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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 - k- i# m. G3 y
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, e5 U9 U4 X) U6 r* _Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?9 O" z+ S; C! N
; W p7 g, Q1 X9 dBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere." Q' A4 }) p0 B; v+ A' W
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.( A7 |3 h, g6 p. V9 B
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.0 i/ \2 P+ H6 Q) ]( T2 e
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
' B+ |$ g, M) d3 L1 I6 SThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.( Y+ _$ e- |7 T$ v' U( \+ m5 l
The country codes used are :+ B0 L1 x! a& U7 q
; J8 d8 F. w4 i8 y1 z0 G: a3 fCODE \COUNTRY
( f5 s, f& W7 o8 Y2 v4 Y7 I00-13 USA & Canada
* U' l' d0 v- W; P/ l' I: x: l# y20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
& C' U" o P2 a0 [& C30-37 France! C& l0 ~( U0 H8 C% J$ M# [5 d
380 Bulgaria
4 }) h! P3 p' }+ ?" W+ P5 G5 R- o383 Slovenia
% h, y5 H- k& t* v% T- c J385 Croatia
( g" l! U" m. e$ F% Y- ^387 Bosnia-Herzegovina' K7 [; N' p6 Q
400-440 Germany; J. u8 W, Y2 `9 |. ^, e. c$ h" w4 L
45 Japan
4 p5 q P$ i- m4 R$ d& J9 s# c* I46 Russian Federation# A# u6 J- \2 g! L1 x6 b ?
471 Taiwan
7 I0 f, q) `% A0 h) Z1 b% r474 Estonia
, e& U4 p' z% H475 Latvia
7 x' B: Z. y- P7 F476 Azerbaijan c3 P" a) J& a* Z( _
477 Lithuania
/ N C* C; t- n1 z, F9 v! m478 Uzbekistan7 ^8 j ?: \6 d% b1 A; l
479 Sri Lanka
. h" Q2 |1 J7 D0 q2 u: ^( z480 Philippines9 l6 w4 m ?0 l8 @" {- V, _
481 Belarus. e& Y5 i4 I/ g& @
482 Ukraine2 U# z q' B0 R& ]& I2 s6 q
484 Moldova
- h- g& X& g3 n, q6 E- k485 Armenia- c3 g: E; C/ J
486 Georgia: s" o' t: P$ O, P- m9 G
487 Kazakhstan. f" y: N! i0 R D! P% U2 e
489 Hong Kong
% X: h5 ^0 L5 X! l) @49 Japan
( N7 ?; e4 j0 |5 b* e7 o50 UK
: L) `& E: A: Q3 @9 ^* B520 Greece- n: g3 G, l. p; j8 D- X1 A
528 Lebanon
6 B! D+ O* U3 E% j529 Cyprus8 G% j/ W( r# \( u5 ]( y* V
531 Macedonia
3 v! @) L s5 f535 Malta9 a$ E7 k% V1 w& O& E* n
539 Ireland$ I( d6 D1 I Z: l3 d5 Z2 b
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
3 z& v& g1 e6 g8 B6 z560 Portugal, h4 F- Z) o* U: b7 m) V# \
569 Iceland
; V) u# O7 T: O9 _- x, K/ {3 |+ c57 Denmark
: U8 U) o5 i* c590 Poland8 M4 f2 Y3 }- X' V4 x
594 Romania ^+ n. }: }. ]6 W1 {* i' e
599 Hungary
- ~3 `+ u6 U, A8 e: t600-601 South Africa8 p' g# T% c; e; R+ ?7 @( s
