 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The, C$ K( I- Z* t0 Q( | R. b$ Z
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* f6 b- D9 @2 b2 {syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
/ u; G: h2 e7 z. [and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
) i/ m" p' U- L" C2 B$ }' K) ]* p- }(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 U) D' q8 U+ e& }( L, p- D( i
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).3 ^' o" w9 o6 n! Q, P
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
* W, ~& A! e8 y" _! `$ I[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]/ r/ c6 h4 _6 G& s* {- T
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving7 n$ }; `. h5 c: f N) x
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
_" Q0 d% v! |" N6 xpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
$ q: |- Q( U' ^7 s, K7 ~, t0 V(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
& P: N0 n, B, i; K! ?8 ?segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, I- t e a' e& O! w5 d; U7 }' ssemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
9 t7 s0 ^: `) [( iend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
3 p _6 S2 A4 D E! @; ~& |compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,- n5 f+ E$ R& X7 U+ c0 q
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..2 {7 _- m- F% H. O
5 c. G4 y, }- g6 C6 E(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)" _* V' W$ U! G: u- k
and American speakers of English, |
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