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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
# g4 w$ c' Y" ~( w& n6 g# AInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ M2 ]; k! X4 u2 m8 t
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
, t: K p8 `5 W+ Tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, G. j, v. F& P. u+ d) [3 E/ [(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of* z7 b( q7 \8 I6 w- l
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
* }8 K+ ^- e4 {. z" A% Y/ C3 ]A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
$ n6 A2 X# M( Z" [2 B$ M; X[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
' ~% z0 g3 z/ @' L9 f* n- h' f! D(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
o8 C) z& A7 v: {7 Qretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on$ S- c v: ^7 u* a2 |7 P
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset# K+ O$ |% B' o( B! G7 n
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two2 k0 u R5 _# e0 P
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a, Q8 Y4 }: ^% T% X! c9 T
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
. B* [6 D" G5 ~( A% vend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
. ?$ c- A$ P& B) h2 z, `& Kcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
' B3 p; x" u/ f2 w5 [the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
# E. }& O+ `, _% q( u- i. W/ L t* I% U3 t$ Y$ K# W" R9 v: Y
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)! L# I* ~: Z2 I* E; T6 `5 d
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
