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How to figure a home's fundamental value
0 ]5 k' T! a9 w' |% C KLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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# O7 _( g4 X* w2 ~ S- x5 R$ @( q: uNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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/ |8 C$ a" U5 N% z" ?To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:/ B6 E h. Q- Y# E& i7 \, r! t \
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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9 e* c5 b# M1 \San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.: l+ A) e* |6 z; n
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.7 Y7 ?( K& v' N2 P; U
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
: x9 |2 c3 n3 ?1 \+ a9 |You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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8 ~* d1 A+ S, iIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.' q5 D! }* y0 c2 a) z- n
% X" y8 b8 U* K9 y; ^6 OIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
: r N3 g% V( d* L; { Avg. 1988-2000 2001
1 j: W3 }1 i/ hBoston 20.5 30.2
6 f( D* }+ u$ _% y& WSan Diego 22.8 29.7
! F; Q7 g! O( \+ `San Francisco 23.8 27.2 & v. O# Q) C, }2 c! G
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
" V, b& o4 b/ kSeattle 20.4 25
, s' X2 l2 t, d/ R6 E! }/ NDenver 17.7 23.7 9 b) b$ _+ s6 @
New York 21.2 22.5 " o, E" y/ n6 {2 |( _4 c, C7 _
Chicago 17.2 20.8 $ C6 o6 l% T0 @+ N6 A( [6 ^- R+ x4 L
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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4 G E7 P8 Q1 P. P$ D, MIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.: m4 y* A( V9 |& y D: s
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' t* P9 W; `, w3 r( c% ?* ]* ?6 i/ sFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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