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5 X7 {7 p# r5 m& w( Khttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
4 R0 {; G% _# h$ V" @2 Q4 CYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
5 r! ]( y2 f8 f5 t1 kFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.$ L, c0 V+ }( c5 F2 ? ?
; A2 C z5 D5 U+ |4 zLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
6 q q8 T; P9 E3 Z7 C; x kFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
) j, x4 G. m$ {8 ^! f; H$ T. Y3 b! @/ q, n# E2 I6 [
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .0 G) E7 H" Z9 |5 _2 G+ G3 r' [
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
6 h$ @: @/ L+ D) kPublished online 26 January 2018
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: J' ^2 f( ~( M$ q9 B Z: SAbstract
( t9 k5 V& I0 a }. ]: ]0 VJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing: n4 ^9 } ]- ?+ t( U
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The+ c' Q/ u" m+ ^ g
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been7 K* e, ~, \+ \: g
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
1 i3 J. m% ~: M3 } L/ ]only having translated a great deal of Western scientific5 N, V7 ?$ Y, e- A4 R% F* ]; W, `+ Y
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly7 N9 K% ^, i6 k. r L
to the standardization of the scientific terminology/ c3 Q- F7 Y4 i v i
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s7 E. M$ X0 x& b4 y0 e7 K
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,' X, t7 \% r% n/ e. s3 s* o
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
. q$ z- b7 K/ p) k( o0 w/ v4 }) J/ L# Cstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
+ p) y; Y' j$ qin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
- x9 n3 z* `/ ghe established had helped greatly with the popularization" ^& t3 y6 [" z$ _7 _9 Q- [
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
6 X, ?& c2 j- o+ t" X% mthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way: q& ]$ K" X! W2 C& T
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and2 t" q( R) ^. D. }
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a, J6 ]* @1 ~, o4 x$ k$ l
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific# _ \ `; M# n0 i8 A9 W
terminology.
i( r, V" S- b& w0 a6 Q8 YKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
& R7 }! A* l: m3 M" J- HStandardization of terminology translation
7 X5 g, g, S( a: L( ^! NYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to. X, r7 d- y2 [' q: W( a, u" L# k
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
* \+ c L/ \$ f# j7 i# m# z. aChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
; K3 }% K* V* S6 Dfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
! W. D* E/ K( Q$ R5 v2 NDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213 i5 {. W# d" O' E) q+ t; c
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INTRODUCTION
/ x* N* V# C& b3 U& @8 l$ XJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and0 a; z( i, C7 \ L0 z: M
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
( n5 `( P* m ^- g! }Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
" ]) s% }8 V |Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of* t4 m2 F P( E M/ w& B
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed7 l3 r- Y7 ~; g9 b
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as: U6 f/ {) Q( U2 C1 v# Q0 i- O3 @
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
. k- N" Q% n$ e3 phis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
/ W H5 c- ^% K) R- |5 n5 r1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific' W6 n' c; U) }3 M. e
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
& r( ]" f5 g( w3 m9 Z) I$ o: JFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.6 P; N, A F" _+ ^* X
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
" Y% V4 c+ p! J2 `7 e; F3 ]to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant$ ?% `5 z" {; a5 M0 G' G
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
2 e' t/ N5 J/ Yrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,2 z0 L3 i7 `, X
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
6 j* M9 h; o# q% }1 L$ _: cbooks that made him the most productive one among the* } A# ?: [1 T1 z' q$ Y. `2 t4 C
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
7 T$ g! W l2 q; J1 ?translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a8 r/ Z1 k, t2 @8 J9 s; g
noble work which could help accelerate the process of- M' m( t% Z6 G+ o, D2 p
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
f+ t. | l/ O( }# P& t& WIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer* b5 j. k8 r6 O( p. e. ]8 g) V# |
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western' W6 K+ r( u' z' \# q
science and the standardization of translated scientific
! z' k# U0 f) ~( T, Iterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
1 B& `1 c# _, y) g5 e, L& ~magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the/ c2 z( ], [! c% X2 n2 K3 g
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another U- P% l" {$ o& X6 ~
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
- Y3 d+ @' N9 U6 ]9 j* e3 s6 Gof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
: {7 p, L4 u* a: wModern China.. Z, ?9 P# f& _! q( U6 m n
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
1 x! T" p) c# PThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of* Q% C1 ^# S* V7 ~6 F, R1 ?- K' o
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing3 i2 f0 H* v! f X) o. N" n& b( b
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In. x s- m# p' q1 b8 K7 v& G/ y
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
& V6 X. N6 ^6 E+ J. l8 ETechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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