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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑
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. H$ W5 t0 b; t2 J8 z, WThe Flap5 P, ~0 i) w+ _' k7 ?3 \
4 m2 a+ b7 n% R; \- X3 p" J6 N; v
A flap occurs in three situations.
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
: |7 _+ u" b* X" [3 l6 K' }      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.
" A, \! y+ G0 H$ U! H3 t1 [0 Y* q                                     
( R+ g* Y. ]: Y! a+ x0 p2 M: I9 v         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
9 Q' K4 o& ^  B5 B                                     
4 O3 z2 M4 U( i# ~8 a                  1 ~1 f9 V$ O2 N0 c. I
  water becomes wader4 J9 Z$ ^  {5 I: J" C) Y
  Do you need some water?
1 P( H3 b! D  O# U' ^                  6 ~% B% R+ x3 i8 [9 U8 `
  letter becomes ledder/ q! \! l; Y8 ~) Z% T4 {
  The letter was in the mailbox.
- A) }; W  N. K+ [                 
8 D% e5 e  p/ K  bottle becomes boddle
, g9 D4 b( N3 j. C  The bottle broke when it hit the floor.
7 ^7 i. ]; J* g2 ~9 d* U: k7 E9 p                  ( K2 L4 V+ L" A1 b
  butter becomes budder, Y5 f+ E, Z) P, R" u* ]& X
  The butter melted in the sun.
, K0 O& S1 c6 S                                     
: R9 s8 }7 t& r* Y, W4 X  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
3 B' R& J. Q9 M" Q& M% b0 M      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth
2 t  H; o  _8 o( u      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce( O, V. z' b9 S$ ^& b# W
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very  i1 Q% X# ^) {- m. B5 T
      quickly.    ; e6 |$ z$ Y, \
                                    ) d- V$ ~/ l! D  g
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
/ j) `7 a; K' d4 M, m8 N: L                                     
- h% g; @) D: m7 i# `0 h% U; k                    medical        She is a medical student.  @; D5 t- T8 @# l
                   sediment            
; t+ A: _4 z- l3 }" EThe sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
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+ L( n/ p: i, j/ q. X                    cadence            5 {- O* y3 c. ]0 Q" \
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.( R( I0 K. |' {+ @" c# W
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                   cider         This apple cider is great.
: q4 S" P; }" {: Q                    spider        A spider has eight legs.7 O( `7 K! D6 X; q7 f8 j
                                    ( \9 _! C- r3 ?9 L& q) Y# }
  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the
: q2 V! U, Q% N* z, S/ O& N/ A. t! g       next. (see section on linking)
4 }! F" N/ y1 m' r* Y+ x                   5 J/ S/ J; L% i. ~% @+ E9 Y
        Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
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4 i' ?9 x1 m# r6 f            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way
0 q; @8 [- K' B3 \0 U4 s( ~          I'll get your bags right away sir.
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                  3 b' ^6 h0 v" g! y0 y# c! R9 M
           'what if' becomes whad dif
) |+ @  X9 y2 a. @, {- c: A7 a/ r' W          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
8 w# ~& S% G  n7 \/ N0 ~
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; X- h# F) C# d2 O8 S" W" w$ w/ z7 r                   - }( d; L/ Y4 j% M, s2 O/ k- l
            'might I' becomes migh(d) di          5 b0 L' S4 X3 K# ]
           Might I suggest a new tie?
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) \  d$ L6 Y( f, N# r. B : ?. Z  p6 k/ ]8 Y, l  R
                  
: {4 F2 H7 J, g8 g        
8 \, |! R! j# H4 U8 \) R2 L3 k% rNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
% C1 |6 u1 ^  g          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop  O1 s" M" n1 k1 D( q( V# `. a
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When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.% [* \7 D8 U) o2 t. g
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                           1 g, w0 Q7 W: u8 u8 a' }! d
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
' F/ i, y7 _8 @8 q5 c                            - \) }' A# m4 `: {6 c7 h0 y9 ^) l
       
( n- L: G, M2 O  P2 y  r    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
7 R1 C4 f" N" k/ N/ E$ l" @   Have you eaten yet?8 B& Y/ H" E& B/ Q8 z& i
        0 P# y2 ?' A6 N9 V% ~! P) \  F& g4 W
    'satin' becomes sa'n  - r" [1 U$ U# L& m/ S( D6 y
   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.
& r0 H. P* I# }" @( {) U0 ^         8 U1 }+ r4 y/ w5 I: ]* x+ w1 c
    'sentence' becomes se'ence
5 O. Z$ J- [  a   This sentence makes no sense.. t4 d4 F% `6 M- e+ v2 H3 {6 c
        9 P" H. p, {+ [) h+ O
    'mountian' becomes moun'n    ! G- S7 h& r* U& q, H8 ?& T
   I'm not much of a mountain climber.* ?. y" K7 z5 }2 a7 C& J
        ( ?5 i& l# o, S9 x0 m0 P, E
    'getting' become ge'n        9 A5 s( @9 N% G
   I'm getting to old for this.+ o8 H- I+ k. }7 o/ }
        ) y4 u- O& A+ ]- \( x1 P
    'button' becomes but'n    7 S5 f% \+ t; w0 f1 \1 X( k1 @
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't) o/ S/ S+ k4 x2 p- j& X' X

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In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
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   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.: p0 v+ n0 ~3 T) v) Q
   Then the word is used in a sentence.
) M# z) ~2 d0 a7 U4 y5 q' U7 k                                              3 h3 R2 M( i+ `; p% n+ |2 V
       
