 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
/ @# e: d" z8 [: gInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, ^- @# u* j% K" G, s! d G! [syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,; M. E" S# O* @% ]" k* E
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial" P: W: N: B# Q, S: O. |2 e' B: m
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of. @2 R* M" Y: ]
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
4 U8 R$ k( i1 h% f9 ?+ l/ mA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=0 j& a K, e3 r) e% x
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]! h( g- m3 Z6 [' l" h) |5 ~
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
G* o# |( m- q+ U) kretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on$ b7 e9 |/ r0 a- j
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset; H8 A! D1 k# k; N$ o
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
5 Q( V4 V0 f4 R( b5 V' L$ Wsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 B0 Z3 G" G3 |5 }semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.2 ]( _6 N4 R2 Q- K
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
4 H" y8 q4 [( u, p$ ?( c* Mcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element, G6 j+ C. P" X6 K3 w R
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
. C! e- m6 j9 W" d" f2 u# E
/ T1 [1 x+ s8 Q0 @% O(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)5 l) e3 w) S0 F. u+ Z
and American speakers of English, |
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