 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The: M9 F8 d8 ?/ _! m" ~1 W O! s
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
) u0 f0 h3 `3 f7 Osyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,7 A. R$ k, V' W2 g
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
1 E" G# P. D( l0 y7 V) H, X(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
- N0 D1 u& P1 M, l8 |1 \9 Yretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)., q# @; u0 n) C! Z
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=+ O5 i$ f. s/ F
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 h' `+ _( I* Q6 ?(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
% c2 |0 {/ p; \" rretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on& F- |9 M$ z& W# w& N
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
7 u8 }3 i$ f+ t. _4 l* K(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
+ N# R6 U0 J3 P' I2 |segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
$ o. S9 s; o, c7 [semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
7 Y- [5 ], ?- x9 ^7 P7 wend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In' N: Q K* w' c- N/ ?) O! C
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
: |2 g/ J' H6 athe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla../ x- ^$ F# {4 M/ z8 ~. ?: D
$ {, X; R: d3 B( g$ b(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
6 d$ V& M& _4 E# Z, Zand American speakers of English, |
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