 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
0 u( x; k2 b8 W: J D2 L. _Formal Statements8 t9 L$ b# }4 K1 W/ ]0 c
1. Public Speeches
! Y0 o4 v; V, Q3 ^2 S 2. Letters of opposition or support
4 O4 g( Y. Q4 L$ l( F* v1 j 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ W4 V' G0 L# @9 D! O( Y
4. Signed public statements& J; i! N' r6 {- e! W
5. Declarations of indictment and intention. t. l0 |. O& j- @
6. Group or mass petitions, L0 g- l- P- f+ H
/ d$ F- c: U' Y+ ACommunications with a Wider Audience2 P* N% \" Q. i2 ]5 @2 F+ l2 H; K
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% @8 p% E6 S% R; T/ e: z. L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( \ v4 y4 G0 w0 u* l( h# ]! a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 d; t* \7 U& }" D; B
10. Newspapers and journals
5 s3 y( r6 L9 f8 D% c 11. Records, radio, and television8 d) M" E% R3 a3 f8 G) w
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
2 U4 ^. n% N% V* S- ]: P. O% M; `% U; h O7 G6 s
Group Representations
5 |1 A+ }- U, @+ L. O& U0 Y/ W 13. Deputations
; n9 f: O0 G8 {) A5 m& I; g 14. Mock awards
3 i1 \3 k2 i/ @1 _% a 15. Group lobbying. w8 M/ L- U0 r
16. Picketing, j8 u0 g" T3 g+ u+ ^5 C8 t o
17. Mock elections
. w, \4 O$ ]( n- O1 N. _
8 D: R' t/ n; z, b9 dSymbolic Public Acts
4 c5 B0 c& {( `: H6 s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ V% @# B x+ h B 19. Wearing of symbols
3 u% Y. Q2 l6 C+ s 20. Prayer and worship) h8 l! e2 S" }
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 Q# T& j) I3 A: j0 \ 22. Protest disrobings2 E1 q; Q+ Z) R
23. Destruction of own property
- z# x# e2 |' J, G8 w* y 24. Symbolic lights! g! D! w! D9 }$ k u @
25. Displays of portraits& H. x# y2 @' a2 [) \- o0 m. c
26. Paint as protest }* B' k6 ~% y/ p* g* P; Y. ?& y
27. New signs and names7 L) {7 N; v0 e+ Z: L( W* M: ^
28. Symbolic sounds: {: c0 X% W$ y+ U/ \/ K4 g1 B
29. Symbolic reclamations4 t2 P$ o% [$ X, ~
30. Rude gestures( V/ |1 v3 D2 j& G# G
3 M& c$ `1 v: j
Pressures on Individuals/ r0 f; B( e: J( |) F
31. “Haunting” officials+ s# p5 t+ P+ D# |$ w' g6 S& A
32. Taunting officials
1 k6 w& s, w* W4 f9 Y 33. Fraternization
, o$ s& ]5 ~, D6 g# E 34. Vigils* H+ [$ g3 W% A' V; F6 m/ P
: ~: C; z" T% ?/ d p* G
Drama and Music
; H: E: r W* U1 V$ ~: v/ P 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 p/ y" u, U; ?+ Q% v 36. Performances of plays and music
9 L" U9 m! R/ _ 37. Singing
" z" _# ^" H5 B$ u8 Q0 n; b( ~7 e- J- Z# g5 e. T( e& `
Processions1 G e! V7 y9 }' |4 s
38. Marches- J" U5 H( n( I) m2 X
39. Parades/ { u% O2 E2 G+ w1 s
40. Religious processions
0 V; G$ P; G8 \; p2 m2 @ 41. Pilgrimages
8 f2 x5 z' z- W 42. Motorcades* H5 O' i) a$ M( E: Z& d
, i l; Y) s6 w3 R8 FHonoring the Dead/ u1 v' l( W& N' G5 a
43. Political mourning
0 E4 V& Y3 f, I" `: u 44. Mock funerals
* I. @3 ^1 Z y% D4 @2 _# v$ Y 45. Demonstrative funerals
. A" F2 e0 h x( b 46. Homage at burial places
9 y$ R0 T, d# [- X: z b1 d6 c6 o: O2 ~
Public Assemblies7 `+ U- N) D3 b8 f# b. e! m, u [
47. Assemblies of protest or support* B2 E( b9 o9 A6 f0 M- j
48. Protest meetings
