 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. x6 C6 u' K9 ?2 D0 z
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ i4 [- l s; `9 U3 p% Q, {syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
) I/ ?" J( j, Qand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial% f, u2 f0 w6 F5 F* g! _
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of% Q, G. H1 Z. |+ B6 t7 e( q) U, p
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).+ i; J/ L- E _8 f! L
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=% @# z/ u+ e& Z7 v
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]/ D" f2 t! \$ C9 J$ a5 @3 j
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving& {/ D, |4 ~ o6 _% m
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
/ z& D% F$ U w2 f2 npossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset) H7 Y7 i- N7 B5 D0 n+ ?# ^" |# J6 K
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two: H( @) M; K4 y5 k3 r: A
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
4 R7 C1 `. U& h$ Z& Q* S5 j+ t# k8 tsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
) E! E& G( L( Z. ?3 G9 @end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
q& ?1 M- ~# _& R$ acompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
6 S, n) _4 d# t+ O7 pthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..7 d, s3 M( k' S+ p* S
( k% H2 [' P {" ^/ N$ ~) L
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
; a1 W2 O6 F* T+ Tand American speakers of English, |
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