 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The3 s" d; l2 n3 o# ]6 W& K7 F
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the: M# R' u5 G4 s' T% M/ M* n
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
( g+ H, x. |* \ |9 `6 Y: y$ u1 R5 |and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial8 [2 `3 L6 Q J- E, B; s2 n
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 r- A! r2 L% R9 q1 s7 J# O1 A
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
3 @- s! D8 J% T+ K7 P1 CA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
! a6 s" z. H0 Y8 S[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! g2 q! p# @1 c4 [(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
5 ~% J4 c& o1 a) a1 Vretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on7 n4 M/ k+ d; q/ L
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 Z' c2 n$ D7 M% m; I
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 M B8 t2 k% w' lsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
2 `. S& E, r3 j Zsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.3 {! q! J1 c/ k1 ^- U8 j
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
0 o3 ^; d5 i( P% H- [8 r* Lcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
) [& [2 p7 r) F/ othe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
! R2 G! y ]5 Q
# N) `& ]$ w. o(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
) w4 r* t Z# p5 _4 W+ P- }% U( gand American speakers of English, |
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