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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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6 O; w( V+ u. d 一、厕所
g. I! ~9 S2 x& `; s+ x 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ! M8 y9 h# p2 i+ f; v/ r- a2 p9 t4 N7 H
8 w( a6 K3 M ]% c9 b, C4 Q. i 二、解小便
* O, z5 w3 i& V5 [ 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
1 ^! C0 `' ^* ^# ` Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
* O7 b. U5 c" o! ~. Q5 z4 N+ | Do you have trouble urinating?
" {7 E0 @4 c4 y- U =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ! V3 M( A( @" t1 L6 M V+ r6 O
) X! H' [: s. e$ M" s; V* e- X' G" a 此外,还有其他的说法: ( o, q* ~# |. {5 y6 h/ ]# O
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
0 X) f4 H- x* X# H) S/ m: g% ` * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
# c5 \* q% c8 F- H1 N * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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/ W9 w, i; D0 k( x* v* Q/ r2 L 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ( K8 E9 P/ k2 g
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ) Y6 ?" n& m1 D* Z5 s# ], e
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ) ] `) `: J% j; n, P
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. # V% @9 D+ q; j( ~
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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. g% Y7 \& @3 }) J3 y * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
/ N; A$ r# ~) l+ K2 f5 |% a 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: " |; S. Y! b3 s0 Q- E( k
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
! S- ?* C5 ]# {! ]+ y& J' G, g * Do I need a urine test? 1 f. K) V0 \1 f& d: l2 ~6 H
% T ~$ |/ w$ z1 ? 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
6 L. x- U& Y2 k7 x# O9 b * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
. u6 U2 R J/ f * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) - }) D+ U' `# }1 j
- O/ `6 S/ ^ ?: I1 O2 ^) R 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ; E8 c+ b% P4 b0 F4 x$ I: D8 S! P7 b
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) / s$ N( k n7 B2 o: R6 M! V8 D
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; s9 D+ ~ B2 V2 a
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) ' M! a+ b' Y4 a0 z5 o
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 4 j1 L! m" h. @* O
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三、解大便
! D) H! |1 v$ J& f 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
* x* U) F- y2 Q" z, A to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
& M! W& d" G; f4 l% ^/ w =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
5 E d" J! k! e6 ]: V9 _. F- x * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: - q j3 T# D9 `( P1 X- z
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) # x! o" n$ Q4 [- k' b0 D
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
6 o1 M9 _: N* l+ }( I * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
4 t+ K R! p0 M9 r, I 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 7 ], C* B! D9 p" J+ T' i
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
+ ]8 U% i9 D0 [+ A y 你放屁的次数很多吗?
- I) u+ S& s3 V% p6 @; W( K/ [* _7 | * Is the gas expelled by belching?
4 W1 p( g' m% c& V 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) " ?( I! `; \+ z& n `3 ?
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. $ a! E7 q. ^+ L! ]: g
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 2 H6 f+ `( ^; `$ ]. W Z# N/ `
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
1 l8 P" u: Z2 K% B 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
! Y k; Y ~: r * Be careful not to fart in the public. : T# b! l+ |1 j- }5 ^2 [7 A
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 * l/ G& U4 |9 E. T4 L
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
G# `) J+ ]( a* b * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ' ]6 N8 |: R; _1 D/ N7 ]) Q1 P, U
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 8 A1 F7 {: s* P r2 Y
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) / Q7 S+ |: H+ {: k
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
$ Z) V6 A: q6 e' w. e7 S6 C 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
$ B! i/ W/ n& d: L* v6 ^1 Q; a2 \ * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 1 M+ T z' t7 k4 T+ Y' d; x
他经常便秘。) 或 : W7 w7 \ U( X. l" P
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
# g# i7 o, n* t# U+ C * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
' \5 S( S4 p9 @/ [, A- g, n' A * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. ( H# O# U, y% ~0 z; q
他拉了一阵肚子。
4 r) z- |2 d' r* N! G) j * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
2 N1 S; j; m$ \/ V: f3 x 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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