 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
7 p) `1 u* G: S0 O1 t9 MInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
y$ T& y9 v6 `6 N, Bsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,$ m% {* V( Q4 x. c! o# o* W _* N
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial% b8 y0 ]/ K2 x' g2 Z) t
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
5 _1 n5 ~# z' l( u" W J" s6 Qretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
U. P( X8 c& v( D, {3 ~A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: ?5 U! E$ D; X" |[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]6 y6 y+ w# E+ T2 J; Y
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
! ]+ t! o* Y# g6 A" u8 [retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on! E- ]6 A6 c( |: K# w
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset2 c; q% Q! Y' k4 j. H
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
" r8 b! v9 P. u9 u- Fsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a5 p7 S0 A5 f8 B; K* N7 z
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.) e2 h6 u. T) ?; P) a
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
: K$ |7 _/ O9 H) `compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,- K" Y& C" r- V9 p
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
; c F: U6 Q- `) G1 a0 s
- j0 v1 w6 C) p(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)! i4 u4 ?5 x3 @1 w" h% f4 M
and American speakers of English, |
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