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How to figure a home's fundamental value7 Q: L4 g1 ~- y( q4 \ J# `) h- W* J
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued. e! u3 b& L$ {6 K6 x2 i
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:$ D- [" L- t0 _4 V
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.5 R% b# n) J" A b! K3 Y0 {
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.7 q6 P1 _% A- h1 @9 d9 t( d- G
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.% S4 l! @' C9 S( W
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.& ~0 S* X6 ?" C1 w( a/ @! z+ O* ~
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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0 c; p9 Q" b7 K/ W9 ~) h7 F. KIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.- f# Q( w- Y* B" `0 F0 Q( j
; k, B! D3 T2 O7 \$ G' y0 b' ~8 gIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.4 y: y5 F) d& r6 C! O8 j
, E) l4 I% L% d- S6 Y6 m Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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5 {. l" H6 {0 p* L6 QBoston 20.5 30.2 % x+ p5 |" I$ P! R( D
San Diego 22.8 29.7 L4 ~% M1 `/ w! J1 m; i( `
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 . L# _$ Q; K; F7 g2 k( @6 @
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 , B! N2 E! \) X/ M3 V* l9 S
Seattle 20.4 25
3 m/ ]9 H4 E4 O% B' M% oDenver 17.7 23.7
6 i# R% A. J& Y" Q4 r, `0 v) ZNew York 21.2 22.5 . E7 a2 e4 ?( \3 [
Chicago 17.2 20.8 " U4 q/ e* {' q) u. j0 P
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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1 C# j) {0 y' ]" `2 k7 T LFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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