 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The9 Q. }8 d$ ?9 r' X' t, ? K
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the; C+ f8 }, Q/ q8 C
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
8 ^) N! w6 g7 V: k* a. _# S% oand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial: n. Q4 Z, @1 Q7 c1 e, m
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of$ E, v& ~: x5 \; g; |4 g
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
3 P8 _+ e' W3 d* }) y: B# eA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=7 g0 H. x2 l3 T: g6 L# {9 }7 k
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
7 o2 A% a& z# v. w/ d& F n(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
- Y5 q2 X2 l8 j* _; s7 Mretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on* G% C! B3 y4 n$ T
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
- ?9 k4 S* T. S$ c9 K _(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 g& n* P1 L" e* i d2 Zsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a4 c- o: v' S% s6 `7 a: C3 v( u2 g
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
; t. f! h$ U" z1 [- i6 _9 Mend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In7 f2 P; \4 Y7 \- f: C t! f2 l
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,3 N, `1 T! i% G8 ^& v: u" m% Z
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
5 ^( ]7 F. ?5 k( V; u* E4 Q' q; h1 k$ S- u
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch) D0 m r0 G. H/ A2 E0 o, ?/ G
and American speakers of English, |
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