 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The) z( v! W% U# [% h+ ~/ x+ _
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
" a% H% Z8 ]4 v7 c7 ^& S1 usyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,1 B/ W9 P+ o% S1 i# L8 W" [
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
6 p ~: ]* C8 D, ` Z(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
9 _! [9 ^+ Z8 q' q& O$ B _( ^2 b2 I* kretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).! s6 A- Z7 Q* t) l5 K
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
7 T1 {/ U% f( S2 M[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]- {9 n7 p$ J) L
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving6 X: P- s1 y' @ D
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
7 Q; ]8 m4 s: f& a6 R, |possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 }6 g+ O2 G1 j. P8 A
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
) W! m- E5 K7 B) u$ V; Q! J$ }segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a/ H( m% k3 B1 c$ c5 Q
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
- `, D0 Q3 u5 M+ Q9 Cend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
" R: B) C5 l: Kcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
. j7 \& F2 w4 b7 Z: uthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
; i, L2 ?% N( i! B& b7 r. r" i& ~! _
" t$ q8 S( I4 @0 d9 ~5 w(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
' Q9 t1 S% Z7 D/ Y& Q8 y7 X9 kand American speakers of English, |
|