 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
1 D# ]+ M2 {- D% G4 PInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
) {! | v, L3 i# l0 Q ksyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
9 I3 N8 a& j( d- O* \9 F: t" V7 t1 Uand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
' {1 V. E3 Y, ?5 o8 e$ D8 y" ?; u' A(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
8 |* y/ [. @1 z) q% K4 ?, aretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
8 v' ?/ j; L/ K. R* YA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=* F F: |7 s9 Y, D5 f* I$ n
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]! i; H8 j* h; h# p1 a
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving& E4 g% P+ C2 o& ?
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on Q3 s5 _" W) ?1 U) f1 z% h8 d
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
. p! q7 s- u% P(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 b( b: O r; q$ y+ y$ ^segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a8 U+ r1 }1 ]3 u( y9 x) |8 a
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
3 E8 u1 B' Q3 C' Zend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, F! J, u; h$ g2 i* M! D
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
! o- S- Q7 G V3 w% P% Q: y* uthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 m% f o, K( O3 d& e4 k
; b' f. ?5 R5 d(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)& L& ?2 W; ?# S) [
and American speakers of English, |
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