 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
6 T. i3 v' n1 ]! T' U8 L/ }# yInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
7 a5 H( I( ^ Esyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
3 p. U% u' H& \4 `0 wand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial# e: K+ _( T# N' y" s: F
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
5 B: {( `5 E* d' ~$ cretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
* T4 u. W$ L; B# HA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
2 `. `/ }! {4 A4 C4 s[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]+ y) S/ r$ S# ^3 s
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
_0 d6 B5 m9 z6 Jretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on' e, v3 h4 H* h3 [! C: o7 O
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset' i& b* c' A! Q: c* l2 A1 P2 @- c
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
$ i: W" z* O0 g& asegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a2 L h& O9 J, x
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 n6 b7 N/ _" R! p/ O$ Send with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In1 n- N& {2 C( A n: y' Y; q
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
3 B: ?3 H6 Z$ k: xthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..: o7 I4 C" q: R* o$ Z! B
# z. h* p7 N* \$ f' ?+ }(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)5 Q1 S! E4 _& T, Q
and American speakers of English, |
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