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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The, }/ T; F3 u ` [+ H4 e. Z
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the( H/ X% w/ m5 b$ `$ v$ }- A' g3 C$ M
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,7 r$ I) F% _' ]! A) V1 n1 H, d- ?
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
4 t- I8 F8 J/ D7 K9 k(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of: x$ o/ X& H& A* {
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)." t# h% H ?# `' i3 A, c! C8 B& {; B2 b
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
9 W8 {0 T/ W* M9 Y( y0 c[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
) x/ A& |. Q- i3 T(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
" H7 x+ g$ t, w7 P) |$ s8 Iretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on, q2 }, u' `! Q/ T
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset5 m( \4 }# h; W& j: Q
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two9 H! A" h' u4 B& a0 s
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 A0 L5 h0 y: y$ U
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.: [( ^! \ j0 f5 C4 T: {3 c: t
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
) h. E, G2 c( k5 o( v4 tcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
' K) V. i% h0 s6 _the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..6 L p* i$ q: \& A5 Q. R
* ~4 B& G( N& N; L$ N
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
; v4 s q% J& u5 c, d4 oand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
