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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 4 s7 l' u8 E; ~" S2 O0 e
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一、厕所
) ~; u0 Q8 o4 O3 s7 ? 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 & j5 J/ l# y5 B& `& V
2 { M, P; ]1 {* m/ ^ `, N2 y 二、解小便
$ j: ^. X- _. `9 s7 `- g( } 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
: X9 [) U7 s2 L( ?* w Will (could) you urinate in this cup? & ]4 ^9 s* B: u# [+ r. o
/ E- ^) [/ i4 V: @8 H6 Y. f; R 医生或许也会问: ! D. s% ~3 s+ ^1 \7 b
Do you have trouble urinating?
4 M3 a2 v5 V* M5 Y: ^( `$ p =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 0 r! W3 u3 o; |' A7 W. O" z/ l
4 R+ g; O5 ~9 u# H+ E 此外,还有其他的说法: ( C( b2 k6 z( a, {( u
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 3 z; k0 [1 n/ y9 Q( Q& _- Q: Y
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ( l& i* F1 y8 v; P/ C
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 0 W l3 z+ b; y9 U) H* M t
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
* O6 P9 L0 Z: i' ?% b& H* a * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
4 q/ C6 s. A0 E9 U. Y* N 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 $ F( K; A+ b) y' j. z
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
8 u3 v% y* K& ]- \6 ? 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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. n: e# W" j, z$ u$ u; s. @ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
5 U) o# @, L! M/ V- t% J5 g2 m+ Q 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
7 J" Y- l! y; }/ s * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: ) O" x3 `' T$ W* Z+ N5 I9 ~
* Do I need a urine test? 9 \. O! I$ _" z# }6 `! B
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 1 u* E4 m6 |' u3 j
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. + Q8 G- j7 k. X2 R
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) / K' } D- c" S. X2 m
, u0 c1 ]8 E- p8 H1 V4 g- @ 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
2 i/ P7 P- F. Q, z1 K. U3 r * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
4 X+ R/ o2 L# I0 X, m% r * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
8 ?; B! @* q7 z2 K* W' W * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
" `* l; F" \- @ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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6 ~) ^9 @. V4 E, `$ U 三、解大便
0 Q! p1 |/ }2 y5 N 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
( C8 r, e. {/ y3 K) r" m0 N to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
& \) o5 E; m# R6 _7 C6 O: X( s =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 1 {; F; z4 {% g$ Y$ ^0 u
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: / t& D! b% B% V* u0 f, j
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 6 L6 r4 O$ d( s% x, w5 j& B
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: $ k0 f- } U2 _ i% c1 O
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
+ z* B2 N) Y* M3 X 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 7 u2 w7 G. E8 r
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
2 O, c% K4 ^; g) U% h( p6 v Q 你放屁的次数很多吗?
$ X t1 O* ~8 J$ m, P * Is the gas expelled by belching? 4 o2 W; U4 h; h
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) $ ~4 I7 u, z1 u% L) e+ c
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. , H/ s8 V6 F9 d3 h. }0 I
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ( o, U2 n3 u2 e6 l$ {" b
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
8 R) @: d& W4 D* G 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
. _3 t {( @0 z1 q: @& Z; Q * Be careful not to fart in the public. * f" d6 s6 u" l1 b
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 0 O8 R, S) t8 G' N
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 8 X, C/ b) f c L% ?. h6 \
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 4 @2 |( u% Q6 Z' _- L# a
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
7 ~# r& f; e$ c9 R' c 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* F$ g9 r1 H- b% D+ M7 e) _ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
% g- t. |/ \5 W& U3 J 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 7 \7 t: x8 l7 n: Q3 w% f3 f. H
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 1 }! p: N4 G0 _' {$ b- t
他经常便秘。) 或 " o U1 }6 g. j: ?& q% [
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
4 x4 S8 T3 H! p9 s4 P2 J * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 " w# w9 l6 c$ F' k3 m4 |
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. : N# p8 k" O! w$ u& P
他拉了一阵肚子。 - a. j: `' f6 J8 I9 x1 U
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) % P3 n2 u2 k; c
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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