 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. [. r: I. T& W8 c. u7 l' z
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
2 Q' Q4 N3 Z1 _( `syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- T5 A& o; R3 z( @, Z1 Q
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial5 u. g# w6 t7 ?% E7 k
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 E) W( Y, \/ ?+ A
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).$ B# Y3 m/ i2 V
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=1 M) @1 I& D! L9 F3 x+ H% _
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
0 J! j. x; B7 K4 |; i(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving* e q3 |' z7 X5 ~% C {3 l1 G
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
' W3 @7 s1 P3 z" r n3 n; bpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset" R! J9 O( T; S
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two3 c: \' H2 k8 L1 t6 t- N6 _$ G0 l- B
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, N6 p( K/ y. F. s \semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 m' m U! V4 u t" o9 J, Jend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 t# H3 S- p- a, L) Z0 G. c) E K/ [
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,! @9 |" k) |$ t
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
! k$ z* E" M: X; S; @8 E* @: z+ E
: i; E% [4 D5 C) _0 L! W(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
$ A- o4 I0 i2 W8 land American speakers of English, |
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