7 w" C9 C* h# L% ^) A  E" S   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  : n; V) F# Y5 }
   We can swim in the lake.
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   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
( L: E  Q0 t4 Q7 f" E   I can cook pizza.; ~; J& u1 y6 x7 r. @0 j" O$ ]
2 ?2 j# Q1 M" S* `6 k
5 n) P/ L" ?0 F; J7 W
       
1 \2 t$ w% L7 |* E. f0 r   'She can read' becomes she kn read  + Z, C! @3 I) K4 d/ i
   She can read Italian and Russian.4 \# J9 t0 v9 I2 b" Q

) c" n3 r6 {' m0 C( | 2 `" K4 k" b# ~. G7 @
       
* s. P1 F- h; R$ Y   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.  R3 C/ w- d7 o* f  @
   They can ride on the roller coaster.
8 R6 B0 W+ ~! a5 @7 X2 o % j# W( A2 s. X' D6 T3 E, b" U
                                             
! Q) }) Z* r( d. @+ sIn the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
" m. j. ~+ E( t+ g2 K& \                                              
% Z: m2 ?' U$ N- N0 T2 R   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main; {2 m& ~% x; ^2 c5 i
   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.$ o2 }# q" G1 V# J6 ]8 L% z, r
                                             3 U  J: w1 y; I# H. v4 n
       
8 S& m3 D, m2 D$ @. H+ j# ]3 `* G# T  'We can't go' becomes # i& H* V7 E( s4 @# c; W$ v- ?
   We KAN' GO.  
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; ^0 Y* X, p' nWe can go to the movies.( ]* O2 @( N: T9 U2 q0 @
We can't go to the movies.! m" `! `7 O# }3 Q: X) D# c
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        ; K, _) f* h, \  m" Y8 I! m
  'Larry can't speak' becomes
! ~4 I0 `" I8 j! I   Larry KAN' SPEAK.
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8 a+ O% k9 {3 W& B: N& _3 wLarry can speak French.
' l9 s# X1 U/ w5 u; |3 v, YLarry can't speak French./ q7 |/ p: t" D1 E! w/ W6 f
1 f/ U: n* V/ H- \2 O+ F) g
       
4 D8 N% |0 w! y: ^% e; r+ Z4 ]2 s  'She can't do it' becomes
% A( I; p! K4 J6 e   She KAN' DO it   
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She can do it.
. W" z' F2 w% L. zShe can't do it.
4 ], B& D, m' {% J 7 T  g8 i8 G  C" h8 m
       
- Z, M& P1 e( b- |7 d9 a8 o  v  'Some people can't sing' becomes; c" [& Y, q9 X
   Some people KAN' SING
, Z5 {1 W. x; a7 i( NSome people can sing.
* M% h0 K* T& Z/ V, w' U% D; wSome people can't sing.
* j1 T" y7 f7 r9 i7 k2 _
: |, F0 F4 z* D1 K                                              
* G1 r. t0 w  C6 o7 OIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)' ]; E# H% g4 F% r5 P
                                             6 r* o6 y3 w* k4 u
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.) j' j1 m/ j, ?: |
   Then the word is used in a sentence.
0 m& I% S2 [9 o+ b" t% a                                              3 \  l! h  G4 h4 L7 M( ?* i
       
+ n( V- c, J6 W" Q3 K/ i2 h: r   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)7 p3 ^  L9 O$ m. J/ ^4 q
   We can't attend the concert.: q# d2 \: ?$ @3 d% Q
          y* I5 V( V& G$ V% F
   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)7 \$ v/ k8 V/ r- E2 v; D( c
   Wally can't invite her to the party.6 b3 _" `) x3 o6 s4 F/ G0 L
        8 F  u$ l" \2 z- O- Z  J9 L
   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)" L4 R# G, k5 ?5 B  S% D4 V
   He can't answer the question., _" {3 C' j2 v7 m. y3 n8 M
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        ) u8 t" w2 Q! y
   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )$ b/ t& K- K2 g* n6 @6 p
   I can't understand what you are saying.
理袁律师事务所
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions" r) `) N( T+ _9 W3 O+ D* t
9 m; s8 m; R: u; n& m6 G6 Z/ D
Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)* E9 e+ Y! n/ B7 v; ?
+ i+ _2 n' O" N9 H* y
                  & e6 v2 [- H3 i$ o6 t. I6 \8 M8 G
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
* y. }3 B+ r. k2 ?. J2 x2 E     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
2 y5 Q$ L/ g* I/ L: {                           ' A8 R% y% @5 E& ~1 i% h, Z
       
0 e6 [' v% I" `& d4 G    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      3 M: d4 m1 ^& H8 S1 R$ Z  y
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?) E. X5 }+ n3 A" f6 }8 Q
       
' W& F) R) h8 C8 l   + E0 K! C) I8 I3 |+ v! B

3 ^9 ?! g3 e1 e% ~) W4 M. I' [) h& @, K/ T         + Z6 f  X+ t$ ]# A+ l
    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
1 ?7 P2 W" o6 q    I couldn't do it because I was sick.; i( [' L, u+ A
        9 {* S4 Y, m# y- M
   
7 D. E7 C$ J* P7 d
& h! j, G) a0 _( o- U, u         , z6 ~6 o- X" _
    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
# m/ y4 ?; D2 K7 k   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.
- H3 t& m. H: R3 Z3 e6 ?        
' ~8 M; F6 T& y: C   
' ]( t9 g: Y8 f7 j( l& u : K8 e( i* `+ ~. C6 U1 Q! m
        ! }  M9 A; [. W# t' q$ f9 |0 v
    'doesn't' becomes doesn') g! p( _: |. _1 m
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.; |' T/ ?' d: ?% M( R! Z

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