g" [9 ^, [4 J+ S0 `% t2 O8 M1 n3 a& _ \ Y
Agricultural Strikes
' B! Y6 e7 A9 u" m7 K% ? 99. Peasant strike1 t9 c0 q; w5 s& V; _8 u
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 v& `: B' D* p J" \
4 k2 A# E, U" N4 p0 \5 z0 Q" T0 }+ E3 S1 gStrikes by Special Groups2 u+ r+ _5 x2 O P: S" F
101. Refusal of impressed labor
# o9 [9 ]/ \7 x& I2 _* d 102. Prisoners’ strike" h4 g, W1 x( D
103. Craft strike! B& T) i8 s6 q" X% S3 U
104. Professional strike( w' t) q: Q) I0 a3 }- g1 x: s
/ L; M7 r6 }, y5 R% j* B6 IOrdinary Industrial Strikes) [/ @& `& m4 S) ]- I% @ L
105. Establishment strike
$ P: {' c5 l& [6 z( D- q 106. Industry strike* t( |/ |( ?% C* o. h5 f/ c
107. Sympathetic strike5 Z- z0 | H K1 A0 C- M
% B: A8 y0 R3 t0 ^+ w2 B% K
Restricted Strikes
* B$ |( U6 [/ u! @ 108. Detailed strike
) L4 k5 V5 T$ F3 j 109. Bumper strike$ D3 h y5 r7 Y, |( u* t+ n
110. Slowdown strike# s" l5 a4 P7 T' @" I0 P
111. Working-to-rule strike
' p5 x- i& G7 B7 L- \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' ] U- i) H. l
113. Strike by resignation$ m7 k: f/ M/ E! A/ r( ^. K: b
114. Limited strike3 J c( u j9 A% N- n- ^& T
115. Selective strike, z" y& S2 u: x4 B6 a
0 \6 b+ S; v- e' G
Multi-Industry Strikes
" d) v' l: n7 Y
( a6 @, G; W5 n4 V1 V6 Z 116. Generalized strike
* A0 i& \9 f5 e0 u8 E
# n/ y* M+ }' D& { 117. General strike
1 w v% z& `- K" O* Q" k X& x
* G. K. c" W8 l4 M0 S/ H% aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures# T7 H. H6 a! K2 h: t1 x
3 }4 X. k& S$ t- ^1 `( Z1 l 118. Hartal/ O7 v' o; z( o: F9 @
1 s8 n. E+ `" g0 P$ ] Z+ N 119. Economic shutdown
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' _2 m: W* f: a& {( a4 g& QTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
, `7 t3 b+ n; ~; I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: |& n& [+ A% d
121. Refusal of public support4 |8 C& J" y. S9 [. m+ G9 L
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! w: ]- L" d3 j$ P$ `' u
" D5 s# W/ E8 n- jCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government# Z. h. `4 }" p: M0 R
123. Boycott of legislative bodies) L* o- v. F, f* S! J* U0 l
124. Boycott of elections
" W: z: r f( r8 G( f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% {( y/ z) F$ i9 T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" ~ G3 H8 n$ D) g' X 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, c4 Y- x4 v, G8 E. D; ^1 v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; ~, B- k3 ]- a$ V; O" G1 z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" P9 s) s V/ N! I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 P% x1 ~& z5 P- M1 g( G
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& B& \5 ?1 O- `5 n ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. O8 l8 a9 d! e5 R
5 N1 n8 R9 j0 c# Y" x& k+ R. I+ aCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! D& k; M! N( K+ G4 v
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& N/ t9 Y* [# v1 B
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" d. n3 w; s1 f. l 135. Popular nonobedience
; `3 Q7 l# d' Q* a- W0 O( k 136. Disguised disobedience
- F, `4 {; \& v; N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
3 `9 E- B; ]7 v, V 138. Sitdown. X9 V$ B6 B- y& Z: @
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; I: t3 S- O7 M) h8 i 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 c. H3 X! ]1 J$ t; m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 U2 j ~- `6 l
( \ n+ _- A$ h0 h
Action by Government Personnel
7 c, k* k0 [( }. a. x7 t Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ I# B( M3 D5 o: u 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% O" E8 v/ f9 t" o8 }
144. Stalling and obstruction; F; @* P; [( R* J6 |
145. General administrative noncooperation! O- C5 _5 T% R+ o
