 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
) n) Q9 w' {$ J! h5 ~Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
- i4 ^3 u, L* i. |" I. wsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
$ j! {. i7 L) l0 R8 qand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial' T9 i+ x7 j, p# r- W
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
9 c' I- j3 U5 O* U% r0 ~( J5 W9 w) c3 mretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
8 B! c# G* w, n. a, t8 @6 YA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=7 \6 f! A3 ]8 `# D4 Y' L* `
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
' |+ K9 y$ h& t/ U! g8 j a z(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
% q8 m) y$ @6 |! }; uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
6 H: q4 }$ }( ?possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
1 ?: y* g) `% T: x6 W: a$ Y2 R; b(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
- q- m1 Y( R7 }( V7 Q/ Q2 _) Ssegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a" |; k; b, g- W6 K5 j6 a( j: T8 V7 W Q! I
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.4 b \+ l- ^* t, o0 W; S$ f* N, \
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 E1 _, x4 Q/ _. t4 R
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
8 i4 ~( Q3 `0 |' n! K. zthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
! M+ U7 u3 }" z7 L) h9 F* E. x
" ^& W z4 D, h% I(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)8 s/ G/ _$ Y4 x! A3 p5 X
and American speakers of English, |
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