 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The/ _0 B% @6 v, K4 @+ w
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
% \$ \+ z; V/ A" i3 I# J0 }syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,* V* r; D8 u. R2 e
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
2 {/ g; O/ ]7 J2 U1 ^(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
) C4 j+ o. `/ s1 Uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
1 M; m- f4 Y+ x/ l2 nA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=: g0 H% B+ P9 v+ j7 i! k) K& w1 O
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
1 V: j! F0 [+ h Z(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
; m$ m. L* ~2 i2 Q- h! w+ |retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
+ \& ~7 u8 ^$ Fpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset. `4 z& I: Q$ h% F. I
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two. ~; Y& V2 W: \- s3 l
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
# |7 x( E7 G* A2 C$ J0 A/ Qsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
" r& o+ Q( _5 B E* ^end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
" ^% o0 [# G0 Acompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,; q, F% ~' _% _" R+ [& u
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
% V% E J1 m4 _% E1 J: i, y ?
1 w x$ l! ^: a(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)9 v7 f1 x7 J" r3 z% f; H
and American speakers of English, |
|