 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, M+ a) }+ T0 X0 K3 UInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
: r2 z% s3 i t }3 c3 Tsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
O6 S: t' C8 C4 |, `* f8 Z% yand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial/ Q+ a8 K% U# G+ l! i( _
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of" w% m& h% H" l+ H! R+ n, B8 h0 v+ m
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)./ o- C5 [& L2 j4 N& I- C9 V2 q
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
/ W/ j" t; M& ?1 O2 J' a0 `[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
' W2 U& a2 u* L- h4 I(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving u/ x& n0 B( N& E5 m
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
h6 q& p3 u; ~9 K% B3 @possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset' f8 y& K0 q" ^$ j6 {. x
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
5 t7 r1 J! o/ q% s c* X% z* Y4 e; ksegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
8 K+ B! @" V' X/ ~: _semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
, S) Z: }" C( gend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
1 k" W! {+ }5 k) W/ g7 Z1 Hcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
( ?" _& ^7 P0 {' [" d0 ^4 G- ~0 Tthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." U4 x% z, D7 K N" w9 L
8 D# e H) l/ k/ j+ ^$ s/ D
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
( ~9 n; A3 P1 ?and American speakers of English, |
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