 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
) O* L: u5 z4 R" H4 ~Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
% j% `( o5 ^1 l# J% ~syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& S0 K9 Z% o2 t4 s1 Iand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial G+ v7 _; ~0 {1 |! M& q
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of; V+ I5 F8 b- u2 P2 @
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 E1 N% R) d) S3 c; b' kA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 h v( I+ V: h5 D8 `9 G. o( g; Q[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
+ V7 h. J1 T& `) g(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving& S6 G( f2 z+ U8 M2 h2 w2 |4 ?
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on. H4 F; q: u& F3 |
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset! T( U9 m/ F( U u; I
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
. B: c7 u. L g! M* u. ~$ Hsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
7 z- v# X+ i7 V( y, V1 y2 Y2 a$ Xsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
$ M4 \4 T3 r9 w/ {' Pend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In' Q, t- w& q/ a
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,$ F8 i8 r8 W1 u" |: D; Z) `& P
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..6 v, G2 b! \. |2 c. _
1 t$ B2 _" W# y( ~) O3 s$ i& B* q
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)2 m! t- j0 F/ P6 O; u& F+ e( h
and American speakers of English, |
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