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! R: \! k7 j; z0 X6 m说汉语者使用大脑更多部分
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说汉语普通话者讲话时同时使用大脑两边
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Y. ~: G) ]1 U7 m9 J英国的研究人员发现,说汉语普通话的人可能比说英语的人用更多大脑。研究表明,说汉语普通话者讲话时同时使用大脑两边。
2 e/ U/ W+ ^, y, t* w- h7 r说英语者只使用大脑一边。研究人员说,这项研究能够促进了解大脑处理语言的过程。
6 R% J4 j& a0 {) s另外,这项研究还可以帮助研究人员找到更好的办法,帮助人们在中风或者脑部受到类似损害后重新学习,掌握语言技能。
1 l5 |- b/ |3 B* R在这项研究中,操汉语普通话和操英语的两组人接受脑部扫描。研究人员发现,人们讲英语时,靠近左太阳穴的左颞叶开始活跃。 8 J k+ J$ {% o5 D8 Z, o
他们发现,大脑这个区域的功能是把发音联系起来,形成单个词汇。
! I* Q+ p; T/ a+ {研究发现,人们说汉语时,左颞叶和右颞叶一起活跃。研究人员说,说不同语言时,人的大脑在以不同方式破译语言。这就推翻了长期以来的看法。 $ Y; Y0 I' t* M8 @* V' t& e( j
汉语普通话十分难学。不同于操英语者,说汉语者使用音调区分不同词的不同意思。比如"马"音,用不同音调发音,可以是马,妈等不同的意思。
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4 |- x4 d0 _6 v' e, A( WChinese 'takes more brainpower'
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Speaking Chinese may take more brainpower than speaking English, a study suggests. 3 j- V8 |7 H8 P2 H( y* ^
Researchers in Britain have found that people who speak Mandarin Chinese use both sides of their brain to understand the language.
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, ~" g; e/ M0 h A: y: CThis compares to English-language speakers who only need to use one side of their brain.
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The researchers said the findings could boost understanding of how the brain processes languages.
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/ R0 g( P7 t+ B9 e1 R( t; qThis, in turn, could one day help scientists to develop better ways of helping people to re-learn languages after a stroke or similar damage to the brain.
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1 j4 `% o7 d, K# s- P" pBrain scans 8 S/ p/ p) j7 ~* O% u0 b
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Dr Sophie Scott and colleagues at the Wellcome Trust carried out brain scans on a group of Mandarin and English speakers.
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They found that the left temporal lobe, which is located by the left temple, becomes active when English speakers hear English.
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The researchers believe that this area of the brain links speech sounds together to form individual words.
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They expected similar findings when they carried out scans on Mandarin speakers.
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' P8 |- P7 E( c$ k( \However, they found that both their left and right temporal lobes become active when they hear Mandarin. $ m, v) @) \% H( a8 [
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"People who speak different sorts of languages use their brains to decode speech in different ways," said Dr Scott.
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" C2 O* S2 B' e"It overturned some long-held theories."
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Mandarin is a notoriously difficult language to learn. Unlike English, speakers use intonation to distinguish between completely different meanings of particular words.
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For instance, the word "ma" can mean mother, scold, horse or hemp depending on how it is said. , G3 Z- X7 t* v1 c6 o! Z
/ ?/ b+ l. | b2 _: |The researchers believe that this need to interpret intonation is why Mandarin speakers need to use both sides of their brain. 0 y5 L' J' I4 u; v
$ x+ V# J2 i/ z( i3 hThe right temporal lobe is normally associated with being able to process music or tones. . k. B5 b, r5 h5 U4 w9 G" O
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"We think that Mandarin speakers interpret intonation and melody in the right temporal lobe to give the correct meaning to the spoken words," said Dr Scott. # h* e0 y N( g8 d7 z) U
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"It seems that the structure of the language you learn as a child affects how the structure of your brain develops to decode speech. & J5 T v" S& o8 P0 t) i) w# |. I
% l' |4 w# b3 F' F- r& E: h1 y"Native English speakers, for example, find it extraordinarily difficult to learn Mandarin."
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) B5 O2 z8 a6 [: \Learning languages
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/ V5 l! h7 ]. G( G# f3 P+ M9 zDr Scott said the findings could help scientists to understand how the brain learns language. ) `, K8 x0 [ N( S9 U5 O
) k$ P- o: S6 E: o% k* |It could be particularly useful in trying to understand how it re-learns language after a stroke.
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She suggested it could also lead to new drugs to help people who have lost their language skills.
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"There is evidence from other studies that certain drugs affect learning in the brain regions that support hearing and speech," she said. 5 L& T' ^* L$ g: a
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"This is something we can improve on." $ q3 J \ }, h
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Dr William Marslen-Wilson, of the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at Cambridge University, welcomed the study. 1 Z; l; T" D9 Y4 q
0 k& \& D7 [6 p, B"It is an interesting finding," he told BBC News Online. * B/ ?" J/ @2 ^; c! g
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"Looking at languages that are very different from each other helps us to understand how the brain processes language. , S: L& {; K% H; M# X( a
2 E8 {8 _( @/ t8 l. I"It can also help us to understand language rehabilitation," he said. 5 m$ O2 F m6 L; u
9 y& [7 K0 N" [, Z; R4 C"This field is really opening up but it is very early days."
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1 J# N% G. `3 `7 F" P# U& {( LThe findings will be included in the summer science exhibition at the Royal Society in London, which runs from 1 to 3 July. 1 a% b' B3 ~" s% Z- R2 g
a/ t) m7 T- D1 {: PStory from BBC NEWS:
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[ Last edited by victorw on 2005-2-24 at 06:22 PM ] |
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