一滴血法则

billzhao

1865年，佛罗里达州率先宣布跨种族通婚为非法行为，并定义了“有色人种”的概念：任何人，只要是有八分之一及以上的黑人血统，就被认为是有色人种。这也就是“一滴血法则”的最初版本。

' u) |7 i% P' @9 l到了南北战争战后重建时期的几十年，“一滴血法则”被众多州写入法律（多是南方州），对人种的划定标准也更为严苛。1924年，弗吉尼亚州的《种族完整法》甚至规定，对白人来说，只要自己祖上有一丁点非白人血统，那他就不是白人；对黑人而言，只要他身上有一丁点黑人血统，那他就是黑人。在这种文化和法律环境下，跨种族通婚当然是被鄙夷的。
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9 `9 N' i# _) T/ X! y1 j; S2 V《种族完整法》

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billzhao

1924 RACIAL INTEGRITY ACT
# U2 Y0 Q1 P+ Y4 ?; }2 \The 1924 Racial Integrity Act was part of a series of laws designed to prevent racial intermixing. Under the direction of Dr. Walter Plecker, the Bureau of Vital Statistics divided Virginians into strictly defined racial categories of "white" and "colored" and banned marriages between people of different races. Many Virginians filed lawsuits disputing their racial classification and claiming their right to get married.

It shall hereafter be unlawful for any white person in this State to marry any save a white person, or a person with no other admixture of blood than white and American Indian. For the purpose of this act, the term "white person" shall apply only to the person who has no trace whatsoever of any blood other than Caucasian; but persons who have one-sixteenth or less of the blood of the American Indian and have no other non-Caucasic blood shall be deemed to be white persons. All laws heretofore passed and now in effect regarding the intermarriage of white and colored persons shall apply to marriages prohibited by this act.