 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
& O4 E7 i2 [: G' X2 C% }Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the: Q5 D# X7 q' v" K9 P
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
* }+ N4 V3 t; h8 }4 M$ v6 nand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial3 {. n3 |- F4 y6 j; s
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of% l" V) D' \" E Q- H
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. X, ^, Q" g$ k/ T. `A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=6 z6 x' D" Q0 y" x
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]4 Z4 [: r+ B; S7 S
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving8 e8 j$ F4 L7 \
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on6 B* \1 V7 d% d$ v# I% }8 T
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
; v8 ]1 m1 x3 t& |( `" M(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 R6 e! Y+ @* V3 H8 ~3 T) bsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a2 D& k( J5 n1 i. o& R- J# n. @
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 \" `7 f2 z$ B) D3 H2 `end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In5 `! d- y& m( X0 C0 x
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
: a' h$ g* \3 ~, i" w! U* i4 Mthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
% Y" _4 Z/ ~+ B2 \8 q7 u0 @8 ^+ j
/ m& B" q( N! s1 \8 J(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)+ A5 B! \& Y1 z N, z
and American speakers of English, |
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