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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 5 h ]# |* \( M$ X% A" u! Z
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一、厕所 9 C9 P( _' Z" ~/ _: O
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 # _2 x4 a1 i) p4 t0 u+ [8 M
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 0 `& `" D# ~- ^! x$ H, n
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
) K4 |( _$ X r8 Q0 G Do you have trouble urinating? + a+ V* B1 P3 y l" v4 j7 h |
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) & l: t# g, H' g- {
$ d) K3 f0 B; ?0 z 此外,还有其他的说法: ( ?) m+ C) y1 _% A
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
+ k) E% X4 [7 ^" o * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
1 ]/ {. e* e% \ * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 2 b! b% ~# Q5 M: l. O" i
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
7 F, i! L0 ]. g$ k: b * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. + I6 O9 z! l+ L# U
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 2 g* p3 Y/ \( R3 _1 I
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 3 _' l7 |1 Y0 N& [
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 & o- _/ N+ C1 Z2 r0 L* ?
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
3 Y1 Z3 v i Y 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ( p& ?5 N4 M; {/ q2 h0 a5 w3 U
2 h' D1 y3 N* | 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
9 a: Q! o* N, q# `6 s * The boy needs to pee. % v" i/ H3 ?3 F5 E! M; \, ?
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
. _ |- X7 }* {6 b * Do I need a urine test?
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4 }+ P/ J8 m) j5 L9 K 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
3 |% ~9 u" |7 e" P4 y * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
" K7 G* B& t5 m# n) K# x' g4 Q8 b * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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/ g. u6 R: j1 _/ G 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
$ c; ], z" V6 ?9 E9 B * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 8 e$ h& O4 o ^8 _
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) / S8 D; Q* x) u n3 F8 W2 X! H
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
+ L& L( O, Y1 H1 M: n * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
7 r8 N* f2 M: Z: i9 g5 c 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
+ Q" m2 z" i. ?6 b$ R" o to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
1 L# R( \) G) A0 _& v/ G. U =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 6 e' u- y% {: A- k2 x1 | ]
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) / c) h' O& S) E$ A Y
8 Z4 _5 A i, s/ E' ?# u. @ 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
/ ^4 J7 C! N( A1 a * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: $ {( g4 x. R9 E" v* U
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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/ Q. @; z' y5 L5 X# [6 c5 ?* p 四、放屁 6 b4 @/ Z; O. v# y5 t- P7 q% j' f0 B
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 0 X# Q4 x* C7 {; i4 _5 P8 v
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? / l0 j* m5 B# n6 Q/ s4 B# t) ?6 K
你放屁的次数很多吗?
$ t I. C6 J8 V: L; S, o# v; j- r" f * Is the gas expelled by belching?
+ m5 k! P" T5 |+ v: J 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) % ?: K, o4 O5 J/ s% Q
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. % V8 p% n$ X4 x" s
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
6 t; e S8 ~7 N! D! w- z3 L7 _ * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
4 Q8 ^$ p7 {: G1 k8 U 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
5 s( d. S, ~' f$ g7 q * Be careful not to fart in the public.
' C4 e9 w) j8 [/ S; {" C/ {" Q; v 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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! M9 i0 [. y) y" |" m/ R- u 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: % N: }7 h" F" K; h. e
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) : z- G3 z0 a, e: H/ x6 B Z' t* A
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
1 j$ q% F" a. } 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) - R* T# f+ r v- |2 Z
! G6 m0 ]6 z0 Y* G6 p% Y * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
: t5 P* Z- s$ a# S" a 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
6 E# h4 [4 ~. P9 B! b# |0 R$ ? * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
' }" v" M: H& |% e5 l. ^ 他经常便秘。) 或
) X/ G# H: L# O+ Z# s* R * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
7 |* t1 D+ Z+ E- h0 J2 D * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
- d+ u0 r; {1 [ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 9 f" C& o% d3 h
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. : R: M& N/ W1 G/ l: O ^8 g& I
他拉了一阵肚子。 " D: g) L/ V8 O( B% j0 O) d P
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
6 J* y2 f- @+ m9 N1 X/ f( \ 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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