 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The, S8 M4 x0 F% }
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ r+ B/ H+ ?. p6 ~: Q% msyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
! q! B; k/ Y# k( m" vand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial7 }, b9 f3 E4 c4 r! L
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of7 p6 ?% C+ g& U4 m
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).+ V" L- |6 a: O
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
8 U; [. d* v$ \) {[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
* O: d" G0 E* n8 R. L3 i! o q(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
# K3 w$ p) t" k6 A! [+ H6 q) X h9 |2 ^retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on: K/ S3 v) t0 j7 t" t2 K
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset! g! t9 U4 B/ l) L4 [
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
5 k5 H7 C" F3 q6 t8 _( R- d9 l! Isegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
5 l6 ^% r# V3 G" ]1 ysemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.: d! ]$ F; [* @" ^0 F! k2 V; ?
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
p' l1 Y8 S' `5 {3 mcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 v' c! K# N& U! x1 Dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
# ?, s6 a: w, ~! h! i6 D5 I: i9 m
# Y% x' o$ e8 ], K(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
, k& B6 [* N( u5 tand American speakers of English, |
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