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- X+ \! \# P9 p3 \6 Q/ I8 f 这个全：
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! C, \3 X' u9 R6 N, i J& }Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?! |* `4 A1 r2 T0 |
! H9 l, \* m7 e7 BBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
5 i. B( I* k; RBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
9 M& b* I& l; DThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.* c0 [; Z# g3 E, l- y
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.6 {( B9 ]7 c$ z( f
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
& T( F2 G* E" G N; Z {" N% PThe country codes used are :) q& t: L# J4 ~8 S6 `6 J
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CODE \COUNTRY
2 N# ?( j K+ X( D; Y00-13 USA & Canada4 \3 _+ x2 |9 R- [; X
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
' j) f5 i* g5 H* J. V0 V% \* m30-37 France% b1 l1 ^3 V! Q: F. p r! u
380 Bulgaria2 T6 n$ L' V/ i+ \- |# U
383 Slovenia
* U/ Q% W6 A. ~2 D9 X' S385 Croatia
2 }7 Q3 t; G# f387 Bosnia-Herzegovina6 b. H$ {1 k, d
400-440 Germany
! ^' `7 t; M# v: U8 R' k; h45 Japan) y4 `. ~8 {; t7 G
46 Russian Federation) G; L' f5 y2 }5 e+ J
471 Taiwan9 u" R3 j# F4 P! k& v
474 Estonia2 c: l8 y3 A$ s8 {1 l
475 Latvia
: m/ Z$ D4 o# q; t* i476 Azerbaijan5 Y$ H; O2 m* }: F/ l
477 Lithuania% @! ~4 k3 ^( W7 v8 i9 ^
478 Uzbekistan
/ A+ P$ y0 o t" p5 G479 Sri Lanka; s. l1 \+ }3 d% i' v
480 Philippines
& A* d" {: G3 b" C- B+ ~481 Belarus( ?' U& ?' ^: N8 \
482 Ukraine
& G- x/ e- C/ G' f2 X% [484 Moldova
. _) z/ z" j" Y0 T8 `$ Y485 Armenia
1 |+ r" S0 F* ^9 ^( v486 Georgia
- @: X/ x8 j0 }" v487 Kazakhstan. l2 N3 ?( u2 l3 a; z" h
489 Hong Kong/ O' c7 T! E# ~! D( J. ?' ~5 x
49 Japan
5 U6 S! O# n8 h6 r' {9 A2 e50 UK } ^5 S5 B. J) K8 x/ K# s u
520 Greece
) @) d' b2 A: z, _5 b* { [2 y/ t528 Lebanon
) F- x; [3 c- j0 ^9 Y529 Cyprus1 f8 V9 h1 U3 m" X! }3 I8 e; ]: w
531 Macedonia
j% j( f- z% [: O+ A/ S+ L535 Malta4 [: H* R$ y* t4 J- w4 K
539 Ireland
3 \+ z& J$ F1 j; F54 Belgium & Luxembourg
7 x- P5 ~2 F3 y7 |; c8 |560 Portugal
7 ^. P8 z; _2 N! U+ S569 Iceland, X( l3 {. W8 }, b3 K/ M
57 Denmark, \3 h; N: B; D1 u {; }1 i% H
590 Poland
. r* p; S0 f( j594 Romania* Q: T8 F. @; b+ A% e5 U3 M. Y# Y
599 Hungary9 }/ m0 B4 |# S
600-601 South Africa. M/ M( Z& g! O
609 Mauritius/ m5 V* |- }; T% e7 a. s. V
611 Morocco( d! T% U( T- N8 [5 `
613 Algeria2 _8 @6 ]( B! ~4 W5 T6 G4 |2 f
619 Tunisia; |, R1 Q" s' _ g
621 Syria% V4 j: }( p; \% K7 u% H6 m
622 Egypt n' U# J; e6 ^1 }" S( M* |
624 Libya3 q( _' h0 j$ H5 X: j0 q$ c
625 Jordan! i5 S4 d2 C; I* \- n7 W
626 Iran* p: C+ Y: m) O6 y
627 Kuwait9 N6 c/ q3 e5 `/ q1 X5 i }/ c
628 Saudi Arabia
1 J [$ G4 r) W; Q4 E: k8 N629 United Arab Emirates
* M' O9 e, }4 u5 }* x( A5 N/ q64 Finland6 D6 S+ |2 f9 K3 [2 `' l
690-692 China7 K3 ]4 W* h4 z
70 Norway* y2 t9 Q b5 ~# h: Z
729 Israel0 ~' V( Q6 H1 R4 z) e6 j4 `
73 Sweden2 n8 ?' f! M' S7 Y
740 Guatemala
' I+ [8 m0 S( J' X4 s741 El Salvador- { _" o b8 c# u9 I' _6 {
742 Honduras
( a' Q0 t0 K8 S9 [* F743 Nicaragua! D$ I) ^& M$ X @
744 Costa Rica
+ W" f2 q3 ^& M+ F9 O745 Panama
8 _; D) a) ]$ s1 @; F) P5 Z4 k746 Dominican Republic
: }6 S, Z8 G# ~8 `# [8 @# X, s750 Mexico
& ]2 ^9 C a3 Q& @; B8 T# R759 Venezuela: m% H# [& C; W- k% A7 s
76 Switzerland7 N! J5 N3 ~ h& h% V' v* L/ E
770 Colombia" B; X e: }# a+ y
773 Uruguay% q) N! ^" \2 L& k. q6 W& W7 X( H
775 Peru4 R" M8 y5 D6 N
777 Bolivia8 c5 m3 F4 e `# X6 P1 g1 N2 A
779 Argentina) n' U8 u( u! X. D
780 Chile
% v T/ _0 M) b. A3 q) y784 Paraguay
% G8 O) r& N6 R% l! D1 H. B, M785 Peru% o) O$ n( w) G( ^+ d
786 Ecuador9 A9 _" W/ e2 E3 p8 P6 z- c
789 Brazil
! }- P: U4 T" W, F80-83 Italy
# G1 k* k4 a; ]84 Spain+ l4 L4 r$ m/ s9 X7 `% C
850 Cuba3 m# @, J: S" E# ]( b4 m
858 Slovakia. M. `* \ c( w( v2 n) M
859 Czech Republic
) v% Z- B2 I* }860 Serbia & Montenegro6 ?5 i8 v7 c0 k0 E7 F' L
869 Turkey% ~( o0 V: x# _. N, }+ O2 i
87 Netherlands
: G% b& [! D" \: c. p880 South Korea9 `6 g, o! [5 H# L6 S
885 Thailand
- S" \$ h( v2 P: h# }7 Z! Z, x888 Singapore( M- {; ] Q- U/ i) [$ F
890 India6 ?+ O) ` ^0 u6 o2 @ C+ ?/ W/ K
893 Vietnam
}0 A0 O4 V8 Y, k! v899 Indonesia
% T" n) M0 N G# C$ ]! w' S90 -91 Austria
3 {! q9 `* e( k; ^9 l1 W4 b9 h93 Australia
3 d5 L; G1 [( C5 n94 New Zealand: W9 v) g9 L6 X3 ]3 Z3 l5 j5 P
955 Malaysia ]9 ?' o e3 e8 \
958 Macau8 j8 c+ e/ \' O- F5 k
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
$ `: G& g+ @ ^4 b% T& B1 G978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
# Z+ I5 E: O& I- Z3 J" e9 ]# V979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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