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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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3 }1 Y2 n- _* }( \& O% n 一、厕所 - u% {6 h9 T& L. [
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 5 i* K4 A- N' M% c! {/ f8 i; H
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二、解小便
- x/ H0 U4 y7 j/ s7 P 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 1 M6 g9 V/ w: j4 Q5 X
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ' L7 @) _$ R+ i$ C7 `: x9 U v
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医生或许也会问: ! |* N. u; j" x- }3 P
Do you have trouble urinating? : z9 F1 g4 E8 l( @( ^
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
/ W: I5 y$ H9 d( `4 ^2 p to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
~8 b& ^1 `+ K6 b4 N0 y' h * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
+ _1 Z& w: s" v6 L9 ?: P * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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$ }6 e1 c z2 {$ o 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ) a P2 W+ E! b+ ^1 k3 \
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 8 ] _* e, u/ V4 {3 x7 T
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 8 X3 j; l) f$ `$ w- I- l: U
. z9 o j. Y6 ]1 e * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
$ f* n' h/ K- q 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
5 x" E7 A: e" ~0 ^% S3 W$ s; r/ N 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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+ F" g' I% Q) V d 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 3 P0 H9 F$ |% u( d4 i
* The boy needs to pee. $ c/ R4 D/ M, a
& y. a# r! O7 \3 E9 m" U; I$ b 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
T, f& A/ r& p+ M * Do I need a urine test? # E; S8 M, D9 M x0 g
% w9 {0 r" ?+ L3 W4 M! \ 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
5 j3 q: q& A1 _6 j# G+ n6 H * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
& W0 U i+ y5 T7 v$ _. o * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 6 l/ m( H2 W7 L6 S
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: + a W/ x2 H; X! e& r0 {" }% ]
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) : v' U }) e$ m3 H$ I; _9 [8 |
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 2 N' p* g$ G5 i
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
( P/ E" |* s9 t6 T! w4 E/ } * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) . L' f) M/ @% R9 f
' H+ S- J {( ?0 }3 y. b' ^: T7 Q 三、解大便 / ^! V* [" ^9 ^8 j/ j0 E3 x
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ! h( M7 \* m: h+ U! u- o& r
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
2 v- Y" e3 i' _/ j0 z =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
6 ?8 t1 o1 n, S _2 X- X * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
( y6 E5 C c( D3 `# F, A; v * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) # q( e7 V o7 }
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: + b% Y j' @4 y4 N( G0 N8 J$ o! e$ j
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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9 w- k1 s1 d3 T7 q5 l 四、放屁
/ e: O8 ?2 h: d6 s% e6 [ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
8 p2 `; C2 m" R1 K w! F How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? % J4 S& R+ _, f; ~
你放屁的次数很多吗? 6 N) g* _: R- y" W5 j! u* ]
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
, A. _2 K) s7 @$ n; u1 t% y 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
* x6 k* g; G8 ]7 V0 q7 m4 u * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
; m0 ]' u' D. Y) N 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 9 z O1 L, L4 Y9 v: v3 Z8 }
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. # s5 u0 F( R, h8 O6 t
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 * ~7 ]5 h4 `/ R
* Be careful not to fart in the public. - X+ }: F! s' j
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 4 _$ D- M8 K) W5 c" i& N
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ; ~3 o) `/ t' {. g( N3 V6 u
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 3 [/ n$ R4 ?) ]6 ]; {! q8 r% U& N
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 5 R7 I' N7 z- o7 w
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ; g3 s: v: ^; s
. Q) u* t& |- y" w4 A: f: Q) \% [ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ) Q4 ?2 ?, [4 ?) a% O' L
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 0 G9 w' t% x6 P3 a W) U
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
, p4 Y2 k% E: V- _, i2 W 他经常便秘。) 或
/ P1 H7 X. _1 c+ t- j( J2 W' @ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 6 S- z# Y: G* S) e2 o# R# S
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 , u) g1 C5 ^, w8 t% C" L( T
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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1 G+ G7 M7 ~* Z- h * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 1 T' G9 h9 U: i
他拉了一阵肚子。
( Z# J6 x- W2 ?) _# L9 L * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
( {- {+ w* K" Y# U1 z/ k 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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