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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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& t8 A1 ] g2 \4 S- N1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)$ q0 I; i* \# i: ]; X
: H* |0 j% l2 A2 WWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)& O% Z7 P$ W2 A2 k- q
0 Q: K2 b! V R! E9 {* ^2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) 5 V# G1 y* k3 y f, C- e
$ Y( \+ L( f/ a3 l/ Y5 J) ?2 o% m: HIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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1 a0 h [, q8 s6 DWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)
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* T$ r8 N: P3 k* l9 u4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) 4 l3 C- [4 l3 g3 l
8 ~# `9 z8 L+ J" G% eShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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8 G5 o6 t" J& i+ @5 z5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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4 T# U& H1 z/ dMy meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)& z% h5 \4 b* V% W
# f; K% ~, x6 F/ H+ K6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)' `0 H. B: {$ P3 K& V( @
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)( o. r* i7 H. K$ e, u* u( M9 M
0 D$ e6 i: {* V8 ^) o& v# L, Y7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)# c# I' H/ v( w! t
- V! S2 K: G$ z" ZYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)' n7 k8 U* @4 ]; r5 E9 A7 t$ T
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。4 O1 |8 s7 @9 a" F5 s0 V7 g6 \
* y) F0 B6 ^0 g L Z然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:! U+ M1 c. H" T, M5 F* W
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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4 f! A" `( o) c z r& E( j- fYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.# D# Q' U N6 ~ ?. {/ v. t$ B2 y
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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+ ?5 i7 Q4 P9 S11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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; S$ T" \( i: f3 c' yThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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