 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
& C) w: L. N! B& C# \3 YInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
( S% w! b7 z4 qsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,9 o9 ^8 Z( C' y1 [0 h) S
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial. \- u0 D" V' M# S
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
3 u/ I4 D6 r9 \4 M( f9 R- H6 i+ |retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).' D7 z# J3 e& j. O, b
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=8 U! B0 q% b2 p% |. o% F
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" ] d+ h3 L. N& e7 z% |(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
: Q, j) D: P j: u! fretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
# |( }) M7 d3 j3 ypossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
2 m2 G# G: M4 q! Y0 Q0 f2 d$ x) D! O(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two$ M6 M9 E1 ^, I f! y6 `, s, }5 ~
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a! e( o' L s# i1 Z- F, \1 |
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.0 _) w2 K r4 Y* u5 I2 h" i! s
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In7 l1 L0 k0 M+ a7 F& ^- |
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,% p% S; w, l2 P) J$ H
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..- V3 R8 ]8 C) _* B! E" h* |. p
! b4 t8 D9 }! W/ _0 q9 s" z
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch): q u) M2 a+ y0 Z
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
