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* o" R3 W6 O- D t* D( Thttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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9 X) }. @5 X9 q9 x4 XJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
$ D3 m0 Y Q; p. P3 u& l( gYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
. o: Y+ t8 {, ?/ ZFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
% _7 ^$ F& s1 q. Y
/ P6 I1 B+ Z; f1 a+ B& `LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of S$ ~* o9 K3 x! r! K
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
+ Z! e R4 f4 g' J1 l; U) ]* z- Q( Y9 Z; _3 H
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
0 l7 R5 @& A+ N2 \Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
2 u4 B" p# r% G' d3 Y. n$ hPublished online 26 January 20189 i) u2 M+ q& n; M- w
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1 c( k8 n4 M3 W' p* H; qAbstract, \6 k" k" A; S# Y3 r
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
# ~0 R( A/ P# o% I+ E! w3 y$ L+ mDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
4 e! @& R7 M& P. U3 j oTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been- ~/ s& h6 Q% ^8 P
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
0 q/ }' s# j; L1 c% A$ u6 fonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific, o, [2 I: T/ v% c1 y' B* _
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly1 c' I, V( H4 i4 X7 M; A) P7 T0 p
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
8 n# P, t) C' Z4 h& h& Ctranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s; ]+ _( F; k! ?; M
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
2 o2 C- G3 z' a$ f9 _8 M/ _and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the5 v; A6 d- L& R
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
3 r% D; e% R! G! Iin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien& O0 D; D5 @0 Z9 h: \+ I! Y: D
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
7 |9 _) g6 `6 I$ z! S: G: U: w3 @of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
' b0 c; n; y/ m9 D+ hthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way- G. u8 K/ b- q9 `! k& X
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and8 R/ e% u; R* j% m# N; h
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a z. ?. B, x6 K7 {6 z I
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific+ X# A, v1 i8 Y0 e2 u
terminology.3 q5 y8 p) U. ]
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;6 ?+ \: j$ D9 t$ k: _+ z5 c
Standardization of terminology translation
/ W* w7 k' Y0 B' n" |Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
) a! |9 f# x# k, E* b) p! x' T5 b% yStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern- l* x9 L; S' i( R
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
2 n7 P) r4 ]8 t/ v( Dfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213* I3 G, K% W2 E- n' o
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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% `0 m8 \( ~5 o4 QINTRODUCTION
: h" j0 c2 L p! rJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and1 }, c0 k. O6 ]* Q9 }# f, j- k V
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
3 x8 S4 J; ~. B# t" `Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
- ^" L% C* j; l& G" |! JHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of: Z2 l" j, G4 s# m+ x
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
5 q1 H; {, O A( k2 t4 Bby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as* Z- C5 g5 ?# k1 I
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on0 O5 |0 T' D7 G7 O# @' X% |, E! b
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-; x. L9 @+ ]! }6 X, l$ ?
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific% d& k! {0 R. k
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
1 n/ b0 f0 z( MFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.4 T9 R! M' I1 z2 s% f
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated2 c1 j2 t& |, L2 j5 p: c) w/ v! v: B+ T
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant+ E8 z' c! s/ ?& |
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,' n% w' `2 K9 a: a9 h
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,2 n; A8 M- y1 h9 f( {2 X
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
, |0 x7 _2 \' kbooks that made him the most productive one among the% ^4 u/ I I! t" O: a5 k
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
0 }- \. Q' d9 U% s- K/ |translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a/ l& ]+ C% i0 ^3 {2 }. }
noble work which could help accelerate the process of% C& S5 R X* F8 d% S
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).6 j+ m, S3 O& P9 u( M& a
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
. A# V p0 [. X" H: [also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western5 n; ?, y% ?* q1 V
science and the standardization of translated scientific4 z* b5 C; Y, s" D, N0 K
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific% e$ o* ]2 S4 [1 K9 X( z; D
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
# |! R3 t4 r8 b& ^5 destablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another ~( |8 q" s6 S
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
0 T7 w$ {; _+ C' P n0 wof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in, A5 V7 C( L8 m
Modern China., R* C9 i# W# H! ^( y, a
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
2 X! T) x; [5 n' e. TThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of( I* P. _: B2 C. \+ d
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing5 m! ]( `/ i, W! ^6 K
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
; Z/ E7 Q" A% `% SJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and n) Z; ^3 G* M0 S' Y
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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