 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The: |3 b2 \6 e2 b" h( m1 j( R. m
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
" U: x; @( M9 o9 S) U2 Tsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,6 S2 K1 g6 n* V2 K
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial* L& u) M2 D, g3 y- s
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
* F" r& Y6 H S) j1 `% o% eretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: ?; [. w" U; \" RA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=* c! F9 f1 _. C7 U% F
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
& @ _$ I, x! F7 ?$ q(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
% I. S, ^3 L9 P; ?& zretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on( e8 i& U R/ t2 L# z
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
- O: N9 b5 r }" @$ I; r9 {5 e(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two* R$ d/ t% Q. |, z7 ^" R" z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
8 |2 M! U# A; j$ ?3 tsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
0 B% D- Q) e: d* b0 X3 Rend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
, W- O* u+ U! ?6 g( Tcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 Y# k" ~, d9 ], S9 k, nthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..; F$ i7 N1 e. X; l: o0 U
a: K+ N2 b/ }& Q4 |& `(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)% h5 s0 c* i, l( @
and American speakers of English, |
|