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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! # H+ H( z/ N5 B% C+ j' H+ z, V* O! P
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一、厕所 8 C5 z2 x) x+ l6 v$ R/ P
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 * i/ X( ^! `. L4 o* p( ?8 ?
% `; a& z4 \0 V% ] 二、解小便 1 ]" x# B, \8 O( A* K
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: & E/ |" }/ o) y- E7 n
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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2 ?* F" w M1 J# A 医生或许也会问:
8 H' L0 W0 M7 u( | Do you have trouble urinating? . b; X% d7 K4 D$ h
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
/ G9 d! x- k, X: l& S to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
4 ^, J* r8 ^, D z: N: d5 j8 B" L * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
6 ~1 u6 [2 z' r * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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5 @; n3 O- o# Q. b# u1 E- [# d 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: $ C# j' J U( o8 N
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
2 S3 F' `) g D 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ; d o! P8 w1 C% Z$ \0 A
3 T4 b; j" R7 v+ B * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
0 Y8 p6 D( B! \6 `+ d 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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2 a) z* o1 b$ l * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. $ V9 C; _4 Y! p3 ?. _ N- N
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
4 z- @+ U- e+ E! y* M! o * The boy needs to pee. # [. o G2 P- v+ }
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 2 X8 b6 C B6 I7 L) o0 V/ J6 R
* Do I need a urine test?
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" J) R; Q- z9 e/ I; ` 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ' F- }6 c' I7 A
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
) b6 d8 |" i7 K9 p * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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- g" X0 a' Y# n! V3 [: w* y 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
2 ]& U8 O3 y; _! ? * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 3 q8 a* y/ p6 c1 F O" U
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) - p5 Q1 T/ C7 F+ i- \
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) , Y/ X. h/ H/ L) C: R
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) * S- I j) h! b! L+ a
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三、解大便 8 y" o1 C, z6 o) i. a9 ?( h: u/ `/ A
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: : k( V; f$ {4 w1 M$ [" I8 ]
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ( {0 ^( ]# B3 C" q/ z6 L
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: O5 d, \3 d/ q- Z9 ?
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) % B. y" I$ O) k* w% s
: a* w+ p# L# I 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
5 j- z! D. H* ?0 g: a * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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/ t, m7 o* y- K/ [" m: V 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: : s2 e' b8 j8 d
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
1 J2 e( b' ~" w1 L 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: , |* q) S I' S/ i
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
+ J) d4 {& r# H+ ?. V 你放屁的次数很多吗? ! x1 S: H+ |, b# u
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 3 B4 C k" O: }4 X- V; k. l
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
; S, P* u8 A) H4 Y. `' q; z: N * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
$ G6 t! w6 L2 h, H* p! j8 X j 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
. Q& Z# d, e5 t1 R4 f U( x+ U * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
# }5 i8 B+ k$ I$ ^& j! r7 o# b) c ~ 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
! s( q5 ?' l* ^! j* Y* v6 ~7 g * Be careful not to fart in the public. 7 D4 v3 r. ^4 C4 j
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 : j. w: R4 I& d1 M0 }3 [* m$ a
, n7 t* c6 F; p: l3 ]$ l' L 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
& X6 V8 n* j* Y# r! q * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) - c" s, ^( ?' i) k, `4 i. H
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
5 {4 K3 x& s- g$ {/ X8 w+ w 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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8 \3 f4 H, R9 c. r3 y * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
+ `$ g- z) t. _7 o 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
5 B# s0 o# Y$ G9 t$ T * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ' U, _$ a) i3 e e% f
他经常便秘。) 或
* e4 ?) X' u# t) q: ^ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
! p. F" l$ `' N: x# N; l8 F * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 2 C& ]; C3 \. o4 e
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* y) k# c/ X2 C' c' X0 M * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. / W7 ~5 x( V: m- ~
他拉了一阵肚子。
% |, K8 ^! b% {/ A- N4 K* E * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
3 e) W$ F; Q# h7 n) G* Z- ^ 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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