 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
- n6 Z M w, T0 ^Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
- Z$ m: F$ C- r4 l3 Z8 {4 p! Psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
* c* I8 ~: ~- Y* w. p: Land uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
3 B9 e2 k: \3 ~3 S& ]/ b(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 l; A# ?! |9 h9 G
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).6 t' t' _/ a$ z! Y: o3 _) r
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
2 A* i) ]8 J3 x$ Z7 n[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
% Z/ g9 l2 i# E" \% [5 k; {* X(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
( l# s0 L0 Z7 ]. \5 b9 z- Xretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on0 l. c0 G4 Q9 P2 ? a
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset0 E/ n9 y0 q$ H, p2 |& d9 L
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
- \! G g* B: Xsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a; | ~: [) ^3 m) P2 q8 d9 t1 `
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
( G( W6 j" p+ ^9 C- |/ u0 Uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In3 F6 i: E6 i- S3 U3 T
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
1 o5 j b1 {7 H: tthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
4 N8 H/ l ]( R0 g9 ?, b
7 ?) f4 F, H' { U) a(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
4 l* ]" u; e1 `& U% s; Z9 M2 qand American speakers of English, |
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