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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
6 V% v, K# O6 H% K: c1 W# TInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the6 J( k/ U) Y1 t3 G$ m& |
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& b% b7 k9 b/ `3 p f( F h' sand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial, B8 W. d" L' r3 A% i/ S
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of% u2 ?- _; P- R5 ]! T
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
) e, ^1 T4 {- C! A) z" `A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
6 o3 D6 L4 c& _6 \5 Q( x[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
' k8 Z3 [1 M, T$ w' ~(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
) I* E8 p0 d/ [5 n6 N$ C6 bretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on7 f& z# X: k* Q: R v
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 q( v6 k) z( V H; Z2 H
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two/ H. i9 l5 Q7 ]5 x! O
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a R' }. Z' g1 t+ n, U9 t
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.+ K0 v/ d6 ~. P# z- y" c* b' c
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In* G% J ^" R4 B; I& q
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
% p( ]' E8 V! N3 q- Nthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." L" U) N6 N& b" s8 U. q
5 C9 M5 _: v: j O, d u5 n(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
5 S7 e$ U. D& s3 vand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
