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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The9 m8 U, I1 k' a2 `
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* j- n! J5 y4 y7 u+ j1 V& Psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
3 g- ^, ^2 a' D( I8 Eand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
8 x. t3 S; ?1 e" l. ?0 A(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of# g; U! ~% I, y
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
3 A2 q; w9 J* D6 H4 c; P: L! bA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
# H$ l D4 O# d- C) r% ^[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" J3 d u; N: ]" |0 Z( `) D$ }(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving/ \; R, F7 n. Z/ e
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
; G; m0 ?; U/ kpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset" V% u2 x: O# N" l9 x
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 Y. p3 V$ _; p7 U* Ysegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a! O, _* P$ D# i ~ P
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.. t x( o3 V- Y" _5 Q" D9 ~
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, D' \$ k% ]* C0 L5 c# Y# _
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,1 l7 L4 p$ \& ?& |- V: D
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..3 Z7 D$ @! z- [' G; o$ x, E/ d6 w
( n! U: I, x( n, w7 e' n) ^0 @9 L
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)5 |8 G. t* k2 v' s
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
