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How to figure a home's fundamental value
/ l# s$ B2 y4 n% y$ f e+ ?( FLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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- m0 C- c" d$ h# |( K- F6 D @Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.* b+ ~' |; ?% X: x0 Y k8 G4 K
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:4 H/ J2 c. H4 x5 O" L7 J! V1 p
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8 k1 J/ ~/ R8 m; M6 ?* G: J" HIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
5 m8 x9 k# w3 S, @San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.9 j. F& W; |- u0 o6 R; Q7 l* D: m4 ^: S
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.; X/ [# v, Q# U5 \
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. - ~4 g( Z. p" R& @, {+ {6 c
8 e* `4 t+ b" CIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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& N K' I+ E5 D( J% ]0 LIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.2 [* T$ g) K6 L3 O' V
& Y: `0 y9 B, u1 B) y- @" z; V Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
/ W8 g. r5 W% w* u Avg. 1988-2000 2001 * Y$ ~1 Q& F* p% t- h6 ^0 ?" m r8 I
Boston 20.5 30.2
$ q, G1 [9 P) u( a6 U6 B8 u& DSan Diego 22.8 29.7
9 g- h; w7 e1 Z8 x% ~6 VSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 & C2 ?3 A( M$ Q) H
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
& F b2 e7 Y! @: x9 H9 mSeattle 20.4 25
& a7 f% o u. j& [! V% cDenver 17.7 23.7
2 h6 L# L7 z9 f9 `New York 21.2 22.5
" s: ]$ g3 Q* Q3 R, L* L9 yChicago 17.2 20.8 ( k, M+ |4 \9 f: m
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 % I" k, k) v3 A9 q6 {% ~
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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