 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
5 a5 s M: N: N: BInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ L, B/ u! q2 i( c/ Osyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,3 `+ d: b7 K+ y( M) X
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
) p) X/ e+ R6 w(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
/ F2 ~+ ~: i1 l/ Rretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 F l$ o/ q& P9 E& uA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: {2 O* p% n6 N3 [( Y5 J k( G! k. c[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]" p/ Q. D+ }) e+ r1 u
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
% Y# C" e7 n! ^' K( E4 a2 l7 ^' Mretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on J/ L2 h9 [3 S
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset7 y1 U* C5 U2 ~# C6 f; `
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two( \0 i& d0 V3 w/ `* T' _
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- P. P, d( J2 V* { H& j/ K
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.9 I0 d2 Z/ F, n" `4 [! z' q+ D/ K
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
4 p! A5 z# o" q3 _/ R3 @3 ~compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,, _$ D# C+ s) J+ v7 j8 M0 G
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
9 y/ O2 A7 _* j: u4 y1 n
. e' D' a+ F; M(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)7 G7 F1 H: w& ~, y/ o
and American speakers of English, |
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