 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
( A; Z: e* N. j3 x1 x, y5 UInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* L$ d1 ^3 s) L5 \: Csyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,, h4 D6 V6 J5 \9 D5 b! ]5 C1 c
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, x5 s( M6 d& C L" x(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of: a) P8 Y% n+ z5 {6 X( i+ C2 o! c
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).& t8 c; M3 y, e0 K
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=7 Z; _( Q1 R: \# d+ x5 Y. D3 d
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 @! f* u4 C* k$ {(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving' n9 m9 J, Q+ k' _
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
% J/ ?+ n V- g5 U4 {& Gpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset$ y+ ]6 M! _ c
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two- B5 M9 Q% M# z9 L) E, C$ H" D
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a6 I& Q6 p2 N6 }* q+ e# e8 P. ^
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.- I$ H$ M) T: e" l5 u
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In3 f2 z9 P" ~. S8 N9 X. d$ d1 j
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
+ `& ~- p5 k+ D8 D; dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..8 i% P4 I7 q8 d* W( c1 k+ s; ? T3 L
* |) X& [% U; Q w6 ?
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
, v8 C0 E2 ^( L! X0 Q5 Jand American speakers of English, |
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