 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The6 H, c; ?6 d9 [! ^1 q
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the5 Y/ c# c5 S0 s" r3 A) E
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,. ^4 i3 x, w) @6 @
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
+ z" _; D1 s3 v) Z, [: ~/ V: Y3 @: i(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) {% i& b! g5 s" p& a# m
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
L7 p3 V# y0 l, S& l8 X1 IA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
/ ]- J- S6 u$ a T$ G1 W/ S) s$ N6 S[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]8 d2 h* |' n/ Z
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
; \4 U( S. }# D0 Y6 Lretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
! f; I) V: F; V2 Z! @possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) \7 j5 ?2 v: A) k! D' s) O; _& k(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
1 \/ n! \- |! F5 S: Ysegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a/ u0 ]7 e1 _' X" y
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 w7 k8 a7 O( ]3 F5 [7 M" e) iend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
+ H% g& h1 J9 {$ M9 c8 ?6 c/ |* ^compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,) d1 s7 ]' r6 ?
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
6 U3 \0 z7 z7 g J# x8 _
- e& x0 @, j0 i1 z' E6 ~5 P0 t4 c(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)6 l: w* M. ^$ X2 M
and American speakers of English, |
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