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4 p0 W- g+ T- d2 U5 mhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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. q2 ^2 T* N6 w' N6 p7 a7 DJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China. V4 u( u' R- W' o
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
8 ?: k. q# j+ GFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China., r3 s, ?- Z% N7 w
" ^6 G6 y. v" ^" y3 Y
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
9 d# ~( U* {$ `Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.; h) P& N! [6 Z9 ? X
5 ]* S5 E8 r5 M8 Q. S3 O2 s/ XSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
4 U2 s- z& h) hReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
+ ], `) {- L3 u$ V, ^Published online 26 January 2018* W H1 a! W$ ^8 J% i8 p; |+ `3 b; b- r
q" }" W1 ^" t+ {) G" k+ M& U0 I7 G, A6 A2 i
Abstract
& P; c+ C' b* T1 ZJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
' q$ K+ @8 Z8 K6 Q& u( ]7 _Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The+ w1 C- q7 ]# A) m1 a) z; X) L
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
5 s! }- T+ u9 S# s3 y, o2 U$ ~( @engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not j6 m: s6 ^3 D" K; @) U
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
& B$ X4 H: t) b3 nworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
% y# m# q/ K3 N2 @- \# p Vto the standardization of the scientific terminology7 B7 v. x7 S- ^4 U* R
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s+ s2 X# p Q% i! O
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,; |$ r2 D6 C/ m& O4 g
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the4 s" E; g$ `- K# @: |% L2 D; [
standardization of the scientific terminology translation3 m$ f3 b l3 |1 S* {2 A. W
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien3 L9 Y8 p* a, V6 Q# f1 ~
he established had helped greatly with the popularization- K* m% }" f! ^4 H: P% S
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring1 r ?* B, ?0 v0 U9 K1 k, @; Z
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
' l4 L1 h; y7 j/ c L& R: xfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
# I& A# p% R& D$ Xthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
2 \- [ l) Z/ D# egreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific$ o/ L5 ?) D7 ~3 X
terminology.0 S! {6 X; |0 M1 j$ n
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
' b, Q% p- W- J, L2 }5 ?" S0 L3 [Standardization of terminology translation
7 {+ q& q# T; y2 rYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to$ |8 u3 d2 O; d6 |/ O: r
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
8 H+ `5 Q& i% k3 Y! nChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available8 H1 G# Q! u' N
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
3 ?% U' {/ R+ ]4 [% o# NDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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8 n- l* b* f: K1 T7 @+ I/ c6 ^' XINTRODUCTION; j/ C o/ V5 m2 l/ x. o* H
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
, v( Y; p3 D1 q( }% b9 B3 Ga great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).' k" F3 F# l& V0 s% V+ w& F
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
& O, @! S& n! A( [Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of- Y7 `/ M# k& Z
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed, S/ f$ n$ M" V( `+ L2 F
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
3 z. l9 p# @) k1 Lan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
9 C$ ]; o' N8 p$ R; ehis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-0 O4 [, E9 w$ J" U2 |9 f
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific0 c, {5 V+ Q/ C6 k
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
5 G: R8 Q& @7 B1 g* k0 y; i% y( I6 xFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
7 t: I# u, M1 }4 [Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
" g0 L- [& o6 h+ ?# ?( Dto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
& ]' y& y& p; c& ?) }; cwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,7 M7 L9 a. [5 O7 @5 \/ g$ Q
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
! ^7 Y1 l) V+ qFryer translated more than one hundred of Western* d; a/ @1 s! m i i* l
books that made him the most productive one among the
( V& L! L9 k% D% q9 x9 Xforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,; _* r, }% J& O, E. B# _
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
* ^4 q2 L, t/ [$ t! ?noble work which could help accelerate the process of# x' H3 v8 s+ v. D |# p0 E
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).$ c2 x( e# i9 R7 z. N
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer( A1 |1 G' H& a: _/ Y
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western6 @) J9 P0 k# y! ]: f
science and the standardization of translated scientific1 @; f; i/ z8 F* k2 U1 ]
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific0 O" [/ s5 d0 S! R# i3 {9 X. k- B
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the: }% A# P" h6 ?2 d# g
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
W5 y' b5 B, Lcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series1 F: r' q7 v+ x
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in4 n- Z* V: q1 j6 W, R" K
Modern China.7 x* u7 w* M% M( G
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
0 S$ }4 {" C5 T' O& |The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
7 F5 S w5 \; }% C6 btravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
% L. i. K6 M# x# s8 z& @a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In: S0 B' R4 ` `1 h u
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
) G% p! D0 Y( J5 a% Y5 c% T9 U1 F) }Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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