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How to figure a home's fundamental value* g/ p9 b- p3 A0 m$ P4 Z5 t4 p8 v
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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9 o ^ z3 p. l0 |+ cNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed." {0 P0 l- |8 n3 h2 J
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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* Z( I' a1 n# STo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:" S- ?# _! L8 b, h
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9 O* P. {. Y( GIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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! G7 _' j. P7 ]% h8 ]* M/ NSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
* H6 p3 @% @5 H- ?) F f) zSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
. n6 b, [9 K' ?9 FNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
6 y% N0 ^1 P; P* s' h) iYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.& Y* H9 e: e" f
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas & ~3 o6 n4 K: _$ t
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 & x6 t) k$ G6 ~/ e$ t& _
Boston 20.5 30.2 - V( c. l m$ R* \' G9 h8 x! {* W
San Diego 22.8 29.7 . T5 w1 s1 X5 J* h [
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 1 G$ W; j) E: S4 g8 M3 {" }
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
" l. D3 p% Y. N) n" bSeattle 20.4 25
" A1 o0 a( C' |2 ?* h5 U0 VDenver 17.7 23.7 $ Y$ ^$ ~0 s! U: Q+ P. B
New York 21.2 22.5
& d& k- t- s7 j) W4 p# k" oChicago 17.2 20.8 ( ^5 U4 J( `3 S) G
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 - G6 C; M2 Q+ ^0 F# d
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6 r3 x9 [0 a" J" F# p! f9 E# ]It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.5 N$ E( x; E# {! u. a6 E
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% L. `- G' ?" sFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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