 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The, \; F' `( M6 P4 q) H
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
% J1 F, }2 k( {# x Q- Rsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
" w6 i! f$ _7 N8 I2 t8 Iand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
# R; t3 y& h; o* @3 ](or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of. F0 `, Q: z e3 T0 z. M7 b
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
$ d9 _6 O- O1 v, }/ T. {A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
' k* S8 j( R; S$ u. {7 I[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]/ |/ H2 b/ G2 [# W
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) Y: c; k' M! k- ]# V! ?& Z
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on: U- ]% @- T( N
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset) \7 @: m1 J# Q0 }) J
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
3 O O5 E# x% q- tsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
9 ?% L. A% C& r7 j. ^) I: m8 Nsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.8 ^' @1 h' z5 w# J$ |; y/ R* p
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
\. v/ |+ x8 l, r% i" m1 Q- Hcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
2 z5 F" `$ {) Q' Q8 y7 ethe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla../ F( X. r! C3 a' Y( H. }
4 Y' w W s/ c# {; L(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch) o- e$ x/ ?# d. { ^
and American speakers of English, |
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