 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The; ^' u! x* V' v# x8 L* v
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
' ]7 A, N1 D& d7 O7 Dsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,1 ~! _1 F4 k! u/ N) [# W
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, ^8 L3 P% `# l& l- G(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
# {9 |, E0 \, }5 | R5 L Iretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).. v7 }" H# ?- L4 e0 Y
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
4 a+ q4 t. j0 I" g5 a[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]2 N$ o8 k6 l3 a" \! O* o1 I3 Z
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving8 l4 o9 h$ S. B" ?9 C6 y+ |7 m5 x& v) |
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on% [( o* H8 Q/ z+ b7 T$ B' Y
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset9 }, a5 u9 i4 f( ^
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 j9 g/ U& P& [- ?5 x, ]8 ]segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a, f `+ ?$ A$ P6 X, X
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.$ q$ o P7 h& b' h# R0 R7 @
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
, W" l5 D4 u* C9 u6 r7 i+ \( X3 Fcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,7 r) |, L% v* ~. b: @* n
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
9 z! u) u7 _5 u, F* m
8 V/ I- v& w2 Q/ h) f9 E& q& _- u(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
1 w7 C/ X+ g3 z6 j" pand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
