 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& r1 |+ ?' q9 S# S! K) Z' |
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the! l# G$ @* Q) O* J6 S: A2 G- Z
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
# J; ? i8 H: F& D% C4 ?: Tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial3 M- D* d, \0 q2 j# y8 `
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) Y+ ?/ s S7 }% s9 p/ S. \: n
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
8 q( W$ I& R. r$ b$ Q3 k$ H- m9 nA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=; ?; l6 I. O2 {. f) l- Q
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]$ ^% \/ O8 s4 J: b: ^. g
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving7 J5 x8 s0 D! d, B& r3 b u
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on+ R# A; ^6 p' a% O$ G( o# y
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
6 F' ^, N3 E! D _" F(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
* ?8 l3 O2 i* ?. N- u/ Z \5 ~( \segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 Y1 B, D1 h% M( R- c) Jsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; e4 a O" v) y
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In2 |- d8 p2 \* X
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,0 i, i, c$ b, B& N; l i7 u# R
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..) ] R$ F8 l" I j
& s# `6 w+ T2 p/ t( V2 ?
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
( [7 n' ]/ ^( ^$ ^5 b" ^and American speakers of English, |
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