 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The0 a- q2 d2 |# h* c
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
( w l k0 ?- `$ E! z: ~syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
2 T* j# C: a [# `( xand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
$ d9 j7 m0 M y. u" s(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
7 K$ L1 ~8 `7 Uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).9 \# H( M6 G; i3 q
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=) `1 C: K8 u5 t( }* r2 h" r% ?
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
: v" {8 L. p6 u" n. d. j, p(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving. S- I# `" |" R" c. m; B
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
* } }2 s6 v: ]+ X( Jpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset( _6 R# Q$ k1 S3 H7 E2 u
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
# |. f2 V V1 F2 g5 v) Hsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
o: W4 C9 x" U, T! p7 i+ e" usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
+ E/ c! ]* V4 Vend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In& C& ]: A. M/ [1 ~/ A4 ^: p
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
, k2 H2 h# d& M0 wthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
( h3 s0 W# E% U- {+ [
' F. h! E% o# q! {! T' I" P3 I(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)! r* g J; _& Y& c6 ^
and American speakers of English, |
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