 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The$ ]) X; h# N3 m g3 e2 ]' b
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the2 K5 j0 r6 T/ r2 w$ h
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
p8 a2 p. X6 K! N, s( tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial; K% S g" J# F! l6 O5 j
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
% W2 F4 G) `0 l+ m- I Lretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
# a) I, Z5 P& Q ?7 ~) zA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
V$ @. V) z- n- t. h9 S[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]3 ]1 B5 y0 X' A. L; c
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) S2 ?+ O5 |1 N3 ~
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
& j! Q: U6 `. x% F3 rpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
2 N( l3 r- N9 P$ F- Y3 V, V) |(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
8 P" K6 _1 D. @+ Y( msegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a. U+ [, |5 _7 U2 R
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
\9 ^+ f& @% aend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In1 \# \- O# F' `# Y% g
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,' c& m. k% m' T% d# N
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..: ^' `7 J5 S, |! K L( S
$ [& D U# B/ f' y6 r2 U! G l(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)* K O6 d- B+ N# ^& X2 }; z
and American speakers of English, |
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