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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The; T1 F0 r& j4 d- p; g7 N5 C' N; A1 k/ n
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
8 W9 K# x% g/ Ysyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
7 C: `9 Y3 }: {1 M5 {/ {9 ^4 e( pand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial" ^0 E! h o9 \: Q
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of" t% [8 p/ \% H6 J; I6 H2 Q2 I9 o
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)." d9 z3 A" M- f! s8 @% d
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
& N) I8 D+ i2 r1 P# s[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
& N* K, L3 X' W& H(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
2 O; v& m: C3 [) f8 \7 cretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
2 [5 I z; J7 d6 t+ m% ]% }; spossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset& k$ r9 g, @9 ]- e8 C# i: t1 H( j
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
% m7 ?% f7 ^/ m/ u2 U8 Nsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 ?0 K, E, x S8 M# M( t/ z" F
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.: c( B' Z; G- v, ]1 a: n N
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
8 W4 G7 G0 _& R( a* w" pcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
2 E7 S; T6 k* g5 W* S& a# }the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla... F' j- l% u2 h6 o& ~: _
" ]8 ~$ c4 m8 A5 [- g3 z, L+ x) S) D
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)( k* N# M6 t" P# m, ?. ~: N2 S6 F8 x+ T
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
