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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106881 ~: Q% D6 k- E0 s% I& y( j
! b. ]" K: Z6 `- [; Z# e- e* T+ MJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
9 o& x# s6 Q' |0 r* u# i+ }" t+ EYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of; b; k4 B$ ]3 D! B& t! a4 s! n
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
% Y/ K) q" V$ Z' x: f; z) h5 f# c" F
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
& Q& R0 d4 }& b7 Z/ e5 w, JFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
# f! l. b) u3 H; r9 T R6 n( [7 H0 ?* V8 \
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
7 u# _; i" J, n+ r% r# Q6 uReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
+ R0 J, }7 p( sPublished online 26 January 2018! O, U7 j$ z; O, v$ v2 O$ q0 c/ S
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Abstract
/ t( {. Y- l$ P9 v& e0 MJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
0 |6 I0 M# ?. p! E: O4 HDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
7 t: P6 G, ~" w/ P( [0 e8 `5 DTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
" V- J# z# g: y2 Lengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
3 c$ b6 D! k p& ~only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
( R) X2 f( M9 e" x$ y Uworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
$ Y# F; r9 L/ Uto the standardization of the scientific terminology" B% Y* L$ I7 I
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
* F% R% ]2 `3 B7 a3 U4 Bscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
* C- {1 p! a5 R# }+ t1 |! P1 \and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
7 U% `- c- ^2 }standardization of the scientific terminology translation) h: o5 }4 v- k& n; ]; A
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien( r# N) G; q( Z* g5 q4 K
he established had helped greatly with the popularization! M5 g1 X+ H/ n; l
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring, a% W- K9 S; r! v
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way% L5 c1 k q+ r$ B6 T
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
! ~1 [# s4 z/ I. B5 P$ V7 r2 uthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a; O4 q# d* P! Y) a% _/ I
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
. }8 D: S' t3 o1 X# @2 G7 \6 Tterminology./ A5 V3 q: x9 r7 U
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
8 i3 y, T; i: o, `1 H, e$ j3 IStandardization of terminology translation# ]6 N: d3 \! h. q: V
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to0 x; a ` d# Z/ ]3 X C; H
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
3 t7 N5 F& \6 q+ r( E4 I; a uChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available' t+ L2 ^# @( E
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102136 X, q# z s! M2 R
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102135 Y' \8 f+ \, \" ]* L, k
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# Q. s" N1 g# A* C$ u i0 ~0 qINTRODUCTION* o- |- A! I6 c) E" j/ t. @8 K
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and4 ~ C2 j; ]- j: N2 ]; ]. `
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
: I" u1 m, y& I5 I- o9 J& bDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to9 [7 K6 b) c# i+ r3 m% E. i- a; u
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of. W/ t9 C* S/ W9 V" y+ C# Y
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed& T! X: ~/ W9 L0 o1 M& b: e; ?! _
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as4 ^/ `3 h$ A! v1 X+ K5 W# x0 o9 \
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on) r& H4 v& Q4 ^5 ^/ F+ ~* C# k7 o
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-6 p; |$ T, `+ O( R& q$ Q5 J
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
$ n- F4 V' y% f5 I- D7 q& bworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,7 _8 j: F1 |; |: R6 p: j' q. h# c
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
9 H, w: X" b- JNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
, O) _8 Z _3 q5 v/ X1 X3 x L& Uto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
) E5 w8 L0 M1 e5 Iwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
2 A7 f5 G5 m4 p! i v4 r6 A& drevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,. Z/ n7 I! U( e6 e5 y5 J
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western1 X- y5 h. R; ~/ K8 l- z
books that made him the most productive one among the
4 W, N) Q2 @* n6 \4 {% Dforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
& ?& U4 N# H; r6 \" o7 G) {translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a; z0 t$ [9 _/ x2 Q2 U) g
noble work which could help accelerate the process of& o: Y1 c/ c8 _% X p
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
8 T. p6 q+ I& YIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
2 t7 u3 X' ~3 }! [9 Q6 z# xalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western+ Z/ @1 M; c; X: c z
science and the standardization of translated scientific8 Q: ]: T/ ~, J' G2 ~- B
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
& F; _9 Y9 D- r' V3 ]6 Lmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
" h; W! {1 S$ M+ r V* Testablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
' h" S4 {" Y# H, s: F$ }contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
- y! X# {/ J8 k+ ]of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in1 z. y, Z: b1 [, g, F% u
Modern China.
* ? N* L/ z v8 d. bAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published" C$ [% k- ~. a
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of. O3 c- U* v5 U
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing `- o7 C& z2 V; G, D9 B, n' W
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In# [+ H$ K5 v" p% K" z, D# J
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
4 q8 t* {2 q/ f; fTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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