 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The5 l7 O/ O, O4 v
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
2 R r( ]# Y7 \! X6 y( _2 _syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in, H. ~0 C: h w u% y5 h
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial" q J# |8 P. p5 t- D# i" m
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 H& b( t7 y' m4 J7 x2 Cretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
5 ?4 c$ m: C) {; I ~% \" S# G/ sA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=6 {( I, R& _- s- H" Q$ G
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]$ A, K' |5 K x3 H+ c, t
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
( k3 P i2 F, bretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on7 ]3 y7 z; E- T. x" T3 r
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
& D- o% s; J6 E' Q) _+ k- Q(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two* `6 O: ~- P# b/ Q, R
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a# c$ x# A! w" ~% D
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
7 X, z& s0 k. nend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 [8 @% Z1 F; Q8 U- F* d
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,! Z1 k1 v5 e2 [ N$ j
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..% |* V+ k( k( B& ~* m7 k) n* z& i0 T
# D) a: ~1 [) X0 ]% o) u. T" d
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ Z7 e+ R3 I, \* M W- Y
and American speakers of English, |
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