 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The6 r4 L# z) L2 v) ~
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the: i$ j. _/ h7 x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
: `' ~( g2 t7 T& j7 Y2 I! A+ Y: ?5 Fand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial9 ? f" m! t4 f" D+ e# @2 {8 I
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
3 V" k3 s' U+ F, Mretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).- Z+ h1 N. b+ v( e6 o! A9 a- i% v
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
3 N) x a! H3 d; x" c9 _: s[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]2 K7 z1 f* ~9 {! @' B; J
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving# w$ s. j P H' ~
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
! |" q, p. `& {. Z& Q; ]possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
; ^5 j% _2 o, j' b0 Y(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two" F) J8 H) ~( a+ ` f; c- A' K
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 q9 G1 L! Z; y8 [3 esemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.) e# I' C% O, q% J! z1 I
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, _/ Q, n1 ] t1 n" S8 U3 h, Z
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
5 ?# |! \; \! Mthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..! Z: k$ T/ D6 z& a
3 B) f6 d$ a; q- l4 A
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)1 H5 h, M: z+ a3 b# O1 X
and American speakers of English, |
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