 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
+ _; S) D b7 uInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
6 ^3 I! b0 G" x9 n/ E; P5 ^- b: Hsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
6 i) l5 {7 `3 R9 a& y4 Land uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
+ y$ n/ u! l0 t6 V(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of! d1 M" z1 b+ Q7 ?$ ^) ~" y4 p/ m
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).' e( S* M' I5 B7 S* g; F
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=) }: I! H7 E: }* m: Q* m
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 y: F o/ ~* R(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
7 m& t) e; O/ `7 Q# G- a0 T7 }. a. T% qretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ F/ p' a% l# f1 C) t- `: Mpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset1 H4 L2 N- V9 u U% M* y
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
1 ]; D! H6 ?# W+ Lsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a, ^# Z* [5 u. ^( W
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 L/ b/ ^3 L l7 K) ~% a* d4 x' ~
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In3 _) q B. a( G5 `. N' m5 t; x
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
6 u$ v! S9 z: h7 G, lthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla... H m: q, r6 S& l; j
( M7 A0 m, P9 _$ ~/ ?: V2 b(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
1 m: q7 r k) L( L) d9 _and American speakers of English, |
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