1 d% e. {" j5 e# \0 M/ u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% F S# X* u" V$ M+ n6 c; P; o% I
50. Teach-ins
) m! \5 a2 I0 D. _5 |. f# N
0 K: f3 e g6 y) W! N; }Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 f6 T6 @3 j1 e, t5 ?/ ?7 M 51. Walk-outs; O! s+ q/ y3 u4 x( i3 w& f
52. Silence
9 [' |4 B" O$ g 53. Renouncing honors, A2 t$ K: L5 F
54. Turning one’s back1 E' i; F3 x: I# l9 v
* Q% w, M! l1 Q$ p1 W; G) _
, f E: g: h4 G, l- |& K4 E! t7 w/ P& Y6 v& ?+ ~6 o( u3 a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 N: t, E1 P: L
* u" ?/ E& }9 j, v; n6 f
N0 H/ b3 b1 h/ Z) S6 {, c
% r& n, J5 P/ Y+ [Ostracism of Persons. h# D* l. l, Y( j) x
55. Social boycott: U+ C4 n. B8 g0 ~) A! J
56. Selective social boycott2 j) U/ ^+ R( R/ s
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# N4 a R( b' M* R$ b$ O/ ` 58. Excommunication9 {( b/ i4 V) @# H, C& z, B6 U, O
59. Interdict6 d; \# K. v2 j h; F3 |3 \
# k. q9 G- R1 b
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. ^5 P$ _ P: k& {7 |+ t
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& c1 j, ?. o, M$ f3 e, s$ ~ 61. Boycott of social affairs$ y" | w! C8 p$ H8 y! o9 N
62. Student strike+ v3 e( E+ l2 e* B
63. Social disobedience
9 S6 i: a/ N5 k! D7 b/ D) |9 B! x& i2 t 64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 J2 |8 h! V9 d1 v9 Z9 m; K/ z: m
4 k+ r$ K+ I) @! FWithdrawal from the Social System
]+ a; K& ^5 m3 E 65. Stay-at-home
4 V3 e, ]) s- b- T 66. Total personal noncooperation- s n {% A( A- A; F% f- J
67. “Flight” of workers- R# ?( e' U9 N t/ U
68. Sanctuary! N2 J4 f0 [, g& D9 n
69. Collective disappearance2 i8 U& [. b3 v2 X; |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
- i2 M3 R; A% W+ r+ g0 S- c: A) V+ L+ c" v: ]
% A4 s8 e* q9 Q, A8 ^, U
, V+ E$ y- w1 F0 l0 M- S4 E, t: VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: y4 j* R5 A2 v
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Actions by Consumers
! ], I# x$ B- N1 I 71. Consumers’ boycott6 q2 J( Z' j0 V: D3 E# O( a, k5 K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 M. y$ P. @# p ] 73. Policy of austerity- r& A1 L! j! Z) T5 f. \/ S" C' c3 K/ e
74. Rent withholding' N0 A: a: [! F$ R$ h! H! s+ y1 p
75. Refusal to rent( \% m% w1 i/ }5 W& E. x7 }. x
76. National consumers’ boycott
" c8 P' `3 x6 c# L( @ 77. International consumers’ boycott
, Z& v8 m7 [1 X/ b- {- Q2 b9 o5 }3 T- y+ @ A
Action by Workers and Producers
# y! v0 t: \1 O1 |/ K 78. Workmen’s boycott! k$ ]) d* ^! d$ Y( F
79. Producers’ boycott
7 e- R# ?+ W8 d7 ]5 B2 I
6 d8 g2 f* |0 W- c9 a, W/ OAction by Middlemen
. p. w5 [# O+ n9 T$ v: M* D" Z4 p 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! @5 ^. `% w0 u: B7 `1 b3 n: A1 ^8 l3 ~7 r
1 ^! n6 |0 d- o" ?% C+ z
Action by Owners and Management! R0 w* X) ?. K3 |8 N/ r
81. Traders’ boycott9 |0 `9 B' D" {
82. Refusal to let or sell property9 v3 q! G! b, q( j8 f7 J8 }9 c
83. Lockout8 ^% y" y4 i5 R* x: w" h* Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance; \/ `- F( S$ y; ? `
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. c# y: R5 A4 G3 w9 G+ j" L7 q/ _4 H! c* l2 r' Z; {
