 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
" M5 Q5 D9 R7 _% T# u2 ?4 _6 mInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
7 }5 u2 y& w) m/ k& a. y/ o7 `9 i" asyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
. k6 [9 \; S% H! z0 U" [ [# hand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial/ G$ l. R$ f K2 m z
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
1 j y0 p1 w& D1 q! cretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
# D/ r- c- ]+ a& f& n3 ^7 MA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
8 q& g# O7 J4 D[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
0 e+ y( Y& g8 ](phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
7 O/ E9 U7 r8 K8 |! n2 m! L, _retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
( ~) `2 R) z! ]9 \possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
# D6 m: q+ F+ \. ^" p* Q8 Z(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two, v1 Z, Q+ V6 c/ K2 |* Z/ b% T
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a! ~2 p# \) w* C
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
: O3 E* _& Z4 J4 |* Yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( I y4 ^+ c: c
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,3 B) J- \2 E2 y: p( D& P% a
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..# s5 o9 b1 I' U% d1 p& p
4 l' q3 o5 t* @* d(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
' L3 {5 q% \9 iand American speakers of English, |
|