 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
2 m3 p t2 u2 V6 f* RInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ K- x, K' z; h9 y! p
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,4 k( z- \; |9 ~2 U
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial; r7 z& A/ c; H0 e! E
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of, l2 u+ n* V3 T2 [
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ O* J ]) c* s; CA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=! p3 q5 v' d" a. `- o o0 x
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”], N3 f$ u; ]* }5 u1 G
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
% o( j2 ]0 E: ]) W6 d2 T6 Y- [, aretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
6 y$ Q9 z' k; p& g$ N" w" Lpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 R6 c2 I0 z2 E1 e. b" I
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
g& F3 `% q+ B$ ^segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a t" ?" r6 r2 V* `4 Q/ M0 H( I5 o
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; f% ?0 ?8 `% N/ L
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
/ x7 F* C, |7 U; }; dcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
3 _% c1 z' @' m/ T/ Q4 Jthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
4 o& |2 |7 d8 m9 v/ A
1 Z+ X% J/ N' w0 c. a8 N(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
8 d2 W" l+ ^. f& land American speakers of English, |
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