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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The7 S/ w3 h5 {% j+ L8 A4 W5 @: ?7 l* p1 t; J
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
) M9 `; y- J6 j! nsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
, f% S6 z, f* B A8 `/ Aand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
' m8 i4 G1 G$ T- T$ S9 w/ i9 ]. `8 L(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
- W7 ?$ e& Y! K, g7 mretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
N" z# f3 M$ JA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
" H1 p( x% W% Y4 f. g( _5 E[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]1 y2 y- M0 I9 c* q. X4 l
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving0 z+ T9 l L: O2 u- ^+ m; e
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on! g& E2 K" u4 ^9 K r5 ~5 G
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
' @! Q7 W" |/ q) j+ j: d$ `; L1 D(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
% ~, F& H" S8 j" Msegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
3 {- `4 D9 w ~ _2 psemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
+ i+ n! H$ U% o1 a# L8 @" _end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
+ J: z2 U! b9 t- C6 O, qcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
: C1 }7 Q9 y y2 ^the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..7 J- J' W4 m4 T5 V" w1 Q/ @
! D' `8 [: ~9 F0 r$ p% c2 m
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
. I% O1 N- ^% y1 \8 C. band American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
