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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士
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: t3 \3 X2 \$ x/ G1 ?! Ihttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197
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& ~7 C- D2 E! d, \) q22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer# Y+ ^' I$ o( ]- d
9 m- v6 X) [9 ^: D8 E6 eScience and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.) N7 H# W4 ^# G/ ~5 i
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The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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3 C* g& d! w1 q' YThe team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.: a7 V0 P8 A3 h" E; O7 @
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The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.- T8 j( x3 g8 F9 ^
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Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.4 e, e) M' I( Z0 ], {* t
; M- R+ b8 L5 N& }3 T0 ~One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
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! N- _" v7 C9 y* }At its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
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* i, q; a/ I6 T9 t\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.) Q) ` R, u+ I( D6 k c+ `$ ]* h
: F( a# H4 ^1 V\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.& S# p; z% |- c, @# h9 b
" o& g _7 P) o\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\" L, z$ h# l! V8 d# A
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Dr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"! W& j) T2 k0 {7 |
& _6 e. ~/ k" ~% u+ FThe team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.
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- h0 `0 s# C* t K1 G: o+ LThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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( a) h, H8 F! p& t" z, sAnd in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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However, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.& _6 b, } H. X2 |# v3 D5 k
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.# g7 l& s( O% A9 A* D4 A. Q
# h- W, h7 z! c, R& r8 }9 {% o ZHowever, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\". + C. u1 X/ K" Q
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\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.0 } [% @% b s6 u& P
" t6 r! w4 [' s1 ^4 X\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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