 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, w: Q3 y9 _. k* N9 \9 q/ nInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the5 _3 T( V3 A1 n- h9 @6 E5 p
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,# n/ o+ X0 L+ [) Y- _/ p8 S! ?
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial% B$ b( j$ r3 b0 H+ v% N% f. q# Y
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of: z1 y$ q+ v7 j- i
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
" h" f5 C1 c; y! w3 L) ~A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=8 f# \3 S1 T! m# {
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]0 `. r% u% _- C
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving/ a- d# [- c: I8 x" L7 f
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
2 [' c: Y, Z! b& t8 |1 {# T8 Apossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 h- O/ _3 H) M8 q& u/ j- A* [& a8 _
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
6 z# Q' T2 j+ P, T, zsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a. b$ Q, b3 }: U
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
( Y; U0 u9 M7 |% fend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In/ F+ \( \5 G6 h" p
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,9 f% J7 y; N% c4 r* B& h
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
+ O8 s8 C, Q" m# _* V; t2 m0 ? s& \0 e
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ y, l L9 |/ b! k9 Q8 h, [3 b/ Wand American speakers of English, |
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