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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
! C5 j: `5 r* t$ R( P 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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6 i# O+ [5 Z; m9 H. @ 二、解小便
. n) Y$ }! O8 g4 m( T, Y' Y 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: # X, u" f6 |$ o
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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! M) K5 j$ }' H. m$ T; j x 医生或许也会问:
$ U2 P$ }/ W z; }4 w! i2 h Do you have trouble urinating? 4 l+ _& ~2 v8 \: S8 T
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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0 P2 Z9 H# j) E3 {7 u J) X/ Y+ i 此外,还有其他的说法: g1 I7 W/ W4 f" B
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: $ ]$ ~4 E9 |& p Q4 e8 g9 V5 Q
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ) K. b" M- V" X+ J# ]# i# G' g$ G
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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1 D% `7 U; m. S 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 3 ~* i3 k W" o( E
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
1 l0 T ~* M3 m. _: g 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ! S& f* O6 u5 [( U0 E. B- m
# K1 t! t) l- u; p5 P" V2 U+ H * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 7 e* q8 r7 B3 A) Z3 {
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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2 `6 z& [7 i- H z * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 3 ~; i: z1 B6 k% L# [
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 1 j! s Q* d1 `6 \, y1 Y4 o: Q
* X1 @ H( u+ h, Z* A 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
9 m$ i7 G5 S6 T+ R; Q * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
Q9 ^% e& o" {: V% }) s * Do I need a urine test? & P' I/ b0 d! L& P1 e. s% c
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 3 M3 S2 b# @9 i5 k2 W, x$ s+ w
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. " e" t! j, \2 J1 @* i, K5 t
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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/ w/ C/ {9 H# M) d' U" ? 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ! p" B" c; \" m/ M0 J2 h9 d( {* k
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) / Z- j" O( i2 I) T5 a( z& C+ |
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
7 Z/ B: x! `! w" Z% w * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 3 c! t7 S. r- q+ ?4 ?6 W" s' S
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) $ O& b1 M% I" F9 [. Z
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三、解大便
. ?7 f. `$ ]2 w1 G1 B# x+ Q 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: , A2 G" p8 |9 a% q0 z3 U
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
( [' @3 ?* r$ ^( |7 L( z =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
4 Q; }2 e5 `$ W2 X% a n( H * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) . [6 l3 {) w- S' m- r4 [# w
e- w/ o" W- Z E" z 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 4 V. f+ @- u3 F# Y0 p
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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, t$ s, {3 Y/ j' n/ s g; z 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
6 R3 c+ D A+ s * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 5 {9 M9 h6 s+ x6 Z7 i6 w# P
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四、放屁 2 P4 m. A U7 `, m# ~
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: - M- o1 G6 h% P/ \
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
, h+ M& I. Q. K 你放屁的次数很多吗?
7 S" y3 [8 D; x: z4 y * Is the gas expelled by belching?
8 F w4 {8 a' @: b- T9 w8 L 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
. U$ x7 y& O' ~! s0 V" K \0 G$ z * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. + s: g9 n6 c! X4 b* u# ^$ B& t
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
4 ~ K: g K- [ * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ) Z5 b+ c" t( L
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ! w% s7 h5 V! m" q# X7 c
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
9 }1 m* k9 Q0 O: E2 L( h' Q1 E& C 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
) D# i2 V/ I0 W9 J& S * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
- ^; \( A+ ~* ^ Z4 y0 `* s = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. / T# T/ d, D B) a7 V/ k: P
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) * Z: t: B8 ?( s7 A, \& R
* t+ b2 ]) @( E) J, r9 a * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
8 K5 U) ^: A8 O5 q& V4 U 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
+ i$ F+ h2 p$ u6 w' U. J: R3 d: U y * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) * r7 T. Z! i* k* P1 I
他经常便秘。) 或
) T8 G! W% P& H2 z9 [. K6 @; Q * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 0 P9 } `* j$ n7 ^3 C2 V. P
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
( a& o# d- f$ ?7 ~# V! M * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. $ X" m# V T( G# H
他拉了一阵肚子。
" j/ ]! F* m6 y8 n: A1 U * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) # M/ @5 N. _, z1 A$ q6 u! u* ~0 ]6 \3 J
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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