 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. d8 W D* s8 M& s" |" \
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* q# W! D" N6 D8 ?1 ssyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 ?1 V3 B/ _& J6 H) }and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
# G# @0 C4 e7 G" K: ^+ j9 Y(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of8 f' k3 p3 ^; j8 p, J
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ z, p# l( X- fA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=/ J/ A6 s! `! w
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]6 X* O- u& y& y
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving, m8 N/ E3 A. ]2 C* B
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on6 L3 ?4 }. j, B2 w/ C1 x$ N
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset0 h% r, A2 u# x: ?6 Z
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
% ]+ [- H$ u3 |# P" q: h- g8 S- ]segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a6 a9 m) F* ]% w, D5 t/ {3 ^
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; }' l* Z' z' y8 `/ F7 E- Z/ y; J
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 I h* J& w$ }" L. f$ K' y- o2 s% _
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,$ V/ C9 p9 p+ p7 `! M: m
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..% P$ \; ^: G3 T: J* e! {
& R8 D& w& [( v# J: G4 y(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
* _/ F5 h" p, H9 |# A+ Mand American speakers of English, |
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