609 Mauritius8 e) O7 r9 r2 O5 n+ F% [# ^) t
611 Morocco
" W: E5 y/ m' f613 Algeria
# _+ v& \! x4 _0 Q' t; v619 Tunisia& d$ g: t, b2 ?* J% }! M2 S% o
621 Syria
- ^7 j0 @0 O) U# t! E6 a622 Egypt
( ?7 [6 R/ n0 i! ~0 I' h6 W624 Libya( B; n" x, a: c9 _$ G: |
625 Jordan
, T+ c% q! @1 W9 |5 E/ N9 R626 Iran1 d! R ~( h3 [ q! F8 N- K
627 Kuwait
" m+ s7 V+ W4 q1 {1 F1 F: w$ @5 ^628 Saudi Arabia: M0 z) j% k: z$ M" A
629 United Arab Emirates6 C5 ~: N# ~6 y8 S8 `4 u# f3 S4 M% U
64 Finland
& K( c* Q. e* n( h- J7 [, U0 o6 z690-692 China1 Z. ]- }* v' K9 c5 ]) r' ^
70 Norway
) I+ o- L" w' r- V9 K1 Y" p. w729 Israel( R8 {! l) l/ Z
73 Sweden
) E3 _9 g' Y: B% j; l" N$ y7 M! C740 Guatemala1 Y1 f8 S" u: y; Y3 A4 U- Z- }6 D
741 El Salvador. f: h1 _- H: B! y9 M- J
742 Honduras
" T+ S& Y/ W4 Q- _* y ~$ i743 Nicaragua
; a. T; K, j q744 Costa Rica4 P* F3 R# B& F* q
745 Panama p3 j$ c0 w! u, a
746 Dominican Republic
4 Z" ], i5 V6 f750 Mexico
' L) `* F K7 ]759 Venezuela
# \% _& w" N0 N0 n: f+ s* K76 Switzerland" l: D B6 u2 `8 B. u: X, @% _
770 Colombia0 R7 u- l6 L4 F! R! }$ P* B+ G
773 Uruguay: h/ i+ o# M1 ^' T T! `8 h2 {% S7 x
775 Peru2 D0 ?" \9 T$ p q+ {$ n m
777 Bolivia
4 B; M& l* `, i9 a$ @2 L, r% y& c) u( D779 Argentina% s K$ y) ^' S% X
780 Chile8 b# W1 z8 {" X
784 Paraguay6 a' x' p5 s h
785 Peru
$ x0 F" R1 H C1 r# Y7 y0 X- Z7 ?786 Ecuador- W. b6 [, H' E
789 Brazil% z5 x, G, `/ t+ u
80-83 Italy/ Q* \, l9 [7 S3 ]& A! g
84 Spain9 k' c0 v4 q# M+ o
850 Cuba
9 l& z9 N9 J' S' I* N858 Slovakia0 _ `+ H. s& Q: d* L2 M% m
859 Czech Republic& m e$ {0 M! Z# t2 B1 G u( o
860 Serbia & Montenegro1 w# D, G8 B8 J5 H/ ^3 J) x
869 Turkey5 b9 _( a/ t K+ J0 v
87 Netherlands
$ ~' A; r L$ E" a0 w) G) n880 South Korea. Z3 L9 o8 Y: w
885 Thailand
1 [$ s( {3 k4 x4 `- q888 Singapore
; z$ P9 |9 Y3 v7 t1 p5 s A890 India/ J$ `- E* F. d- ?4 N7 V2 ?1 H% f
893 Vietnam4 j5 ~, N; z+ A% `. G j: y0 v
899 Indonesia6 K- l& z8 o' D+ y6 H
90 -91 Austria5 f! @ Z6 t* S1 u
93 Australia m, u) B, S! Q
94 New Zealand
1 Z+ r9 [' w/ l: V. S955 Malaysia& z. ?- _: D! n! i9 D6 S8 i7 M% n
958 Macau; i) }$ ~$ C0 F; W; Y
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)8 r- K) ^, {8 |8 Y. k5 l. ?0 _0 }
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)& k; W' O" p, O. N l
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)+ r- n2 b3 I* O+ M2 p9 X2 d5 n
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm: R0 w; ^! `: `
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