 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
# e' i' v4 M& K1 _& P5 @- l; bInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
$ A) x6 b3 J5 a( e4 s' ]" Msyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,. e, j. o+ v% ~* ^/ W
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
5 }% N1 s' c% ?. S* N(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of' H1 M& o B: Y2 i3 v' X- A
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).* @) r0 P: Y: E* U
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=6 c( x- |! I7 d6 t% Y
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
2 w, L# r! Z* P6 K. L; c0 P) d(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving, X4 f4 `. w( G8 ^2 |+ E
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on- [7 l" C) k5 i
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
% T* [. t3 `: W+ `4 R: V(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two; g- c& I- d/ J7 R
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, l$ M2 W `' _/ I2 ysemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.6 h9 ]: Y" @7 V7 P, N' i1 Z
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In2 z) ?5 a5 }( R4 Z
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
* P+ N; r, _$ S. kthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." [7 K% Y! ~8 P: v- P2 d
& y! U) P# I' {(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
" v: w- T- ~7 W0 Aand American speakers of English, |
|