 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
% Q4 g/ D/ s$ x1 d. CInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
0 s5 M; Z* j7 b/ `+ Z7 r: Rsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,+ I+ z' s' Q# ]7 w7 E; w
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial; _$ f6 f! H. ]4 f$ e1 B) M
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
" I; _) i$ a( N2 I- l, ?retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).$ R' o4 A5 R+ [0 e7 ~! q4 Y# T5 M
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=$ ~. ?& K6 r' C+ z0 g
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]) i8 n. z z& t: G
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
# a" \+ p$ f2 s* Yretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on3 H7 Z2 ^6 b9 c/ m
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
: G7 n1 ?- h6 a- S0 o6 L0 J! @(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two/ V. b- _2 g0 X1 C1 c4 X' w2 i# |
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a# m/ X( F1 t" p2 o
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e./ P Z$ ^7 g& G* |! {/ }7 m3 [
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In9 B9 d' V1 E: r; z1 J' \8 ^; {6 j
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
5 r) v9 t0 \" H* Ithe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..* @( m0 K; d3 {/ m$ X1 d
& g* u/ d4 f5 _0 `! Y+ `9 F(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)6 {' w% G0 s: J
and American speakers of English, |
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