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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
% q/ z" [6 T( l5 D* A EInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
: X% w5 E" s- C0 |( _% Fsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,+ i/ _, H. n6 ^0 `- g1 D
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial% g- \+ b; @0 X+ r7 c$ l. u
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
; h+ w5 c3 x0 R @4 t: i$ nretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. ~7 ~+ v+ w4 o! o R0 \; d+ a: {A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
9 t1 `& K# N; O0 d) F: m5 c0 z: B4 C[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]/ k: i. Z! ]) I) }0 J4 `* M
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
) \2 P/ f: E- U; {/ ^) Vretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on, O$ ~0 O6 R! @/ C6 H9 n4 q
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) B1 s% e; b% K% x9 X3 D2 x# b: K(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
9 q8 [% j# V& {segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a9 F" M- N7 Q" r+ r6 T) b
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 Q" u$ t% @( Kend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In+ A ~7 Q$ g) K# g7 v3 p- r
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,4 v7 ?( ?) I$ N
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
* N1 h7 G: `' B- T7 x
- l) a; R* V2 C(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)4 S7 j; O: W- F" O! {
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
