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The Fiscal Year 2020 U.S. budget deficit is expected to be $1.1 trillion. 8 n; g. H$ a/ U
% o/ H3 I' h( q4 r' L6 I9 N2020财年美国预算赤字预计为1.1万亿美元/ C. A6 W- Z/ V+ T
7 C- V: P; y8 j, eThe first column represents the fiscal year, followed by the deficit that year in billions. Next is the debt increase by fiscal year, followed by the deficit/GDP. Finally, the events affecting the deficit are cited.) a. A9 X. |' b. p) R
第一列表示会计年度，其次是该年度的赤字（十亿）。其次是财政年度的债务增加，其次是赤字/ GDP。最后，列举了影响赤字的事件
2 C, n) k" l0 s* M" l% b0 i+ f: d2 @" `% Q7 f( W
Fiscal Year Deficit (in billions) Debt Deficit/GDP Events
7 F+ G2 u J% q# |- _9 S# W& ~1929 ($1) ($1) (0.7%) Market crash
+ l1 z8 j) A: H* r+ M$ N1930 ($1) ($1) (0.8%) Smoot-Hawley! J5 o! U" h7 u+ T
1931 $0 $1 0.6% Dust Bowl& T- O4 z- c9 n# V: P2 k
1932 $3 $3 4.5% Hoover tax hike. M/ C3 F8 [. R- O8 m! a
1933 $3 $3 4.5% FDR New Deal2 q: ?/ ]2 u6 E; F& m
1934 $4 $5 5.4% GDP up 10.8%, debt also rose8 N; I' ?9 H2 z! G4 o* N
1935 $3 $2 3.8% Social Security
x; n4 F5 N; N2 Z/ \1936 $4 $5 5.1% Tax hikes7 D! K7 W4 m! {' Z$ F
1937 $2 $3 2.4% Depression returned, third New Deal/ L; a: l1 H2 ?5 q% G
1938 $0 $1 0.1% Dust Bowl ended/ d ?9 h' H# ~# O% c0 P
1939 $3 $3 3.0% Depression ended
; y( p W M9 w) Z* J1940 $3 $3 2.8% Defense increased
8 L& D! I7 j( \, {0 G, |. S1941 $5 $6 3.8% Pearl Harbor
0 \. K: H+ V& u- Q+ M1942 $21 $23 12.3% Battle of Midway
; ^1 \( N9 R4 @" R+ ~1943 $55 $64 26.9% Defense tripled; {% l0 A4 o* h0 M+ }! P
1944 $48 $64 21.2% Bretton Woods0 @/ ^ i1 E7 ^7 w
1945 $48 $58 20.0% WWII ended% L5 W$ }# E$ w/ a
1946 $16 $11 7.0% Recession" T8 U2 z- a) q
1947 ($4) ($11) (1.6%) Cold War' [7 u% {# G1 x- a" f2 Y4 D' e0 C
1948 ($12) ($6) (4.2%) Recession2 u4 R. B; a$ g2 X
1949 ($1) $0 (0.2%) Recession, n4 |! c& |2 x0 l) W& H
1950 $3 $5 1.0% Korean War
+ S+ \3 M% B6 s! }1951 ($6) ($2) (1.7%) Expansion
' ]# F' G, a4 }7 G) S8 g1952 $2 $4 0.4% Expansion, a) J; D0 c8 ?+ o' q
1953 $6 $7 1.7% Korean War ended, recession) z3 A$ `1 L0 _* n
1954 $1 $5 0.3% Recession, Eisenhower budgets
. [9 R: j5 S* m2 i+ i. ]5 B7 G/ h1955 $3 $3 0.7% Expansion, {* `$ q: j' `: p! g! N6 U0 c
1956 ($4) ($2) (0.9%) Expansion
4 H# {4 I0 I0 W) k1957 ($3) ($2) (0.7%) Recession+ l) [# H5 \ |1 O- U, l! I
1958 $3 $6 0.6% Recession ended+ N1 Y2 k+ x+ ^; o( E) T2 n
1959 $13 $8 2.4% Fed raised rates$ b' f2 [$ X9 F; t4 _7 n
1960 $0 $2 (0.1%) Recession2 |% X3 q, z& c. O8 z
1961 $3 $3 0.6% JFK & Bay of Pigs
) [: L1 I; k2 G }1962 $7 $10 1.2% Cuban Missile Crisis
6 Z! c& m! k: p1963 $5 $7 0.7% U.S. aids Vietnam, JFK killed
# E2 c! h) T& V3 v: T1964 $6 $6 0.9% LBJ War on Poverty
, k; A) _* e N# g$ l! e1965 $1 $6 0.2% Medicare, Medicaid, Vietnam War
# K) c8 \# x l1966 $4 $3 0.5% 4 m; Z* A" J$ o8 Z
1967 $9 $6 1.0% Expansion
" U" ]1 [$ | W3 Y8 _7 f3 P1968 $25 $21 2.6% Moon landing
8 U0 J; G% k3 S- [1969 ($3) $6 (0.3%) Nixon took office
$ i9 R! l; @' w! q1970 $3 $17 0.3% Recession
& q1 m) Z. ^- {5 { G1971 $23 $27 2.0% Wage-price controls$ |# m1 j9 h" f2 M
1972 $23 $29 1.8% Stagflation
2 ^; u$ u' W$ D J2 a* F1973 $15 $31 1.0% End of gold standard l9 g4 Q+ G+ u0 j( Z: l- N
