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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)2 s1 y" o& J" F7 ?6 @
/ _+ o! r" [1 V+ R/ C
Proof: $ U) \* v+ |. q" i, ^* B7 A2 g9 P
Let n >1 be an integer , }, s+ K) `$ Q4 g5 ?& Y2 P
Basis: (n=2)
( W" E+ M" T- c+ H# J t 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
3 u$ q% z- }9 l1 _+ i9 x% [# @2 G3 O* z r
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that' h. G; W3 `* n+ [/ S6 M
K^3 – K can by divided by 3. i( ~: W- r& v2 }
9 k( S+ T9 B: j" n- N
Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
- [# G- J5 c$ Y/ r2 e; g& O6 jsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
! j) u6 K8 S/ v8 g$ h+ l5 B, e$ yThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1): l4 x+ Y, j6 T5 Q, G4 ^ H6 u* V3 ]
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K6 g: S) p) U7 [$ H
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
+ Q" M* f8 `( m! R4 i, d" D = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
" t/ G" v, M9 D$ J, yby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
8 F2 _- `( U+ p* _; h; W' d5 `So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
6 G/ x( @1 Z' T; E) ~1 R = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
8 D/ F3 c6 E; c7 U: H( y& z = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 38 r( t; D/ K* i n4 J
2 Z$ E* i3 w) h: E
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.: r8 {, A* ~& g% t8 e: E; [8 j6 h% b
0 u% N% O' p$ y! F4 {[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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