 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The' E+ a) s! {6 u$ C+ P
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the& H- B+ t- d( |3 Q& P3 x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,* H6 r* R$ Z" t' E* I$ e3 Z* k3 o
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial& O1 m4 E. z5 T1 T
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 _% m$ c0 q8 s3 m! c' _( _
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
+ ?7 ?& L9 @9 Q: GA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
! J# {6 X1 X ~0 F2 ~8 j% z+ D[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]: t0 B+ }9 Y2 y* \8 I2 r
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
+ o6 F1 g# {4 E, \ sretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on4 x L: y. C3 k/ `- v
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
/ K8 q2 _% {2 @' [. }(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two1 e* o" n; e$ V, s( C$ m
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
2 r0 l5 q, u8 b- Usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; O- h, Z! G" V4 h8 |5 H/ D6 \9 [+ K: [
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In. D6 t- a& T! C% z, i
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element," N9 x# L2 H6 K0 K* m y
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 @/ B0 O- C; D0 v1 L: J
, O. G" J! v+ u0 _) A; p, }(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
9 T, ^0 _: f9 T4 V# mand American speakers of English, |
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