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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
_, P& y0 E0 s* x, ?( z% m/ j/ m7 _Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
8 i T9 W( g5 a, j+ ksyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,3 b9 u+ D k* N p7 }1 V, X
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial; g# x$ W+ c: a; v' C
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
* s& q: h' ?4 M7 P' R7 Hretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
7 Z; D$ H J+ k# G0 Q* t& b- kA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
, o ]5 u/ S- t/ R% J/ o- ^[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
. i5 V$ A$ E+ Q(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving" n" U' o4 Q3 F1 Q' Y
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on. f7 ^7 e5 {8 p: a% T* e
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset# v, `( f5 l! n% e# {
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
1 u0 Y7 x. Q1 E) Tsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- }3 V& Y2 l5 i$ [8 h
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 [* j$ J/ ~' \
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
9 f" A/ z# [( m# f l/ r9 {9 h. C/ ?( wcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 ?. ^6 j: G* Jthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
; R1 s6 i" n1 ^9 O- [5 C0 w! Y8 e& f! {0 f5 c; n+ a
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
: K# {# U" m5 V# T, \3 F/ R! g. zand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
