 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The: J" y! O" d" L& P5 H8 x% z
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the f2 l5 Q! z0 W+ w) ?
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,2 k( C7 g+ W/ Q
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial* |0 m+ c3 g& D( L. G
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
. J# x# M9 N, Kretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).% |& R, o# ^) l
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=: S6 o' b* y" H
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
z+ K3 ?8 [! [( V% U( X(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving% [- |7 z# {- ~& Z9 ?! a
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
, d: V7 ^; v) H7 l) o3 z* _: bpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset9 N( i& m E; O' q8 j
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two2 `+ v! a: j- Q6 v
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
- x2 ~! v+ C# }/ w& msemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.8 G O9 E: z; U: J6 t \" M
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" Q. i. c0 \% ^0 l3 q7 X4 ^* D
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 @% k9 w( ^* `+ Q* ?the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
1 B7 A* ]- @; m/ x% u3 o
# v( ]4 S* J( B8 }(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch). U3 u$ t! A# R) N: J6 u1 L
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
