 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The/ L1 ]3 H( l7 I+ A2 _
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
; l, U; t( G7 i7 d4 b) }9 psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,* j/ K1 R0 [: _
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial0 u' {3 m3 }& s& w4 J. z
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
, ], }' C+ F" s! x1 B( {0 Mretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
2 S a7 R2 \4 `$ t3 [/ a- U) gA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 {$ e- R1 @( p/ T[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
; @; ~8 n. E6 z1 V(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
. L; I6 @. E% X- i) Dretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on. U- i& r8 y- J; @, {/ I4 P
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset! c6 K$ i# S8 e4 J
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two# y0 i. _7 M o0 i3 {' P5 g
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
+ X0 F5 _2 @) N7 n) d s. P. W3 i: xsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.1 Y, p. p8 w8 P+ K( a
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In- h# `6 r& D4 p1 P) g" L! D
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,3 n5 V: \7 T7 x& T. M/ [
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla... C- f, L d* ~: s; y: O
- P: l6 v1 i6 m4 c ?( D(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)6 J. g! Z" X4 e$ ?6 R" G( n. X
and American speakers of English, |
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