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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The+ X! l% z4 m3 f% y: k# [) \4 c8 `
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the6 N: m b; `0 e" j) U) O) y
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
2 m+ g* H4 M( ^7 X- |and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial) B- Q' w0 }" r M
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
6 S- \4 G- d2 Y7 {5 M6 ]3 R' aretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
, g0 e5 v( G, T0 r+ {5 W mA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=/ l. R- _+ U: N% Y& Q' `
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]& q# h2 Z( r, C3 B t
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
2 O5 ]" p& E* kretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on4 ]8 e; b) ]( t8 O8 {2 a
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- X4 M8 t2 Z: T4 t6 M2 o' V* J! I
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two$ U L- ]5 u0 v1 Q4 F; R
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
; K" B, Q' P4 i( csemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.6 O# y: \7 {+ a. d6 o5 z
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
6 C9 P/ x( \8 Mcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
) d- _. z: i {. Z5 n2 Zthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..) J( @6 V& S8 r6 Z: p4 ]% L8 ^7 K
9 T4 }) `! [1 G. ^! s* b5 z
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
0 f. _$ l+ l4 ]! D$ K4 |and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