1 F5 ^! d3 Z/ u 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 T3 [/ s) X2 T- J" n6 Q8 K 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 ?" d v( e# x$ z0 |) X 148. Mutiny- |( \/ k) q8 K; B" B" q4 |* b
Domestic Governmental Action8 ]9 [# M6 y! [* W5 l+ }
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# r" I. l: {& F4 [* }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' |8 F; j& v! Y
0 P4 B) P! [, u* L% W/ w
International Governmental Action; g0 z" v& t( R! i( e* l
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( O5 a2 j5 k! R3 N4 t( ] H 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; S b! U2 J& B! |6 J4 J& V. D 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" |4 S+ c9 G/ j3 Y( \/ q; u( E2 u
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 T& @ z6 T: e5 D# t S; c: A: ~5 v 155. Withdrawal from international organizations& k8 A9 B( \4 F* j! m' B
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ H1 y0 h* ^6 F0 @' Q2 \3 s7 x
157. Expulsion from international organizations( k( M3 P. j% B7 G6 z
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1 ]! H' [; b/ ]( R8 gTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" O+ V. V0 Y4 B3 T
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Psychological Intervention
' f/ H; _, t* F! b 158. Self-exposure to the elements! O8 a& {1 A& h: p
159. The fast& u) a; K- q' ?" |; J
a) Fast of moral pressure' B' A9 u, u1 ~7 Z% p
b) Hunger strike
8 |( @* P: Y3 D8 Z& V+ }6 a c) Satyagrahic fast" X# ]" m: X, F) x; S, _/ g4 W
160. Reverse trial
1 U+ L. e( O- w' c, Q$ l 161. Nonviolent harassment3 _ ~ L/ V* _1 R1 W7 C+ g# |& e0 g1 l
2 @7 Z/ G Z! _3 `0 ?5 o; z1 jPhysical Intervention
; w, b! D$ u( S7 y M% O& {* m3 j+ U 162. Sit-in
}3 R/ ~* N! J7 c& k% k 163. Stand-in
3 W( g% t" I1 a$ v 164. Ride-in- c) l: O3 m2 O: j* R- t' S
165. Wade-in
# E1 S/ q- {2 N, M+ c2 r+ h! D 166. Mill-in
& h0 }8 Z0 i+ M" a& e7 } 167. Pray-in
. b. \! j g/ Y 168. Nonviolent raids) _2 s$ s2 R+ s
169. Nonviolent air raids) {4 V8 x0 T2 j
170. Nonviolent invasion4 X J! e1 f! Y6 K. ]% {
171. Nonviolent interjection
6 j' P6 |1 Z0 l* o3 Z. w 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ v/ q, K" I" _1 x 173. Nonviolent occupation/ y! l& A, |9 k K
) r% O+ C7 {" fSocial Intervention
8 W; x5 |5 W( r; z& H/ ~9 Z 174. Establishing new social patterns
( L2 _0 t3 {+ W/ X4 U 175. Overloading of facilities Q Z3 v" |- u: R
176. Stall-in# u: b$ c+ S3 _) p& {, A
177. Speak-in
# u, O" o& w; d* Q7 C9 [ 178. Guerrilla theater: a9 D+ B% U# \. c
179. Alternative social institutions+ b/ z- d- H' J8 L. @
180. Alternative communication system- }8 V9 j/ t' t1 F* [5 ]( ?1 `
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Economic Intervention
" Z9 j M8 y4 O" K4 [* m% ]: s 181. Reverse strike% N/ z3 }2 X+ {3 c0 G( u
182. Stay-in strike D- `) I. G. r! f: l, Z; K
183. Nonviolent land seizure% t2 ^0 p0 m% ]. A- w
184. Defiance of blockades( m+ v t/ q; v9 p I m& e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ D9 y+ x0 T" f* P
186. Preclusive purchasing; R) {# [6 \3 Q, ?7 m0 M' y
187. Seizure of assets- ^: _; Q! v# q1 K
188. Dumping. }( c, R: a2 ~- s" @- C
189. Selective patronage+ z4 {3 D: N; N( j# d- t# R' n
190. Alternative markets9 T0 u& M. r$ @. w9 W3 g2 C1 _+ Q
191. Alternative transportation systems7 O1 o' m+ _. ` d3 R- d; t F
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 f$ B8 b$ }3 f1 }2 y
7 L- j' D: n2 dPolitical Intervention
8 ^8 w& o0 N' H7 K$ F( X' H7 {% t4 E 193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 C/ U$ i% h: W# A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" Q" B3 w2 c3 ^% I6 H) L
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 _: b% Y% x7 b$ ~' Q @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" ]$ m2 b( P. x3 i# L4 v, ?2 V 197. Work-on without collaboration( b% J8 b# |' D
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ f' j: I) U, a( N
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