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 R9 @" V- Q' H4 r3 y" P; w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: m1 P& D9 N8 e% K, {' l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 i5 M5 h+ y- _8 h. V 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 L# o; S; N; @9 u) c 89. Severance of funds and credit
0 O# U% H# R5 f1 Z2 q7 o$ I 90. Revenue refusal* l0 _1 D: W; v# V# k
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 H S5 s" Z7 B- W3 r: b; c$ T9 l
5 ?5 ?6 y2 y, X( H0 J5 \
Action by Governments6 U; i C) Q* d6 c+ W9 L8 W- ]- i
92. Domestic embargo. Y! \. ]0 t7 ?' v! f
93. Blacklisting of traders0 y* v6 F8 _& N0 H5 `
94. International sellers’ embargo- C; P1 X6 t/ W
95. International buyers’ embargo8 E7 E Q# d. X1 w2 J; q7 w( U
96. International trade embargo" l- D% S! y4 _6 p5 H; R
: o% c0 h5 Z% Y# l9 S
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/ P2 [. V/ z( j( e$ @2 Z \THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" P0 O( n+ R7 t, T
h$ v- v1 R, T" n1 Z$ j$ }
' I& d3 H K# r
Symbolic Strikes& R$ e) W+ c7 Q( t$ n$ M
97. Protest strike
: c# m! j- {- u) k5 K6 @) L 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" a, x8 l* d+ j {5 X8 N& D
: ^5 o9 z+ W- aAgricultural Strikes) i( S( W* R9 v( }- {$ | c9 x
99. Peasant strike
& q r9 C6 t( n, [! [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 d1 y! E4 W( t1 o, `; e: I& P6 D1 a$ Y' D
Strikes by Special Groups
, F. A( `- A( t 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ D7 C5 O8 S# i+ U 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 k; Z- X X1 X. I2 p: I2 s' s- `* N 103. Craft strike: r) P, M2 Y! U6 D U* |0 s0 [' z
104. Professional strike/ ]& N8 Q; X% D5 }7 O. l, f% v
1 _% p" R/ ^ B5 t/ LOrdinary Industrial Strikes) a# j9 b) }* ?8 l! H4 s) J5 B. W
105. Establishment strike
$ Y( f6 P' ]# d& X6 r) P) x; @ 106. Industry strike6 q" u- X- T$ G, u
107. Sympathetic strike
) c- n9 E# u6 I) ` y3 r: j+ t: Q& P- x( t* p; Z1 O0 [
Restricted Strikes; _5 L% _6 Y+ a+ m
108. Detailed strike
7 g, m; J6 L. G8 W# C* | 109. Bumper strike
+ W' s3 p: S: A: z* B. t0 M! P9 L$ S8 g 110. Slowdown strike
& U# C" I: w& r3 `7 i# g 111. Working-to-rule strike
! W+ J8 P( z6 w6 p1 B" ] 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* A$ _9 r3 ], E" {2 R 113. Strike by resignation
$ u4 Y- _# B1 H3 R' _2 s1 ?; i 114. Limited strike t6 r. r' Q( W. U( B* H/ n
115. Selective strike% R- {, R2 O7 m. q! L% B/ Y* c" E
- }; T) h6 b2 c6 F- s1 \Multi-Industry Strikes: b' X1 e0 M& G, U# Q3 _
9 A: t5 |9 g* K, ?' E
116. Generalized strike8 f5 f4 N& ?9 d5 f
5 Z2 @, W, F; E& L, w 117. General strike' _: q; H! c* z: `
- p9 P5 G$ C9 ?( v
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% s# D1 X1 n4 m+ `) z0 w
: |8 ]$ E. \" Y' v$ q* a 118. Hartal7 L0 P4 r" W4 |& ~2 p& E5 A
: C5 j& V2 O9 v8 g5 b! N
119. Economic shutdown4 \8 S: ?- g* X. ~ u$ j
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( V* ?' M) F6 T+ u9 c$ B) [THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
8 e, E. i. u5 E0 E c5 h" ?0 S7 R: s0 c* h
