 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
" D# `$ C9 k& M* O3 EInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
( g7 I! ], C+ G- Hsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
, w2 F3 o( y1 j5 t8 T. vand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial0 `2 P0 H7 p+ ~+ Z; r8 `4 \
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of2 P& q8 g# v7 Q/ z; v( r$ r
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
2 e. s$ l9 i6 p1 B4 \+ j c4 m6 S7 DA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=0 Q8 E: {4 ~' a8 ^
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]8 W0 c: o( H7 u
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
6 `) C q1 h- Y3 S! u& c' A1 B- Hretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on' p( A2 t: X& s7 U
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset4 r# c$ ?6 `( @5 G+ m6 [
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
8 y0 o5 W4 M9 r5 Zsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a5 m" n) L# D* b8 M& S
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
( j/ O9 V- s% e- h% S, t9 Pend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In% Z, J" B/ j2 {* \
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,4 z: y5 k9 A% ?+ n' T3 l, s- Y5 C
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..0 ]2 E! ^5 e7 v5 a$ s
* L" R6 B2 _0 L- u- { `! g(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)& I6 b0 Z( f: w+ G
and American speakers of English, |
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