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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! % g6 Q3 a1 a8 X' y9 S/ r1 c
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一、厕所
! T/ a. t9 G2 i- z 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ' X* n) D+ S- R5 p
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二、解小便
8 i4 E: Y/ o) ~5 S, k( \ 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
/ O! u0 [0 h8 p+ M, Q; s4 |" P Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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+ U2 X; v9 O0 \$ J. _ 医生或许也会问:
3 C o2 ]/ @9 ^. ^ C8 O# e9 | Do you have trouble urinating? - S. p: m- o8 W" n6 L
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ( N# G3 o- K6 W. c- d7 E* T
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此外,还有其他的说法:
3 I& m; \" ?! b to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: , ~0 R- i8 T' y- e+ h
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
: M% R( {! c ]; p* P' w7 T7 M * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 1 F7 V ~, M; }$ k1 m* v
h/ y6 M& { e7 f/ Y 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ' C& {) t- [3 n6 e4 c
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 6 I }1 x$ B% t2 G1 ^+ o
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 * @) y* ~7 O. S" @) m$ ~
% b% b* V9 `+ Z5 a * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
/ j, E5 J$ ~& ~7 L& Z 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. + y- d4 e& h4 i. F) @2 K+ V5 O
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 , N" `% r2 E! J" _
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: " s2 d# a0 K7 N: m; k' T
* The boy needs to pee.
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) |3 P2 d _4 n! @6 _: B 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
4 ]/ L, J, l! K8 g * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 3 f0 J: m$ L; M% C% g9 W
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
1 z: Q7 V, S q/ q * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
- v( y# L( v+ l7 m * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) * a) y- x" L$ t6 J0 {9 G1 P, c+ S
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 6 P4 M$ T2 L. g9 p4 r9 L/ q5 ^
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 1 L% E# g0 o. D X
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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( I0 w2 y8 N1 z7 S3 E# y, _" s 三、解大便
& |0 y. j+ W) ?6 n" x W! G1 v 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
7 C" F2 M. U* t5 q( ~- ^+ B, A to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 3 R& Z: C# f9 B3 M
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
. ?- a3 `) `$ r" W! V4 `1 L) f * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ' G$ V3 u# y) C# t
3 z6 X4 c+ t9 v 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ! g3 v( E3 H0 x& ` C) I/ t: c
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
+ O# I4 |7 X8 k * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
/ i6 f9 X$ N l$ H i 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ; x# h0 h& `5 M5 N
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 9 D: H1 B% k5 b' j0 h
你放屁的次数很多吗? 9 B5 z) i' K0 {3 J: l
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 4 a, E* `! h0 R7 u$ U
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) , I0 w! B# b9 C8 X
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
" F7 ]* O4 `9 b; ` 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
; n4 r$ C; d+ W# o0 z1 I6 A * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
; l) t* L$ \6 c. a, |) u 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
3 D# ~. |- y( k6 K9 H * Be careful not to fart in the public. * l: U# ^( V& b6 E
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 , n( r6 a2 T# t2 t
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
6 q: s3 G& R: O4 p: l" o * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
1 I/ x# t. U' p( Y/ v = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
: U% U" n" S7 u2 { 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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2 V; e1 N1 x) ]- j * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 4 ^9 h! t1 O& p4 [) U
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 5 |5 `7 N! ?8 }, y. X6 R( {
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 9 o0 \# e) _/ y
他经常便秘。) 或 5 S: t( I6 L: [! a/ h7 ~. h! ]
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
2 Z2 ]- B, R0 J! v6 v) u! x * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
" z1 z7 s: J! J * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. * Q; r& u& T* C; P) z; T/ x9 R' W
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. ( f7 U" o5 n" g3 L" z% |6 o$ R
他拉了一阵肚子。 2 d# n+ k& [/ r' S6 X0 w& S4 y8 j
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 1 d5 q3 u# O! J! r3 }" L) p
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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