 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The* A. v6 W* B# Z% @! d
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the" S- M2 Q+ u9 u* r
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
- _) l: }; P& Y) l& O& L5 Iand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial. Z: Q5 @/ N5 w0 F, @/ K1 [% z6 S
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
1 d J' k. _. D* wretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).! s; v7 x8 B S2 C7 G3 e! ^% Z8 S
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
* A5 J# @/ A/ n: C d5 [[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]# F# t B5 r8 D
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
- _7 m# h8 u [" c8 o& ^8 ^retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
2 p& w& ]* |4 k2 r7 a7 Z$ I C# ipossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
`5 u' k: Q, e5 u, [% N3 n, e7 [(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two1 L( f. m3 Y; {6 q
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a8 x' U: ?! i& q0 d J i- g
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
) z1 ^8 I; U$ m# Cend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In1 K- D7 k5 E8 a4 Z e
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,( e8 ?( _ Z+ F9 A
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..; ]7 \& A: y8 e
6 O+ x3 ^: i; u6 E# }+ U5 d8 u% |(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
/ i0 {) F+ d5 k( yand American speakers of English, |
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