 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& Q( C2 _) F8 {4 Y- w6 ]
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
" Z# E. q5 k, b. Tsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,& l6 I' h* E( r& O( e9 v# g
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
" k( x! l N3 `' E5 {, j(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
; c4 U8 t, @" P' F- Cretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).! B: Y8 b8 W% t/ L9 V/ O7 w
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=. z' x6 e9 R% R
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]5 k, x3 ~5 N5 m0 O9 [! k2 X
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving: P" d, M$ B7 p( ]3 @2 R
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
! N1 O0 Z8 e# Z/ Z( k! Dpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset! l, [6 k# B, { U3 ?
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two7 q3 N! f) N* |) l
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a2 w5 r k) X, I% a. s2 G M( q/ Y
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.1 _- n/ A; O+ r4 W: b: P: r$ b
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
, N0 B' d! O& }& y/ }; ^* |- h- dcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
) D/ G, Y0 N/ ?2 ethe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 A, \- v3 u* f/ \; n7 i- }2 S3 q* T9 `0 R
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)1 a: U5 ~. X6 p
and American speakers of English, |
|