 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& W! |4 w5 A2 j' N; O
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the6 p5 ~: g' a% J K
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,$ I! x6 I* q5 l9 i7 o; j. K3 D3 ]
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial3 T- \: \% o1 f+ f
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 w) b# E: K4 E D5 `, ?
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
* i8 k! h% N7 X/ w0 iA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 T |4 O7 \4 X[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”], G( L4 a' t6 l1 L
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving; Z d6 ^# ]8 I# E0 v! s
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on3 b( Z% s7 U/ Q$ L/ ~
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
$ j: g9 m8 W$ i2 f" [7 `; z, k/ D/ X(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two/ }9 g0 D, U; T. e: |
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a5 z5 U z# A$ R" S7 O, K. S! z
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
- b) Z* b% `0 g/ O& S1 g7 ?, Yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
3 M8 P: v& n2 j. F' A7 f3 bcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,9 X' q3 o( s8 z. [! ~7 F
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
+ E& {/ p1 r, X, g' B3 I; ^7 C- u( Q& ^5 v. E( ?. |
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
, |/ s9 m# I9 I8 L$ j$ hand American speakers of English, |
|