 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The% T( K7 M, M! T# y
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ Y7 x& A; w/ J1 @- tsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
9 |6 l3 _: C% M3 sand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial' a3 c/ ~5 W7 m0 P; Y
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
7 D1 s8 ?, u+ ]- \* }! J) p Oretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).3 Z$ O+ h% u4 C" A( K! m- T
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
. Z; D/ q$ {4 U Y2 x: }[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
: j/ @' {- \6 x( O! D- c; D& @0 `(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving% E1 P: i6 [2 \5 ^' J/ a
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on$ L' Q/ h3 Z5 a# ~; [
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
! D5 z9 Y& _& @; g. V(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 Z1 ^7 m; e0 x, X2 Zsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a6 P$ U( I2 d7 ~6 w9 A7 C0 N1 t
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 h' a2 B! T; E( k, V% bend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In$ i X! z7 A" [& V/ ]
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
7 P. V' r8 x0 Hthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..0 S' C- J& }- E" `) |$ F, z: X
- m. ]5 M6 T1 N9 F1 B4 O
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ I1 ?! q6 H' d! A* rand American speakers of English, |
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