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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688) T4 e) n" I# L" I0 v3 H- _
1 \- S* ]& F4 h, K0 h K2 W/ w! aJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
) \& E) V# N- q9 `% rYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of6 `! E5 Z' ~' {- w9 e ?( x4 g
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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$ }) B0 [) `/ l; l/ s$ _, jLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of6 S( r9 X$ Z& M- g9 W1 _8 e6 ]$ j
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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: X9 o- `0 Q" G7 P/ B% i) b# uSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
, {6 `% S# `+ ]Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
5 |% a; Y2 p. ePublished online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
6 U. }) z, f/ vJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
- N1 T/ Z. Q+ e1 A0 @2 NDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
) _6 [; e$ S/ _Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been" y8 X! _# u. I& {4 w" O
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
# s/ t2 `& r, y0 y" z) a" H; yonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
" N, m4 n1 z) O p' ?# \works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly5 g0 g6 o2 G7 I: E$ S
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
& p B" r$ @; b0 m3 y1 \translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
6 n- A* \$ V6 C( h5 f( Fscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,9 K8 G* j% N3 `* j
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
2 Z6 Y% U7 O( i9 {: c# ostandardization of the scientific terminology translation8 z$ q b* I6 H; C6 C) N& R1 O
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien C$ T: X3 {+ `: u) W k5 ~
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
z; j. W3 u. Lof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
0 J G5 B' Y8 n5 @/ g! h" F) ~( Rthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way! X: Y% ^$ c3 v, u8 ?
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
+ N" r: C: K. N/ ~that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
2 R P1 }; R% V/ I3 [9 E0 s1 Xgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
) t `& d9 m+ W. O# M# |terminology.
6 p; \8 A9 m; @0 j CKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
, C) i5 L& u0 K \: oStandardization of terminology translation$ p% C( j, K8 {
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
) m. o9 _4 I) IStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern1 C+ O& @, x: x# s O" I0 B, G. H
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
! d6 o5 {0 ]' K5 v8 F2 y$ l6 xfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
8 S" }2 A( X4 U, h6 x+ p& P+ w& DDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213( M, f) D, u9 I+ \& B1 j/ _
$ |* M# S) ?4 \# R* `
$ I2 _+ F- ` U7 ]INTRODUCTION
, r; N- G! k9 J) ^* R3 ^ X5 [2 F0 {John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and5 X: r8 G! A! W% z
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).8 |$ R! s" `* [" {+ e7 d& K
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to) r4 {1 _! Z6 u& Z
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
# J% D: v% c8 q/ _3 P/ G. u) \St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed! N# Z5 f0 m2 J
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as9 r8 `' ?$ ~, Y: A
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
, a/ Z9 L/ }* c$ x+ R# Y7 X) this job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
4 O% r: R# v3 [9 }+ I9 t4 c+ k7 j1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
" r6 }8 [( Q( A: f' X5 Gworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,+ J! o7 R3 } ^
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
, [7 P2 X6 \. h/ z( o: |3 L+ ZNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
% i3 z3 p5 T9 Q4 f. Oto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
! g( e8 d4 E! Q8 ?5 ywould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,$ n& N, H2 v8 f# J- ~
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
$ L& _8 @; H9 p# j8 IFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
/ |& ~* P0 E% p2 r; m5 j+ Xbooks that made him the most productive one among the
; N+ J: ~! P! }" r3 eforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
/ E; B) L4 h0 Ftranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
1 g( f/ X/ d! {/ g; @ dnoble work which could help accelerate the process of) g# W$ j. V! O& T. Q9 W
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
, x, q7 L( K9 V q3 QIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
7 D( V% R2 [6 x6 F0 k- @1 U/ I4 Ialso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western9 K* e; p$ C1 F* p
science and the standardization of translated scientific
2 Q: p6 O* w: f8 x3 dterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
. `1 \3 x" b+ l! Lmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the j! Z7 f2 U% W8 p: Z8 u0 e
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another+ i: e( ?; R, S& ?' f/ k
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series2 R! O4 S! V* T. e6 f, ?( B
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in( q+ n5 F9 d0 {" r) l" C
Modern China.
( U6 a) l% s* [& _$ qAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
4 @7 t7 [, a% p TThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of/ T6 d4 H R! t/ S
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
1 p$ A* ?1 u5 Y: ~( N& A( sa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
3 R( O1 Y9 K$ Y. _) i% yJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
: Z5 G' j" m7 g. C* XTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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