6 ]$ }9 H) m7 L E
Rejection of Authority$ I2 P; k: V6 P- _% |
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 c3 ]. Y0 r1 n! D! V 121. Refusal of public support$ w2 l8 V9 U" a: f, z+ {- z/ n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) C* Z7 @ j+ t+ D) |$ a9 F7 B& q0 B- |1 C! Q) @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ ~- U# E0 J% H5 Z9 F3 \ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 C7 Y* `- M& A0 k, K 124. Boycott of elections
+ R8 E! f* H9 J V+ {# ^2 P$ } 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( c( }3 D0 y _; F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 _! @4 M! E" ]) Q. ^/ h( m9 O9 _
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 k* X: Z% y- v$ v/ m% ]0 o
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* ~! ?/ g9 R7 E& z2 f8 D6 ` 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" H3 a" S0 V. j9 a! g! _6 B; l
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ r6 s- e- d# e9 m! _4 r% k5 F% l. I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) ?& |7 k; M( |5 V( y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions U' X/ ?# S% v: h8 N+ a4 ?9 L
' m+ G/ w3 O2 w1 `. r: |/ ]
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) l0 ?# x, `$ A8 J2 Q5 H
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& x- z4 d$ k% h) Q( \, P9 P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ n7 c Y2 O% Q/ f
135. Popular nonobedience
" G' P# E* a0 { 136. Disguised disobedience
$ G3 |" z7 H% z: t- b0 { 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' A; k6 W8 c B- ?1 \, O! b" K 138. Sitdown% b( g" a4 J) F3 t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. A: x7 ]1 p9 J
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' g- E. `$ Z* J$ w* N4 R5 V, P' ]
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 S/ S3 y. `7 Y) S
# {$ h# m: H6 d0 n7 j' B& u( kAction by Government Personnel
- T& [- ]" J, Y3 A 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ e' d8 W# W' w8 p2 }3 l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, ~+ x5 v! g+ O+ X* X. n 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ i& S/ @4 S9 t) w/ @8 T* |% w 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation) [' n6 T2 @' g+ c/ x+ b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" L, Y% f, l3 w$ _) y% n
148. Mutiny
- `0 k$ L9 l0 e; g( _ _Domestic Governmental Action
+ I6 @/ U" m3 k/ O( \- E6 J 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 J" V& I7 g1 x( ?- `5 J 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 l. J% T$ O9 h# O% O6 \
6 T8 L' M6 A) _% H; BInternational Governmental Action
* i- G. A7 ` }, }" ]( ]* v 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 D/ \2 O# l) ]4 T- n% p( l
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 q, u8 b9 w4 z- @2 j) f, T2 E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& G9 Q# w! h4 t9 _5 K6 ~
154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 p- l9 G9 d5 u. {# A" A6 j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 u K1 ~8 q8 m: v
