 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The; ^' u1 J0 \. g9 `
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the7 Y8 S5 S6 ], A
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,! l2 i. d, N# R+ I' K( p
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! |' I6 N6 g7 ~7 b1 U
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
1 p3 f# |+ J7 p* b3 J3 c/ Bretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).5 G% l) g. W3 F
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: U' Z- u# D$ @1 h# w[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
/ m) f+ A/ C. r, e(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving/ Z* G1 @) N3 g5 K7 }- ^+ t7 ^
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
1 F0 \- O! T7 jpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset& e+ j6 H% H$ q3 [' y8 Z
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
7 o) T# G. ?" {3 A, `segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
^2 _* a9 I0 |! usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
: v7 }. Q0 c" e2 L' cend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In: P6 I1 i5 z0 z8 Y' I9 d# F
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,$ p1 \" ?2 }5 t% e$ I5 K: Z
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..( `1 J' [, p4 G! M; W" q- z
& I# h* } W+ p6 A, W z! q(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)& s/ R% p1 t2 O! `, L* ]2 Z1 e
and American speakers of English, |
|