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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ! ]: M# n6 N; P0 F4 z
. b4 y) ^6 G# E' V 一、厕所 2 T# z* Z/ k, B; G5 [
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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1 C& o+ z1 G: U7 k+ F 二、解小便
6 ]0 D! _& w6 M( t' k# ] 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
: Y* ]; r3 |. S3 | Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
) ?& Y$ ]1 ^8 a( W3 ^/ e! n1 S Do you have trouble urinating? v& K' K% y4 O. l
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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/ F) d% g+ p2 B1 ^3 p5 d4 ~/ b 此外,还有其他的说法: 8 I( d! S P9 a/ N
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 7 B% u7 p2 w$ S9 W6 g: ]* V
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
5 [% [ @0 }4 R% H * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 8 i3 t J3 B! ^) {$ k2 h: ^# o# p
; Y$ I5 t3 j% @9 z 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
7 f, |* \/ q4 A5 B F b$ ? * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. + P0 O% G5 F9 N
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. # ~( s- ?% ^3 F" k7 R- i
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 " O, e# S2 K& j+ P" ?) W9 P7 l
8 p" M: t; ]# R5 q3 } * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. + c$ x% j; d9 ~/ I' c
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 * u. [! L4 c$ K1 e! k* R
( G, p9 S$ n" S8 i p2 i 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
2 E; J% T+ K5 {# u5 p" O * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: / k1 Z0 r6 s0 _' K' C+ k' P
* Do I need a urine test?
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; @" R8 N( E9 k. C 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ' C. i; T6 \ M% w" Y2 {, R
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
1 O: a+ N1 z0 f/ Z3 @. h * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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) z! w+ x7 h- ]# s 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
' |+ P1 G+ H" ^. k% K * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
/ T( g) I6 v2 l1 \, @+ o) J * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ( D7 @9 u5 |) g+ N! F- {) l4 a! E
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) }- `0 p9 Z1 ?
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 - @% ~$ ]1 F+ z9 e$ j
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 5 \. ?4 W& a, h: A' `' }
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
8 }) h+ q$ x. k0 ]9 [, A =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
! _* z# m: X/ z3 j * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
6 h2 z- i( ?( H/ V * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 7 R1 D1 B7 a1 `
+ ~$ h( |0 }7 |2 T6 H4 r9 Z 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 1 [: l% e1 `# [
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) / l* |7 e6 o& G* E1 k
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四、放屁 ; z6 J4 p9 P; x) K
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
+ _4 l6 a* D j. ^; w" g) _ E. a How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
( E, P( y% B M4 `, H1 ` 你放屁的次数很多吗?
2 ~5 U, ^7 t/ u, ~7 {6 [ u* l2 B, k * Is the gas expelled by belching?
. P/ T- ?& L# o2 y) K3 r" G! Q. Y. Z 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
1 ~, u! ^' R$ }" I * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 2 x/ t7 j1 Q; N+ S* n
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 % k. f( `: H. s, i
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
9 ?, g+ e& I( Q4 ?6 J# A 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
# Y1 I h, d7 n: H * Be careful not to fart in the public.
. Q, f& w# A7 F% x5 V 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 . |' n8 w4 [8 z# A7 f3 [
8 B8 s6 S) W1 { X3 i# X R t 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: # K- a- \- S+ E* y8 B
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
9 E5 F& M C' `# z/ X5 r; H0 }4 ~ = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
* Y4 x! T6 N) N) \/ k9 D+ m 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 2 } C; d3 \2 m2 @, b- Q! ?
4 _+ z) Q; O1 f3 i. O9 D5 w$ O * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. $ ?; E4 H; s- m" W9 Z3 [& K4 p
胃不舒服有两星期了。) . k+ q' G& s3 k* d
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
: n) c! M4 |% g+ n3 U# Z 他经常便秘。) 或
) f5 h' \: h; @, D/ E/ X * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
2 d6 K M" E" f3 o" F * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 . K. m* A! H* I: f- d9 \
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. * L, k" }+ u1 X( p
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
" F0 p. j1 C) F) j: P7 [- f 他拉了一阵肚子。 , H1 _3 N4 M9 I& x6 ~/ f
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
6 C% e i. `) A j a+ D2 L 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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