 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The' o, N, J5 A# A7 O, U
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
( I6 F9 p6 [2 {6 v k4 V" Dsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
. |+ s: |" J! Z& w) ?/ yand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial& v8 q# d7 R* V" ?( T% h
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of+ B" \+ J" f6 r; V( U d
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
- q; r1 A: a) H2 x" QA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=2 F8 R) k6 D/ S3 U7 m
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]7 M6 s. S1 c' ?5 ?9 `
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving# O: @/ w' _- t$ ~$ c+ O8 i
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
3 O9 y$ [4 D! @ F3 P) q9 bpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 O5 \4 ~' J; R1 x! x
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two% K1 O, c- R0 s6 W9 @$ R
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
$ ^2 j x3 l5 B9 esemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.6 z' D& x: b) o/ T3 m
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In+ Q2 U/ P& f0 D& m& @& O( a \6 I$ L
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
* }+ G! c1 m9 n) R6 Y: y Kthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..4 j3 W; X3 ^; |; j) l/ U* ?
, ~) L: I v( Z(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
) H9 a: d# P6 Y/ s) y; x: Oand American speakers of English, |
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