 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
+ F8 K7 X% K4 f) I& xInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the: S. I% a6 I; Q3 v$ L
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,0 @1 [/ [& Y m4 d
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial' g$ }$ b6 Q% d& Y8 e
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
. q7 Z3 c/ X5 D$ p; Hretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
- p5 y1 L) f# G8 x- a2 q, jA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 S4 z; x2 L4 ]+ K( C[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
+ S0 F1 ~3 E! j6 d$ F8 i(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
1 x5 H& D) W! ?" g6 Y3 Uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
1 v+ W3 K" g3 kpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
. Y5 \, ^7 V0 j(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two3 l. ^5 \$ I. S
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
+ `3 g c9 T7 c+ g' J( e6 K' osemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e./ N }: i( M# s% N3 \+ l- Z
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In$ [$ \& b4 @; A9 I- q' C( E0 S) A
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
: P# V; \' m2 ~6 a! h1 q5 C0 f" j9 Kthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
) T) e9 ?8 ~$ B0 \) N
) Y4 l/ D- }- k! I! O0 j1 }(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
9 g' c. q3 O e8 j) dand American speakers of English, |
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