 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
- A" c0 N! q* K. Z) HInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the: U; |4 G/ S' K1 l
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- u4 N5 |4 G7 |9 Z8 s" x& q' u& W8 \
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial5 y# w A l2 C
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of; i& \0 E- z# @) M% j( R
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
; X/ g) D4 ?9 k9 w; ?4 Q- e' VA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
3 [- @6 [& F0 J Q, M& t6 ][y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
9 f# q; D' V/ T& ]. n' a(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
+ m6 G6 g! \' l0 i6 ]retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on7 j. ]8 e& x E+ a6 X
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
0 o, R5 B+ i' r7 G3 A1 n4 G! H1 R(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
# ]) t9 v+ L( ]segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
9 Y" ~# F, T8 asemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.# v" L" }. r0 ?; l+ z, q3 o# ?
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
u+ F! v, e* F) ]+ W; Bcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,! E+ b( X/ M1 [7 m# `6 Z1 v
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..( W. N1 }% H( P5 D, U
" ~" U, U7 F. q) y(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ z$ F( e2 T' k+ k. n a' n9 \and American speakers of English, |
|