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谈英语俚语2 P& I8 `9 ]5 M+ F2 R% p2 R' N) B
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯 G) [- S, R( Y! L$ ?; j" N
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
) c0 u" S1 I7 _, d若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:& L: ~7 v) [/ G, g. C
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。$ T: R2 S8 S) j u+ \' f( c- t% l
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
C/ `1 s! }* [" y7 b( x例如:4 |4 X1 Y! [4 \" q/ T1 _8 O
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.5 ]$ J' l0 f1 S8 {2 z5 Q4 Y3 K
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)9 l& J- n$ |0 P+ i
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
! ~2 {1 w! L2 n; h/ X, v5 ?; U(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)& x1 O2 X0 F3 J# h& D$ z
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
8 u' J! }, v7 I( H1 X" VThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.) r. G& \, H4 E+ b# X: U8 U
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
; r9 o, n( i, Q/ @4 {3 {1 R(2) fair-haired boy:
1 ~7 {: V* ~) x' E( T, |* z% v指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
" |( M `9 `( G( @9 J(通常用单数,当名词用)
' m. L5 @- }& u6 x例如:
# U+ ?4 }% o+ ], } {& m. qMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
% }% ]8 n3 o+ c9 T- f( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)- h7 i5 s( q0 H& y: X8 i& O
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.2 D, F$ M5 n/ q
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)& T8 B; }7 `9 K g1 l( p
有时也可用复数:
6 c0 H& Y: l* O+ V2 `& {Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.- |3 v9 {$ m& \ l4 I9 p+ f
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
( O/ F. z0 G, O3 UFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
: O3 C5 D+ m7 L" q(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。) c/ u, Z. G. M) ^
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法) k& K- W, |" G }9 L
(3) fishing expedition:
d# U$ X5 _. i6 u3 w, Q: \为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)7 x: \$ }$ y- ?" q$ w1 f
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
( ?' p& G' v( Y4 N; ?! [6 u" b例如:
3 F/ J* B% j+ d* X) m2 aThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
$ c# a0 T' ]! p; f# }$ F(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)
6 ?# v6 E* k' ^7 a9 fThe police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.7 L+ q# k h5 H3 J; f
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)7 Q) R( @8 }: N' k4 L8 ?
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
5 o# l; [0 ^& DThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.( g J( j3 j( ~4 p7 X; J/ j2 I
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
x3 w4 J2 p. M偶尔也有人用复数:
F7 H* Q# x0 Z' b- V! cSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
) W$ t! Y8 l. c, Y8 \4 b(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)+ e6 L1 y7 m* a' K! Y- r5 L
(4) filthy rich:
1 @$ Q1 @$ X! `; _意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy); T, U7 e6 } s# f" f0 p! S. X
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
, [, U c9 a. O2 _% n多半当形容词用。例如:4 {7 {) w+ u, C0 V4 R3 T
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
' p- P+ K/ B; @9 K& R' J" i* z( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
0 ?; v& _* R! f4 b ]$ SDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
6 P% C! d) |3 L1 k( a(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
% E; a" |* l1 oA filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
+ n' z& ^, U# ]* r(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
5 j0 T/ J5 [, f( P& P/ uFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.6 K v. S: L3 i0 @) B
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)
2 P" |4 l' B, y9 {& G% V: m$ t. l(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
# w* w( `; I0 I8 v9 O(5) fairy godmother:8 Z, g( j/ r- j+ c4 u2 t* h
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)- m6 m' R* ?8 S4 w* }
(多半指有钱的女人)
0 k5 u0 z& r( w' d(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:1 ^( N3 N6 M* s( S2 _ h
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
! L8 K% @& A) U7 p(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)7 o% ?9 t/ [) p
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
@% r3 H: C! p$ L n! E4 @2 J* J- t(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
3 d {. O2 w1 X1 n有时也用复数:
( k+ v) d- n- a) ~Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.
