 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
+ g, ~, i2 W/ L; }Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ P& w$ M1 g r: q4 U# a( csyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
3 [. V; f M0 M- v, Uand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial: j) [3 V) I) s
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
7 z& ?- _, g# x6 s+ h8 ?retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
; o7 }4 ~) w& w; g* K8 YA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=1 I& ^; x* _* [
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
: z! B9 }. S& o0 l; N(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
3 X2 K% F' E' l' x, x A4 _( dretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
) B( t' w! y7 O0 G0 z1 e4 _possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
1 J' k: I$ P( x* H(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
9 Q0 |" S: m M, ~8 isegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
7 C2 |9 o, U1 n9 n5 R# m, Osemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
$ ^1 N* _8 L3 N; d3 C8 oend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In3 q o, n$ N- x0 e
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
- b. o' p9 q, zthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
* I. D3 ~7 n% l+ Z p& r6 W0 a
* z% ^" ]" O0 a3 H7 ^( H* U5 N(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ s" g! x$ V& t: g
and American speakers of English, |
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