 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The0 `' c, s. v+ a, ?' V
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
& e- \$ t+ |. I. `syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,5 F8 f6 l9 I! D; ?
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! T0 d, ^" z6 y; G) F2 s
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
% ]9 H, l% m D8 w% B1 `1 _0 `) yretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
6 b3 w7 t/ u' ~! u; P% ]( K) MA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=1 E" t. r* J. ^' E4 |, o; a5 R" g# e
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
1 Z0 M9 `- H# G p# e(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving/ t& M, b4 Z4 A, m" w3 Y
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on5 ^9 f4 m5 O- D) C$ H7 v: u7 f
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset! m: R2 q5 ]2 _/ e% C
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two2 Q- ?5 I* r2 Q3 D: [" c) D. x
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
! l5 R8 U" Q1 ~7 psemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
! u- t3 H& _. d4 `, L9 Bend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In* P: D' }; u3 z! x$ Q9 N
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,0 u o0 G! H$ A
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
: x# t6 Z- m0 d4 \; y. d9 {* u+ Q8 A8 A4 b$ e u# Q! ?( A, m
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
$ E8 k9 k! S# @ Z1 D! n. m7 Eand American speakers of English, |
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