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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! , e# |2 u" Y+ R0 Q" K# q
+ n/ } a1 x$ W- Z# g& \! p u 一、厕所
4 r3 N7 r6 N4 ~% L l 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 9 G$ A; V6 Z! @8 u7 n7 A7 \! a( k
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二、解小便 ; D1 l2 j" I( p! e R! I2 C' R
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
& G [" z$ `/ k x6 s Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ! P) E% e! ]' U% v. a
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医生或许也会问: 2 B( D6 O8 n$ z. N$ }; h1 B' L, o& H( O6 ]
Do you have trouble urinating? 9 B0 @" b; d5 x' v" c+ ^
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
: ^. J. f: {! V: }+ b to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
4 s2 ]# Y! }5 Y8 R! V e/ \2 r * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
( |, ^/ A! @5 X! G * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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/ }* g+ Q- @7 v. l1 X 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: % n1 d# n( m. ~! t; f8 z
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 5 ]+ B4 F7 f2 h N# }- x1 Q0 F
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 0 l- ]3 O( Q3 G7 d7 G
R; G2 k: u3 O5 Q' }4 j( f$ A$ Q * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
1 ]; g. @9 N8 T; S. I 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
; D/ W+ g4 T" G" W. q 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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8 u' U9 `% y% K# { 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
# A4 ~+ r# j7 e$ ~$ R# ^7 t* B. o * The boy needs to pee.
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4 G+ P3 W- E* w( a* w3 h 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: , L% e( ?* c! w/ }& B+ q, I
* Do I need a urine test? " u9 Z1 I ^8 R& C8 ]. Y% K
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 2 D; s8 k, n# i. ~- J" L8 q3 c
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 5 t: }3 _, N. ~& q! {% M& P
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ! |% K+ ]* v# w+ J& h
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: , D$ h0 z, g# q3 n4 e! B
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 2 P1 R- i8 A: ~; Y
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 6 o8 g: w0 \% d+ p
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) $ ?% i6 U& I3 i( S2 y+ B1 [$ T# |/ E
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
5 @. ~8 M s3 H! b 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 0 W, y7 @+ s) v5 @9 F
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
% a. u, J& C: ]7 Y( d =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
8 `( N+ l) M& i4 ?% B: v+ w * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 2 v& T: `0 {1 t' ~
1 L& K; c( A/ j7 Y 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
5 o2 x* Y3 E! S# Z8 N * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 4 z, x& X1 j$ A( w, y+ W, x
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 0 O9 U% b9 i9 y; l2 V$ x
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: / F6 v8 c; \( O, c9 [3 W
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? . x" w3 O1 l- A! r4 T# [" E. |
你放屁的次数很多吗? 3 e* }$ e! {1 y8 v0 C2 s
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
& N% ^- V3 x7 V 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
8 B3 d$ [. Y: n N6 \ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. % Z" c+ f" s" ~
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 # z7 L0 h1 S5 w# W' D# J
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
+ k; L; h7 E6 a; n3 F 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 # G. [8 W( g" s4 r9 N3 U( j- o9 [
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
1 J( H8 k$ e2 n9 X0 `% b' ~ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 3 L8 W+ N. K6 G
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: - L7 |4 @& J" q1 ^
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
% U1 _/ O( O ]/ x+ w1 d = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 0 Y$ T# G- }7 u5 X2 T6 i. ?& m
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 0 a! f; |# E4 @ m, c! E' c. ? e
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 4 a; |0 C# {' l2 B9 V6 o5 [! P7 Y
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
$ Q. @3 C& V6 M9 d$ R 他经常便秘。) 或
0 z0 T8 r3 {; O: s% P" [ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 $ N1 Y3 p- }; M) b8 t
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ; D; I/ u, ?: |" | _7 k
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. " H% X3 a, H% h
- d9 L/ p4 m- b9 ^ * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
3 ?/ a9 i9 y& {2 ] 他拉了一阵肚子。
' s2 O! p V1 s# \$ E$ q' y; m) n$ H5 k0 n * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
. y8 z( F" k, a4 h 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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