1974 $6 $17 0.4% Budget process created, Watergate
; v4 o! E- d* O. ]* S' L, s' H/ y4 y1975 $53 $58 3.1% Ford budget, Vietnam War ended
" V2 i8 R9 s* l- v5 c# N1 E' v) |1976 $74 $87 3.9% Stagflation
6 S! Z) ?4 r2 x3 Y$ }1977 $54 $78 2.5% Stagflation
+ u. Y6 Q H: n& B/ [1 v6 \6 I1978 $59 $73 2.5% Carter budget, Recession9 v$ k1 q1 J8 _2 J
1979 $41 $55 1.5% Recession: Z, M: s3 Q, S1 n3 d# v
1980 $74 $81 2.6% Volcker raised rates to 20%' t- j4 |5 A( Q7 B$ G$ @
1981 $79 $90 2.4% Reagan tax cut9 ~5 d/ Z9 e5 i7 f5 G1 T
1982 $128 $144 3.8% Reagan increased spending5 v, c$ ^7 u' B+ e' t$ C
1983 $208 $235 5.6% Jobless rate was 10.8%( h* P: n P7 w5 G% J8 g$ @4 b
1984 $185 $195 4.5% Increased defense spending& c7 U# E4 Y6 ~& Y
1985 $212 $256 4.8% Increased defense spending
: O, K1 g' g9 u1986 $221 $297 4.8% Tax cut
" w' Q& T* y9 [. g( k/ F1987 $150 $225 3.1% Market crash) y1 x- y. |, w' O# w/ {% E4 A& ~
1988 $155 $252 2.9% Fed raised rates
- E3 v3 Q, E3 H1989 $153 $255 2.7% S&L Crisis, Bush 41 budget
u8 z; ]! J4 |4 w- z9 B; t1990 $221 $376 3.7% Desert Storm; E, P' w# a7 j. y K& _
1991 $269 $432 4.3% Recession; r I: U) u$ A/ F7 B+ i4 A* S
1992 $290 $399 4.4% Expansion
& _' w: r' x$ d0 w. o; `, w1993 $255 $347 3.7% Clinton signed Budget Act
, ]& x# N% O) I. h6 d! v5 h1994 $203 $281 2.8% Clinton budget; |. X: e. x$ r' M
1995 $164 $281 2.1% Expansion
1 |% z) i8 C) M) P1996 $107 $251 1.3% Welfare reform" v8 G- K6 Q! W }) M6 e
1997 $22 $188 0.3% Expansion& n& c; V& N$ Z/ _# z) z( B5 B0 ?
1998 ($69) $113 (0.8%) LTCM crisis, recession) e7 x$ g$ B2 o2 w# R5 F8 r
1999 ($126) $130 (1.3%) Glass-Steagall repealed$ S7 B3 ^3 i# D& p
2000 ($236) $18 (2.3%) Surplus% ^" L/ N5 N4 Y" y. W( r
2001 ($128) $133 (1.2%) 9/11 attacks, EGTRRA% o- Z# R% e9 u; k
2002 $158 $421 1.4% War on Terror, H% V- I3 V) x$ _7 g4 _4 {
2003 $378 $555 3.3% JGTRRA
! [. {3 S9 m7 N% j2 \2004 $413 $596 3.4% Iraq War
; H- O$ {; i! T; u& m" {* q M( v2005 $318 $554 2.4% Katrina, Bankruptcy Act/ u5 r/ b# l/ x% Z9 Z, O2 r
2006 $248 $578 1.8% Bernanke chairs Fed- Y9 x5 D6 N6 T8 p) Q6 q
2007 $161 $501 1.1% Bank crisis
8 z! o; X+ j5 u1 r5 H2008 $459 $1,017 3.1% Bank bailout, QE) x" W5 }7 S; C% D1 \' o
2009 $1,413 $1,632 9.8% Stimulus Act. Bank bailout cost $250B, ARRA added $241.9B
5 _6 S7 v- e1 N' u2010 $1,294 $1,905 8.6% Obama tax cuts, ACA, Simpson-Bowles
0 }3 n6 r5 i' s9 E! S2011 $1,300 $1,229 8.3% Debt crisis, recession and tax cuts reduced revenue
; H# K5 ^" B( p# W, g! l5 ]/ ?2012 $1,087 $1,276 6.7% Fiscal cliff$ q& u- v- h' w7 k4 I3 E
2013 $679 $672 4.0% Sequester, government shutdown
9 f: p5 F6 m \7 ^7 d( I% L! S2014 $485 $1,086 2.7% Debt ceiling4 ]/ j6 }, l" ~1 z1 S
2015 $438 $327 2.4% Defense = $736.4B; F _% {4 P" g. Y8 L$ B
2016 $585 $1,423 3.1% Defense = $767.6B- f3 V7 i ~; }
2017 $665 $672 3.4% Defense = $817.9B
+ G9 D" |; T2 i2 m2018 $779 $1,217 4.0% Defense = $890.8B. Trump tax cuts3 D6 o/ S5 ?1 Y
2019 $1,091 $1,314 NA Defense = $956.5B
8 N) E% j9 L' t2020 $1,101 $1,281 NA Defense = $989B. p$ a, ^: d/ f: D: t2 R
2021 $1,068 $1,276 NA NA
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