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: g# {% ~9 c4 T* [, q; c8 O# Shttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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4 R9 S5 `' W* q+ A, F8 G5 v8 H7 rJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
* T" L5 k6 b7 c! J# z8 J# FYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
' m# R! L9 ]- Y. @. e2 zFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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" X+ x8 s/ W T7 I8 [LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of' V8 D }+ r$ [
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.* z' U3 u7 X: f8 R/ U* r
0 E1 n; [$ D2 {* y5 K% ]Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .# I+ \& W Z) K1 k/ f+ w9 x
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20181 A% d% y+ b" O- K, ~& p) C) p; l
Published online 26 January 2018) d1 J4 _) W0 _0 {* _; ^
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Abstract5 W4 w# M' g2 W/ |9 G
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing0 t1 _, o* v& H# r) d' ~
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The6 |9 @' N" m2 x% }0 j
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been9 n! b: _5 `- _
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
9 G# G9 J6 O; c$ r- k# j8 eonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
. h% O9 |/ {7 m6 Oworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly2 \! X/ Y3 q5 r' ?$ i/ p+ X2 k
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
' R) T$ P# o2 A3 r2 \1 n3 }translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
7 T# p y0 r' l2 x8 `scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,, z2 D: c1 Q$ O7 {) d
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the9 A" P5 e& n8 p5 |* x+ E0 s" ?4 ?
standardization of the scientific terminology translation& t9 O- d0 @" Q3 F t
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
5 b! F% v& d/ \( Qhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
* l/ ^3 V- [$ |7 S$ Eof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring/ z2 K2 U, }4 D6 U. g6 l {
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
8 s e' ?/ j1 v; O# lfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and9 q% Z& O; }7 R. c+ |, D
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a+ f/ j3 I9 Q2 y1 m$ m3 M7 W. ^
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
6 I2 z6 t# @/ F* f z) ?5 Qterminology.
9 E3 L' c ]+ l, e* |, }Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
- F7 Q" `" |* F& Q& p9 c, UStandardization of terminology translation- h c. h. H8 J4 e
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to" V; ]' G' J p- ~, |2 |- R1 c
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern& L- s7 ]9 a% K
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available/ _5 F9 u! P' i3 k" }
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
7 I0 A" {1 E7 c. _2 H3 r! jDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION( j2 r. G/ x+ |3 u
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
* S( ]) A' K5 k4 |0 Z ia great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
7 a: D3 f# e/ K& J) k; eDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to }6 `, l* }2 g' I/ m' G
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
& ~8 A% G2 g5 [( v! Z1 u! ISt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed( O8 Y+ b0 a( M/ x% [
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
2 W4 v) ?$ L3 B* r8 {an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
+ V0 T% X2 ~0 J! D6 M9 N( nhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-. W, y. l! n8 l K" P
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
. T4 R1 q& d$ Gworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,8 M1 e) @, ]' [6 p0 ?3 z7 i
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.6 [, P' V9 f2 n* c0 m- Y' A
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
/ \. t6 Y5 c: g# qto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
! D5 S. T F3 G1 K% a( ~would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,3 \5 r+ @ G( R% b
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means, {5 M* _5 V$ t" ]# p1 z
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western1 R4 t4 b0 ]) `5 z
books that made him the most productive one among the
. S, \4 V1 u5 ~+ b' X3 kforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,6 Y$ S6 f# t4 S! b0 m @
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
) R2 _6 c- n5 c0 x3 p3 e0 {noble work which could help accelerate the process of& B% C& c( B, l b, D1 W4 H5 ^
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
6 F( h$ J8 l" o( W8 _, C0 `. ^, \) _In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer" ]* L5 w/ X; @3 r# ^- i
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
! M, y I4 s! v+ g lscience and the standardization of translated scientific0 [! A6 v( J) Q- S; H! Y5 C4 n# v- Q
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
5 W) C1 J% m8 l3 w2 e3 `- Hmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
' J+ J. }9 P6 G8 Restablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another1 m+ P5 ` b! |, Z+ n
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series) K$ L. ]% o7 j+ h$ o: x
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in( p( U& ^, g7 t
Modern China.
- W: T6 m( N0 j* g/ H* EAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
4 e' V" v- L+ ]2 {9 I% y! v" q4 ^9 rThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of( m- q6 o) x3 r& V2 Y
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
) M; `8 C: x j: xa lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In3 Z$ `. X, B! T% I. Z: M( Q# o. o
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
E W3 J& @) d `Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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