 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
* N; \, n" ` E0 U, k, u. NInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the- w2 ?4 _3 N+ ~# m& Q" i$ z4 [/ R8 [
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,5 g( u W1 w! q9 S4 M* s3 v, Z" x' {
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial1 I/ g" [0 v5 ^1 z* ?8 h7 y, r
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
: Z0 m7 R; m2 W o8 bretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
+ M3 C# j+ C5 M* a" p, ~A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
6 x" d1 H- F* X( X0 g[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]) w( O7 [5 }# O" h1 R
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving: q& m, _+ {9 _1 a
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on& R4 Y$ q4 O( ]) a
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
r1 n2 M t9 s( [. z) t7 n! C(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 M% l4 B$ M/ x2 M. u7 psegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- A/ v" {- s: D# R3 L
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 R. c* }4 v% send with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
: ^7 V3 f3 \6 \: H7 f* T# K5 j/ Mcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,: p F4 ^5 D, V+ _8 \( f k
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 t* \: T. ~; h# m' G& F! X- s, M0 X8 B9 T5 T8 ?, _% q
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
6 D4 ~* Y1 h& c2 S! T5 F$ z4 kand American speakers of English, |
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