 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
3 ~2 `' D/ F& _2 x: T4 ?) T9 IInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the! Q# h Z1 P7 r
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,, S) d' y& |+ n' G1 x
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial3 x8 r$ K+ X1 D; N+ T$ S9 z
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of+ p6 R8 X% b5 j! N/ _2 n; p* N$ Z
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ k# t8 X2 ^% H9 YA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 H m: _4 e; @5 a1 c[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”], w+ Y% e7 [, W6 M, V R5 g
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
5 J/ @$ A6 C2 u& nretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on; r; |5 W9 \0 h) w2 Y' N
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 D0 f/ [3 ]; t5 `7 K2 |$ M
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
6 m/ f$ Z7 j# Ksegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
) K; y: i R+ \* N$ nsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e./ q+ K4 o0 z N$ w# N" w2 C7 A
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In B5 J" ^) k$ Q4 o
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& A* H5 q# h; F. d
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." Q+ ^. P; n# q! h: w' W6 a* @
) b' ], J H! R) M) [% e9 I! i(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)/ k4 S0 @3 w8 ? `$ u9 g! ~6 ~2 @8 M
and American speakers of English, |
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