) b) i2 S0 F/ r& _7 G- k# `(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)' j' b) ?0 G1 \$ k
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
9 c0 L' A; R' s1 H5 l& r(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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: m9 n2 a- n; r2 T6)eye opener:/ F- O5 R5 N8 e
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion); p1 K/ u$ N& ?+ o6 x- g. |3 w
(当名词用;通常只用单数)
/ Q# S: ^( o: ]7 Z3 D例如:
I' n: ^# Q1 W$ A$ i+ iYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
2 v/ J; N5 i$ b3 |& s4 l1 i(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)$ O/ B4 ?+ m% ]% W; e# }; ~4 v' e
Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener. x$ l, @& L Z I( |% y4 G! C
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)8 m8 t9 N. \" q
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants./ Q. V! P9 h6 u4 c- h
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)7 a: D" }6 n& ~4 a* c' |
Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
2 ~9 a2 E3 S% c8 t; [(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
0 @% G$ _' Z1 A0 Y* z& D0 ~(7) hot dog:+ L! ]4 n: h- n% f
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)) {# ^" G! ~; P( I! V0 a6 ~4 T
例如:+ O' c& e6 t* J
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.$ A! h9 w R* J
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
& b2 v) s+ Z1 o( Z! n) C+ ?& g(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)1 C' }6 k, W8 D* {# r
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
1 n: F3 K' R* d8 n& x) {$ }(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
; d5 C" w% n% s% l% V(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
" w1 a6 Y. {1 U/ D/ iDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
$ J4 Y* q4 }+ I5 w; ^0 \+ m(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
, e( I; h5 l. X* K( n也指真正的热狗食物:& U( X6 r& O' P* ~
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.% V% r, r j1 x; m0 d
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。). Q& F1 ?9 g. H. t- I( E6 l% O$ u1 \
也可表达欣赏的心情:
9 u5 ?( t. F# g4 ?2 t6 R# v/ |Hot dog ! What great news for me.
0 ?; _- E& }2 u. ^: [0 B% J' h(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
) P5 g6 f- C/ }( r g% C(8)eager beaver:) o l" D* V7 `, @( ~: ]
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)4 G. F' A1 _5 q8 |0 d7 P
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)% R# A( W7 A0 o2 a& g" C
(当名词用,可指男女)0 i6 h" V8 S& o9 e) U6 i2 R3 F
例如:6 C" Y) R+ }+ y: M. n
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
3 O* j- ]) x' c(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。); T. ^1 l# s ^4 V; ^
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
7 t! G4 X3 w8 w; s1 s% v(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。) z- r2 P n. w, m
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?/ I0 l* B% g$ j4 O4 Y) j0 r4 Z
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
! T& C7 ^- b. r0 }You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
' D! ?6 ^( W7 o- |# _, O/ Q' M(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)! v1 i" ^1 w: ?8 o
(9)doubting Thomas:/ ^, R8 u7 u% o; N7 a+ C0 W
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)
! D3 T# u! @1 L( b. ]4 D$ L(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
s, R9 p6 ]* \; A& r! U(当名词用), j) W. r% o- b7 V
例如:
, h. v2 g, Q3 I" D F& mI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.4 K" z" c2 [8 o4 R" k8 @
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)% c( c# |0 U+ e" h* `1 I2 C
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.: h! c, d$ s1 `+ q2 U O5 d3 P
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)9 P9 [$ f: n. K
也可用复数:
4 p0 U. k+ }# y; mMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.% |! D3 S( Z6 ~5 p) i: [9 a3 y; x
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)9 c" }: C; t d: v- C
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
q7 i0 }- n4 Z1 ]9 S4 ~(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
; g7 ^2 `8 d9 h! C( h(10)dragon lady:
& S; U7 _* K: L$ R2 v指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
3 I$ V& d' Y* j3 W7 H, h0 ]例如:
% h8 a, i; y1 ]& f, F0 ~% _: wThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
* W( S" u! K! n* h( w: q4 S(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
N3 R" a; O: a4 R9 P4 y% i( EI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.* ~4 v9 t1 i. u5 d: |
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)( e& o3 ~& C2 w! l' `, T
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?: q- r0 d7 ^4 Y' H) V/ Q! B
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)! R% m' }+ W5 S6 H2 y; m7 {; Y
也可用复数:
* {9 F( y9 x! o; b% KThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.
" W3 k7 }: Z: A6 O- q(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
! Y3 j) {. T9 P5 i+ i注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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