从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
5 C! Q. v" l2 y: S! I8 T# h
' x( z- X1 }2 H9 t3 [, N9 AA：I like apples.

B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
% H( f0 x! K& u4 t! i2 K+ g
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

3 @3 \; w6 B% o# J& _# f4 K1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

* A. f! x( O1 w4 Z又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
8 \: a8 P. O; A" [
# u( h1 T! H& D7 e. E' B第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

+ r8 H. F8 H; t$ ^/ P第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

' l( a% {+ |+ w- T3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
5 x. c* C% H6 g
) C/ V* P  `9 {( ^4 U4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

* x2 n; e! t4 ~" s如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!

' }# \, x. @/ i4 I. ~; l---Nor it has!
5 P( m. @' ^- d' X7 N* e2 I, [/ ]
四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
0 ]9 c: }# T- ~3 l
# @; Z& J' w' N( XDerothy: Look it's raining!
, ?* n1 V/ i1 m; k- d0 R7 K
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
/ {+ N5 H4 _  b6 T
. Q" L6 E. ~: oDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

6 z/ o7 d. k9 n! i; m; ODonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?

' X, u2 Z9 a5 W# tDenald: Yes, let's.

Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

/ Q3 D! Q$ r0 D8 T# X( }% B2 @) FDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
" h4 y" S1 r3 s0 Q3 w
: L& ~) I4 O* ?$ C6 j  B  Q! m' f+ B; a; O% wDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
: Q7 I, ]6 v" v; W/ p9 e: U
8 Q+ I1 S7 [0 X8 r9 ], V/ RDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.
) O$ H% g, ^# H
; q6 R$ M9 _. V+ r* I' m8 HDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
: c( s( z% g. P1 X
9 l) _. S" t$ }Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
: w" N/ Q  v' d+ O
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
9 S' h. H1 c0 H+ v# s
4 H' g7 C& Y# o/ |' EDorothy: Nor do I!
$ F  T2 H4 y  ~& p/ v# g  W
. \! S/ t3 T; {! V2 pDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
5 o$ W% G: I0 y  A3 Y) L' W3 q2 y
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
% L* Q7 h) N1 y0 n  B
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
: Q5 a9 l; N3 w
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
# e5 T% P2 P/ l# Q  ?' |
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.