 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The- o' U- | U2 ?
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 B& c5 E& z6 V; E0 W9 s0 E
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,9 v1 \* z% G2 `5 M$ s G+ r/ P4 g
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
3 q B, S% _4 ]1 U1 t" [3 P/ ^(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
: Y* q5 w+ a7 k0 J3 Kretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 l, J q0 x" U& P* \6 g, q( SA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=4 [1 x, g0 ` `0 }
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]$ l6 f) L0 ]+ p" c0 M9 t6 ^
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
, \( Y; B9 R5 Y% `6 uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on" U0 `; b/ ~" B/ a6 J m
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
( `# G. Z' y/ R. i2 ^2 y: F* D5 d(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two& \! W: J G* S. j( T3 j
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
# U( i* h, y$ K$ V" B1 b, x/ bsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
, E0 ^% f1 m) N6 \end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
, l5 [' C8 u/ Q6 ]: Acompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,2 e1 o' f/ Q# J6 ~& o4 c% K7 f$ }
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
. s+ N* a! R v V) R+ }7 }/ r
u0 b* \% J! p; Z8 f0 e. m s/ o; z(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)4 f/ M* b/ `' w3 E8 C. @; o: A
and American speakers of English, |
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