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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! , d; V) ]+ y' S4 e, k/ e! C, V! A
. o& v" U8 ], x- O' e 一、厕所
5 V$ l. O9 d% A8 @! ?' F 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 # v. S0 R& d4 U# y
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: * ?* U$ I4 ?. d0 d9 v, r
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? & u3 B* `8 W+ E+ L( O
" W- D9 x: ]$ t+ `* I( |( g; P 医生或许也会问:
/ M$ G7 I$ Z: f" t Do you have trouble urinating?
! e0 R) z& s1 N. [/ O m0 T; t =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) * M# U5 R3 C5 E! e9 G% K
; _5 e( k, ~' c% |/ M 此外,还有其他的说法: " z5 @7 L* H5 H+ x$ Z* ?0 Y
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
7 W4 D7 q: C8 E; k1 X/ m% _ * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
) b& ^+ A0 M! U+ V$ {+ C. i * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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, Q6 X% F# W+ D4 L9 Z& n( A 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
) i6 }5 {5 `7 L8 g3 E8 o2 R* K, b * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
' ~6 c& C2 i G& T/ ]% | 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 & \; ^/ ?! \2 Q! z4 u
2 W: Y! E$ W5 K$ c3 G$ h5 Q * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
$ ` K" v( {6 x; D2 U9 u 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ' g) ?; t0 J* w- R1 g% m2 i# r
* i% q4 x) t1 ?% x" Z. M * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ! n. {0 o$ G4 E2 D p# y, g. \" ~
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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& X9 ]9 m' ~% F; _" U0 q* i 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 5 l# m3 K+ ?# T+ o( s) e2 z
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 6 A3 k3 E+ o: L7 \. b; V
* Do I need a urine test? 4 y! V d1 S0 \6 v7 p0 U# Y
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
) ?" ?% u; R l9 @5 L; B4 |4 [$ a0 c * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
3 Y8 G! w* p" |5 v * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ' A* |) g- V" s% }' u l% {5 E. D
. J2 X/ M" ]7 e5 a 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
& w- c4 V k, Q7 W+ m! w2 u! N * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) / F H4 v" n3 t4 \5 @2 u' { [
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 4 Y1 C( L0 w+ r# k" U
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 2 C6 r+ O2 O! m& }$ l0 T
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 ! `1 j2 L; `8 p4 R" H" w q
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
% U* ^; t) L" v$ b' O to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 6 g/ M& K7 y( {6 @7 n% c8 f7 u0 U
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
! v+ N3 T$ `! _ * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 5 k( _" O4 Y4 |# L3 J
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 0 j: F& X3 |& n' i
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ( X5 o- K' K2 K& e
7 O! ~) m2 m9 X8 L7 y$ ^' ~ 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
; _ w" d8 b( |9 j0 ` * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 3 p8 |6 D" Q3 @) i& Q1 }
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四、放屁 5 H6 U9 j Y; p8 n2 L& y+ z
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
$ u- _* L2 d8 `) ~3 m* K3 Z4 ]4 q$ ^ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
5 r! U* n) J. F. j5 S. R( T5 I& D 你放屁的次数很多吗?
( a( W p" r( j# ~: \+ }& a1 j * Is the gas expelled by belching?
$ ?- Q0 Z% S* c/ ]. K( ] 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ; ?0 u- [5 Z& U% `# `" V8 Q
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. + \4 F5 ? x4 N2 e# ^% q
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
: a* t& [- F1 d: f) i6 B. q2 ^3 \" c * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
* ]6 x2 @" Z8 h" B# l0 `# F/ F* O7 x 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
4 H* U) p7 B( t# C6 t * Be careful not to fart in the public. 1 L; c5 l! B5 ~3 V/ f2 q& w
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
7 m) d; j" t |3 t; X * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
6 {9 I [9 T! H0 N3 r = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
2 ^. s) X) H4 E4 w5 U 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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' H& R+ `: v/ _5 D$ @ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
' G# s: I6 J" L5 P 胃不舒服有两星期了。) ( ^# ~+ u: G0 P. `. J! }
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
- P( p, J# |2 K6 X( k 他经常便秘。) 或 * x- _8 k1 d$ c8 Q D
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
! Y; ?/ \; H( M0 `% i4 B! D * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
; T" e7 L( o' H# [2 i( D/ y * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. # \, k# J9 A& a
7 X$ d( |! Z, V9 t * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. ) `" e; C6 S, T6 w: w
他拉了一阵肚子。 ( k/ P$ u9 s& ~' U$ I* n
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) & Z, `, d0 n l' j }& R
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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