 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The" y% O; z( P' v# z- E9 N# a: m6 t
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
- ^. k6 \3 S0 \3 K3 [0 f- Y3 Ssyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
2 y2 _6 V! M2 e# C$ uand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. o5 [7 F6 o- Z$ W* K(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
. ? M$ l% A5 r. C; `3 K: Pretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: J4 f- e; E, m; l5 e! |A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
) C# V2 Q9 m+ V) o8 L4 l[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
+ S- B( c8 t2 p! ?$ Q; }$ ~& C2 L( F(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving7 {$ D8 i& G- D& Q' q. d) K$ d
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
3 k( n: m8 h q# Ipossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
! t, W5 V3 D5 w* K(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
2 {0 s! r0 Q& u" ^* _2 j5 ?segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
+ i/ X L( ~# G" E6 B/ O" g, `/ Tsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.4 b6 e- }9 [0 ^ h
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
) F+ k/ K; C7 d* U8 Fcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,1 z$ ?. H$ W; e8 L
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
/ n. ^2 k2 U9 a2 h* F3 f! M. B" ~( u4 @# `
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
7 w9 `0 k$ l1 U/ Qand American speakers of English, |
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