 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The9 b; m! ~! |8 U/ v6 j
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
9 I' i9 h" N0 R* s, L. hsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
# Z ~( l, G; n* u, b0 D5 Land uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
7 }1 v6 [1 m. q" D(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
6 F) r5 L( D: a$ y& }retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).% I% J: ~* U8 E. N8 Y
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
, P6 d3 W5 X8 c' I! W/ x$ y8 g[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 d: ?! `! b! j4 R- g. \. n) R% |(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
2 v4 a3 i6 O' e: y$ ]" Cretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
1 M3 \+ ?4 y8 q9 G8 M# }- k! Zpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
/ ?1 [, t5 q, a7 i- q+ J: \(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two% I. Z" w6 p! Y- Z3 F* k2 [3 ?1 l
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a" X7 V* ?2 Q. n }0 B( _& N
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
! T4 M/ m6 W" Y; d/ L2 pend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
5 s/ F& D- }" Y" v/ @$ q) w( Hcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,- F5 i$ l' A' D% P$ X
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
& H n3 T. x5 `) p) G- |! A" I) k. t c. z
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
$ r! t% U1 e" N$ I/ ~and American speakers of English, |
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