 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The1 D3 k# M1 s7 c
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the, B6 [$ z7 x0 i# [5 @
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,% V' @1 T' I+ B& B0 k
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
1 j3 _3 G! x4 x(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
, G8 m( G- I* x8 }retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
1 t1 G# s8 T8 w5 eA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=2 | R3 R _ s+ y0 m6 K! U
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
$ v; G+ k! y& |% v! {$ O- I/ P4 _& D(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
8 e2 k4 M/ c6 ?, Pretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ q. g, }& N8 Gpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
& V0 c3 [! P# \+ v8 d0 {$ V(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two8 O2 e, ?$ e2 s9 Y8 q5 o$ s9 N
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a* \$ K; D, m( r9 j5 `. B
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
: O: l4 l" e- Z1 U& k9 }end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
1 B7 J$ i9 W8 X- }+ hcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
, ?1 S4 ~; N; [# {the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..! k5 t4 w8 R6 i2 A
) @2 l1 F; ^2 Q) Q2 D) G* B(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
: y7 J2 W2 W9 W F/ `4 }and American speakers of English, |
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