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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The; a" o* G8 y g- z- j1 z8 j
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* J4 _1 U5 J! `+ ?/ I0 [/ psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,. Q( W( v/ ^- ` s
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial- e9 H" r. a( y: m! Q' k; i: {0 w
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
* C4 I- |& ~! |$ }: ?5 R# Aretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).' ~% L" b4 V8 k0 x5 K
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 ]5 S5 D9 a9 V3 z[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 z$ i2 x% L6 I s4 C7 k; }; V) v(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving& h4 F0 K0 h+ o4 A" }5 N
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
4 B6 K, G D, }8 }2 B" W" ipossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset) M& K1 Y/ f& x2 \
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
6 M3 ]$ K) V4 J$ D6 j5 l# _segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a0 o/ l# E0 G) {8 T+ n8 K. J8 I7 N
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
6 [/ A9 u( |9 k6 {3 b1 P2 qend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In6 m# d* S, z' x' ?/ D7 j [) q, Q1 U
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
- ~' ?4 x% d2 s0 u, L7 o6 {5 othe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..1 Z, e" V% T( w+ i8 F
: u5 N P1 @0 X
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)% b; X" ^8 J+ z8 {, D' R
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
