 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The6 d/ w9 V8 `& ?- G, h2 s' E$ W- ?$ m
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the# E) l% z; e8 ^) k8 G! B
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; [( O u, l r- A, ], wand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
( a* \' u( C0 e6 W4 L3 n* }(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
. [- m5 p3 v4 Z1 uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).7 ~8 P5 G; J9 }) Q- Q+ Y' @' B
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
! N* F/ b+ i; j* W8 Z1 {+ @+ I' A v[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
8 L i! Z7 b7 g2 D( z* _9 ~6 \: w; Z(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
8 N5 j* i0 b9 Z$ G' @9 X+ [5 b! uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
# Q6 A8 X. F8 e! A' y/ bpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset2 _' V' j# M- M: {8 P/ t1 m/ ?
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two( M0 N- h( y- {- G$ E
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a" Z" X4 E6 ]- ~! ~. j
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.# z3 S: @5 L* P( g3 U; G% E% D
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
( r0 R& h1 D% K, W m# rcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
, V' e0 H7 A$ j: w' G; Xthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
9 C& M/ x0 [. Q8 ~0 K8 s
7 J' B% _2 i* G% y(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
9 }2 ^2 K! ~0 o2 m2 Xand American speakers of English, |
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