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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ) E& Z, I3 A% O# |1 w
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一、厕所
. O# j4 c1 n+ w. V K7 a3 {+ a- k 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 5 } O: K- t1 Z0 b/ n6 r
2 ^# P% n' \/ m% t( _ 二、解小便 1 O% E: ]3 m& m Q% C. T
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 7 g) |) g+ m2 s
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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Z! N) B' e" t3 K 医生或许也会问: 0 O3 _: F0 F" T! ] Z
Do you have trouble urinating? 0 A4 C+ d! N: D$ O i' q
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 3 R5 Y3 K- V# R% ^- k
! ^$ U W6 U0 y1 P8 Q0 o 此外,还有其他的说法: 2 M# Q2 ]; ]# T1 i" j+ u
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
7 F8 f. I1 j5 `. F- S6 x/ f * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 6 V$ M2 I' F4 `; V- d
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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/ p8 h+ k" q9 }) B4 i; W1 g$ b) ? 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: # ^6 c7 H# f) d6 J' y
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. - s; P8 x% R- u) }
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 & ^% N0 l* t- {$ h
; O. n) P) h# H# B; J; _ * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
5 Y+ z' t9 K4 _# [ 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ' p% J3 J; W' V# Y- R
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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K- s9 y3 r& Z; `! f 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: & o! |" N7 v0 m0 `$ Z: y; o
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: * a; W8 I, d6 ]
* Do I need a urine test? 6 S2 u6 n, x% F$ o% G
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ! x9 c1 |" i' C/ i9 O
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. % ?1 N5 R" h7 O$ @6 o/ e
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
' h2 q1 u% W8 X$ a' c( N * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 5 r* p5 S" W' ] f2 M! G
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 2 o S" H8 K. e& `
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) # f* @6 M/ B( |6 p
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
9 j' ^* |- q/ D. R; s% A9 F 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: . L# V# U' A2 a0 f1 ]
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 0 N+ A5 m0 Y3 o
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
) r6 U0 n& r0 H5 I * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
1 \9 P. d+ f$ f# C7 V * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) / I" i6 F h# N. F
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
$ l0 c4 A4 d$ z * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 1 T h% Y: I% _7 b H: C
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
0 L4 s' G/ z; ?" A1 w5 @! F How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
5 ^; \) x* P. r 你放屁的次数很多吗?
/ z3 r3 i( ]' j @ * Is the gas expelled by belching?
0 c7 } u* q; {4 \ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 7 C* j/ X& G, }5 r% \
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. " }$ X# @7 l# k6 [
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
8 O) L/ m4 t. T. b3 e/ {* }' b, w. X * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ! Z1 R6 }9 `; y" x
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ^: C1 \& z5 s* M/ k+ Q# I$ I& C
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 0 L8 @+ |2 i8 q8 U
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 : S7 c! {+ z. p; c. C% a) w, E& z
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
5 d+ z I5 l# Z# C L9 N! a6 D * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) : E1 M r' M: |: G, T
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
4 ^) p9 E- l) n' q: }8 Z u 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ! `2 R8 T) c, W; Y
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
6 Y- m" c5 D1 f' _4 y/ u * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 2 `( v3 J5 V" v. A3 ?
他经常便秘。) 或
3 g- w" R$ K# o) P- l7 p * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
+ B0 ?/ l: P& \ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
, o5 B3 P# i) v0 S * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. / j7 V* Q3 P+ s# C2 ^* x4 M
; i% y4 R+ a( _# i5 Q; Z7 ~- e$ [ * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. q' l1 N6 k1 l( c( v. Q& n# ?
他拉了一阵肚子。 * Y6 M' M4 m7 A) a+ m1 i
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) & T) @- L' N0 o- N& w2 l
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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