 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
; U6 Z Z4 {% Q+ m* _5 Y) [Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ b7 W4 K, Q4 S1 m& R5 u
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- c( _9 O. H+ h: N, d: M
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial; j4 l9 s" N% I
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
) \/ |$ U+ N4 U. @retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).' L+ I- E. k! N7 Z
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=6 m% l/ o" P$ Y
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
6 a! d8 Z0 J* F: _- p4 a(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) B) u/ c. o, W; D; m
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
|. T) P! F: {4 `" Hpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
, j2 t! j ]- N0 w. ^(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two* A7 E5 I: a. h, Y
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a# I2 n2 T+ O8 c% C6 _+ @
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
+ Z% R+ ?) v4 h6 u7 aend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In; g, \+ E9 Y4 u L2 e! k
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 O3 Y& L( M: L$ h, dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
- D2 x, a- r+ b+ D! a8 R* p' J
) r8 \0 w. ^) Y1 c(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch) E! Q: f6 x9 Z2 ]
and American speakers of English, |
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