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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The+ {% i4 n( w) f
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
2 q$ C" t, u$ b" O9 N) zsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,& ]" u/ Z: t6 Z1 w, S8 T q) |. t8 ?3 c
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial- B G9 l- o( c- e5 ~3 q; o$ w7 X
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) L( g3 K+ V; y5 L! g
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ L+ y, }' {7 m; z+ ^1 F( UA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=- Q1 X+ M' ]' C% J: E( W: \
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]" @8 {5 Y& J' ^3 \" ]1 Y
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving, |# m# ]2 \5 P1 [* h
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
2 y9 G% Y$ J2 b1 ^8 W5 F" _3 z: {possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset# a- V' L) T% H. i" g& w
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two: ^4 n! V* ^% r9 ^& K0 ~
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
) `$ K0 Y' {% B6 vsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
/ t0 o) V" M$ L e7 |3 F" ?end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
( Y5 e8 f$ j" d6 G; g+ jcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 Q5 l- T5 Z5 V/ Vthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
2 q! z: j# ~" O* h+ j9 K4 `+ x( [3 C6 E2 |% }( a# E
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
/ w6 Y8 _* @' L, i6 @8 p) Kand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
