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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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8 m/ B% F. E2 }& \ 一、厕所 9 n$ n% u8 e/ y, K/ H# d
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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. {7 F2 |2 |5 d0 x5 ~/ j 二、解小便
6 L* }" h+ l8 v* q& Z$ q) T 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
, z% L8 p g3 F1 Q1 D Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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0 P& z; `7 t) P9 i 医生或许也会问: 4 s& V( Q! c' r& x
Do you have trouble urinating? ( G5 o7 U6 V3 `+ P# _' p0 o
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 7 X% C+ K7 m) T. i1 a5 g# c* N
! Y& r4 c& K" f5 d4 ~; P 此外,还有其他的说法:
' |1 d& E4 j- _! v2 y to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
2 s9 }2 B: n+ ^, z * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. + w. O& d" ~1 r
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 5 I' e6 S5 {3 |: P
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. - f! }. O9 R- M, T, Z6 G* d# y
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
! Y, B, [- { |; Z 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ! @0 X$ o+ O- M* D. d" Y
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. : J1 S; D( l, s* u2 f* s- O
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ' |% q0 [. u- i. s
+ }9 c1 y7 w0 h# ^& R6 K* p% Z- C4 G 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
! ~) P3 [& }- b) O * The boy needs to pee. : \: Y% u1 x' H7 M2 V- I" y
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: # ^; n5 y, o8 S, O/ k
* Do I need a urine test?
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& |, Q0 c6 ~; }( ` 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
- [7 E" @: s6 ]( @ * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 1 a8 \7 p B6 K
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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: P6 X/ z6 o7 Q 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
& Z7 D0 R3 S% u/ {3 x * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 6 T5 w; s0 n$ y5 b
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) & D: T, V! x% f* A% W
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
$ q x6 T3 J+ g/ q9 S$ d9 r" J * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
+ D K9 |( H: M4 v 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
5 Y+ ]$ d9 g' q s4 N' M& \ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
1 C0 c- M% Y; S' L& Z) p2 Y9 D" G; I =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
7 a$ ]5 I* P2 Z3 ^) t$ a * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
! T4 {5 |, G1 j: L z * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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7 i3 G! L+ _, g7 P* A 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: " m5 a5 C' `8 \- D' X6 J
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) , O4 R* _4 X5 D# f' b
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四、放屁
1 |# {, w6 x0 b9 }0 o0 c 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
' y ?# s( F* c8 | How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 8 \9 K: e2 D, R9 h, f: C2 |
你放屁的次数很多吗?
+ W0 T4 Q3 F) a1 V" V d. A; O1 ~ * Is the gas expelled by belching?
- \3 B4 a( m6 z# m, X& }% h 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 9 r3 ?: B& t2 J U0 E2 }
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 1 Z \0 W1 j- e9 g. ?
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 3 L' l% I8 ^& q. n
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
* \$ c, `2 p7 Q1 F, C6 f' j 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 % N$ {1 @# Y" U
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
) O) d, @1 a9 u3 e8 Q% u0 ? T 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 / A1 e3 \9 Q. B5 _+ d7 [
: L# ?* `8 M( |, P- ^* A3 \ 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
@% C+ T* K1 t6 P) P * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ! p; n& O; V2 q. V; e; [
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
8 i( C# v3 M5 L( \" N# y( p0 `6 u 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. , B% m' L' z' D
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
1 e' q/ c/ T$ D+ B8 s. ~/ C * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
6 s s1 l! ]( H+ _; Q2 g 他经常便秘。) 或 5 r5 l& a3 m2 W" S/ n
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 1 [7 x6 [- ^ I+ y; W
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
% P1 ]' a' M {8 ?8 e# ? * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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; f3 X- q8 p- Z+ w * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. # p/ ?- ]$ B* V4 k4 R
他拉了一阵肚子。 3 ]7 ?/ i0 K! T; E
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
6 \, ?, F ?% o& l9 P Y6 A 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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