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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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, D- q4 h! k- H! `- X$ x 一、厕所 # g/ ?! h. v6 R+ z8 @
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
" O7 l4 U9 K6 s: a7 k 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
6 U8 M) b! w0 a/ [! J5 I Will (could) you urinate in this cup? " Q' L/ S4 u) K4 M; K' O8 @5 r! V) v
7 e c7 n0 }6 R/ ` 医生或许也会问: / e' b' a( p5 `) i; o- ?* X2 G% z, M
Do you have trouble urinating? 9 o. {4 j+ R0 F+ u0 u# |6 v
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) - c# W- Y! ^3 w! A e8 l7 a8 O
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此外,还有其他的说法: % z V' G/ r7 w$ K' i" L C9 B
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
" f" x: T ^- R" a * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
- Q! O2 f- v1 b * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 6 e7 R6 R1 [7 M
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
5 i! ]- M8 m* r* W2 S- G 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 9 j3 c/ o2 C5 E. |8 G
i# O4 d9 [6 K6 Y' j7 H * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 9 Q2 e0 H B9 C- o+ j
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ( `6 l/ M9 ]4 h
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 8 }7 M- u7 q- X& i$ F. {" H
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: , D; L7 [& S) H6 i9 e- O( \
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
- p' J& R5 U2 N2 g * Do I need a urine test? 4 O: f1 |; `7 X2 }1 X2 _
8 j# r; t4 p! r5 h3 B. Y6 l 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
6 R6 G( F3 R( w5 Y/ f' E * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
/ l( ?2 i* g/ B6 k * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 9 w! `8 |" @8 A. x: R: n$ C
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 6 v- w3 I' Y, T9 |1 a* N
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) & S3 M& i4 P) G0 r4 r: X
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) + Q0 t) h8 C6 g' ~
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 8 `5 Q: W: P) m0 v" k9 Q! X
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ) ^: j% @. b! z G2 n; M
2 p F% c5 K2 ?) C2 p 三、解大便
$ ?8 n% h& x* _) S4 r/ o- e; @7 Q3 N! v 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
* J/ m. s. r3 @) [8 \, V to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
2 t: O! _- I2 X3 d2 L =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 9 D* |/ |9 D+ e
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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) J1 Z& C3 `# d, {5 A1 ~, e; J 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 6 I/ v1 r1 R& J1 r- d: p
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) / ^$ W% b2 l" m
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
' N3 d* g& G+ l* I& X2 R * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 7 d% H) T* I% }$ J( S
/ R1 d+ x/ L* k. C. s 四、放屁 ( d6 H6 w' C6 l" G+ e9 J# T* T# A
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ! L" N% G8 I4 k/ Z0 o9 ~* i
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
A8 E1 \1 u3 A" V 你放屁的次数很多吗?
1 m" ], v& Y7 W. q8 T! F * Is the gas expelled by belching?
7 J7 f1 a5 M! K- B6 j5 s$ ? 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 9 L# O# ]. ^5 }' m. ?
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 4 ~+ X) H3 }" n# g9 H& ? h7 Y8 ^9 x
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 7 ]0 s4 i! {/ ~
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
. `9 J/ ~6 a- T9 K' w 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
4 I ]" Q. v* X. I, |. E( l; D * Be careful not to fart in the public. _0 k( E9 {/ G. k5 D6 {
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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! @' ?4 N, _& O 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
$ k3 [# E) ^9 r$ q * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) & D" t$ m: |6 Q8 I
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
) e9 n7 ^3 A- X& G+ b5 X: Z 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) & q( Z- N+ B9 y# y1 m
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
8 H) e* L0 B/ l+ O7 g$ x 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
: I$ c+ I$ ?7 N) |3 n4 f$ k * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
+ Z+ f" O1 ?! p 他经常便秘。) 或 ' L0 I0 j. \' D& [
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
2 A; K" e& @: R h T) u2 V * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
) n7 n* l3 F- Z4 W, F$ o& u * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. + f9 y5 g0 K8 t. `
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 2 P6 p) m% h9 G3 o& ?, L6 M
他拉了一阵肚子。
+ y" y6 e1 U" _5 t! m; S( ^* F * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 8 D A! u7 S4 p6 x+ w# S
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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