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' v1 ?% ~2 m8 v( N. a) M
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% Y5 ]$ ]# b, v0 E# x S* M9 u {
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: t1 a. {1 z- ~5 }, o/ Z8 eTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
( V8 [/ x- k: \& Y- Y0 R; o7 e h
" |( Z7 j8 _0 Q- h0 t5 K # H# o/ G: t7 A$ A4 R; o4 ~( o
Psychological Intervention
( d5 l4 F2 ^8 W2 U0 D 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 ]# w4 P9 _0 A7 f$ m
159. The fast$ P1 K7 R9 m/ D0 V# r: s g
a) Fast of moral pressure. D' y5 i% ]# b- ]- K* N
b) Hunger strike, q A+ q) O8 j" }5 F* R
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 l( [4 s* f6 K- H/ U# f' N 160. Reverse trial2 O' g! K& o" L4 C) U
161. Nonviolent harassment$ a; C+ \( @3 q
) z" Q6 I0 e3 X* o# z$ x% w1 k
Physical Intervention
9 D' t) i4 p# D' ~! T 162. Sit-in8 Z; p; W% L7 l7 c, w4 _
163. Stand-in
' O, I t6 t* R- r4 e 164. Ride-in
$ S- u7 L( ], e/ ^! }, |7 X 165. Wade-in: q4 s7 w2 X6 M6 ` i' k
166. Mill-in
" _! U; }) E& _; w 167. Pray-in6 T5 A0 B6 N2 P7 f& Z$ e D. t
168. Nonviolent raids
( O* E, s& p: W% c 169. Nonviolent air raids
* H- Z1 z4 W$ S& L b+ _4 M6 R 170. Nonviolent invasion: {6 G* J5 ~, b) o. Q' w6 u4 j0 F
171. Nonviolent interjection3 G; J, G S1 e& d& O/ F# i
172. Nonviolent obstruction
! J# {1 C; L0 o1 q7 H 173. Nonviolent occupation& I! c( w1 T7 b4 e4 }9 k0 s
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Social Intervention, e! M* j0 m0 u
174. Establishing new social patterns3 L6 K9 h7 q' w4 F! g4 F# d0 u
175. Overloading of facilities% A$ \3 B; m/ z' {. N
176. Stall-in! J, H8 T6 N) M# v, {0 o2 X* d
177. Speak-in
# l2 y6 p- R5 v6 _: w& H* ^ 178. Guerrilla theater( U& s, q& |! z
179. Alternative social institutions
+ c* a! u; A3 K& W' n 180. Alternative communication system* j% W/ R3 O/ i8 g# E5 d( K5 k5 d
7 s6 U0 I" @; ~) e; `Economic Intervention
$ L& w- R3 R+ }+ k5 Z 181. Reverse strike9 J" Z& R& I ]7 t) u& _
182. Stay-in strike
3 N, v1 l1 h5 k# d+ T& ~2 K 183. Nonviolent land seizure- m- k+ {1 ]8 }# Z, b- f
184. Defiance of blockades
1 F; o U* y: @: j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 ~/ R+ H0 f. ]- r+ n. y2 [" U 186. Preclusive purchasing. A! L& L- i, ?3 X9 b( k
187. Seizure of assets
) y8 [, h' ?6 r. Q& i" u, Z- k 188. Dumping( D1 s0 ?- c& B2 M) @! b
189. Selective patronage
: p! M* Y9 p- R7 _- {3 m 190. Alternative markets; n% Z- j4 |# [& j% a& O
191. Alternative transportation systems6 j, l2 [2 z5 x' O ~
192. Alternative economic institutions0 b! {9 Z( R1 y
* l Y- B- T5 ]+ f5 t
Political Intervention
, l( b4 x3 T1 ?6 A3 D% n. Q! Y 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 b/ W. \8 s0 W9 k6 o7 r3 P
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
. M! a0 C5 f1 d+ z 195. Seeking imprisonment1 X; k* C3 y7 Z3 E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 V( S% T' g( h- {% O" [
197. Work-on without collaboration
& H0 P( i+ E f' v* r5 \1 E7 e, A/ G9 B c 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* s0 A2 b d1 o* ?) J
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
