 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The+ j" I0 ?1 P8 a9 Z, T
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the2 s! n" ?, c" e9 R- x( }
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,% U* ?" ]: f1 X& j! i* d# n# z8 e3 g
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
$ b5 _/ u; Q6 O- }(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 W: g- D. h; W7 p) Tretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).0 ^ E& g5 l0 x" f
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=) X/ N7 H& r* N. t! |0 L1 g- n
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 W$ r+ R* g. ]8 F5 g5 V(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving2 s3 N8 z+ I- |
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on- n8 G: |' h) p* ]7 N+ K7 u
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset/ y6 e% `; v* u$ z- x/ M" H
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two( v% j2 m3 U" A/ J% Z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a6 l; @7 a3 l2 X3 v
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
/ ~: _3 p7 @+ r6 O% J9 {$ qend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In1 }' Q$ Z; O( ?; |7 K4 ]( o9 A- ?
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,$ n/ Y3 J, c. D+ [: p
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
- a+ E! {* V6 i( X
- S/ z1 g9 e0 `: d% E2 K/ n9 y(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ h1 m$ i5 M. G. k* q, i
and American speakers of English, |
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