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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The5 f# o9 c4 k" H- ]! c3 E' R/ o
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
# Y7 X! i, {2 Y4 {8 p; B- \syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
% [+ K" b k/ {6 Q9 ~9 F$ Iand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial8 W% R5 y) m# V) {) M
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 x8 r$ s) _8 N/ W& u
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& d) u6 |7 w! V, UA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=$ h$ i) T: i- n7 c" Z6 I
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" _& [0 A% N& j) S0 w: {& O(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
# \1 b2 G2 m0 R+ Wretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on* \1 a6 I' ]0 r" ~. p
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset* _$ ~; _$ M7 l; ~
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
/ ]- O+ u+ R) \9 s" Rsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- Z$ e0 f0 p/ ?4 C
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.4 m. N: a! c( x e
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In W' `8 q9 c6 Y; y0 P+ h2 e- ^- p. S
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,0 D& ^! S! t8 A* y1 \/ w
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..- |8 V$ d, \/ V5 ?# D9 @) h
- K, p+ O+ N# f3 E; m% |
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)* Y; a( B1 t* l* `# J, g! O' u I4 [$ f
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
