 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The f* W. X: D3 t( F
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
& p" i% Q/ g% ?1 psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- l: y8 B+ _6 x
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial/ ?4 m/ i* \0 K% T8 p
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 A. {: I6 v- }) Qretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
i2 `: n9 I! ?6 p1 V1 G) iA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=$ {# V/ u q% n& q% j* V
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
# `! `) I# w' _, ^6 [/ _3 C(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
( `. S. w' x/ v) bretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on. D9 Z" O; z: S' ~& A$ u' v
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
" W0 H4 I- b& I# E(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
5 h" S3 L; \1 g/ I9 ^segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
5 \9 e2 \$ e; c+ v7 c; j' ]semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
& D+ C" J5 H/ Tend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In4 _8 B! O! r9 T
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,5 L! e# k) Y% Z; U: b$ r+ T
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..& g" `) U' L3 r% B8 }
" d# T, e- \& s1 V% L
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)# D% \/ [% i9 @
and American speakers of English, |
|