 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The8 e9 L6 ?$ P7 L* i" X3 z, s, z
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the" H2 [- T9 a; M& j' n! Y& x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,9 r. j; j# j3 t+ D- z
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial: J4 u" U" ~1 v# M
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of ]3 U8 U8 B( [- Q. H" T# v
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).$ M& [( ?3 a; _& p8 Y1 X$ |
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=. l& k7 g; B m# E' ~: V7 ?- q0 y# S
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
/ W% [. @, w1 {; e7 W) [4 H(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
! c# s8 M. c, a/ k5 g* sretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
4 B: H2 E3 V+ O+ ^, O3 Vpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- c, m+ s7 Q& z/ M# X
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 G. t9 |$ t9 {, z. b' Fsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
. ?6 S9 C% R0 p9 n- x5 asemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.. m, ^+ V+ s& |; y/ O& V- B( B
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In9 h# l7 A* s% W3 L9 x* ~5 n4 ?3 M$ M
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
^1 c' f. { @7 R/ Y8 ethe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." b4 `: h% c$ D2 B( {1 k& G8 T \
- [3 ` {' l: A% |* {' `
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
) s+ S3 m. g0 n% t! M" Z% i) S* Tand American speakers of English, |
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