 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. s, W5 D7 S2 ~9 o( F7 w
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
0 e C W4 T. Ysyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
- [3 o4 m' W6 v$ m; \2 B# u. yand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial G0 B" r' `: p1 u
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
9 q0 J) m/ g& \; X& S& w" wretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: ^( x! }6 M" m% j9 P- J$ \A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=8 h, u; e' x' u% u. `' R* T1 I; x
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
% c, `5 ~' R# b. x/ v(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving* M: S$ E/ b* L& B; f. a0 A' j. B
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
' u. G1 g6 x, |, Ipossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset9 R* S6 T# K" w }4 R- J
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
- w' c9 K" N l ~0 H7 csegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a3 A U- g+ l' u/ e( t$ j4 @$ Y
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.: s& M- p0 c8 L& k5 D5 d
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In0 y/ K7 q `2 t7 s. N ]( ~" |/ z, K
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
3 k6 v6 K! z& h; w' Y. f4 uthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..# I+ a" t2 t$ x" s- }- G
, [6 K4 N2 ]: N(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
/ V8 _) _, s! M4 ]and American speakers of English, |
|