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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
# g2 i, |1 Y5 @) S: C0 R 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 * v% ]% r! r) t- L. Y4 i
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二、解小便 4 O7 W- t! ]& |5 g
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
; D: U' s0 W$ A/ I! ?4 Z! C$ R) n Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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' t2 {5 _# B# u, l1 {% |( ~ 医生或许也会问:
% e% o4 [0 C& P# r W Do you have trouble urinating?
o$ v* T+ M& j+ w( } T$ [ =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) / G1 ^3 l' ^9 l, q, I3 K
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此外,还有其他的说法: # w: B8 l5 }) ]& Z6 f$ B. G
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
' B: l2 I' t* J$ P% M9 ` * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
' c k) U* A$ P7 x& \. ` * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ) m: r7 h9 D7 l0 Q0 a. h
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
' b) i( A7 q/ l$ M% W. w& b * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
/ _3 t. F* O4 [: Q6 W 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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0 @$ W1 b5 H2 K: z% ]+ J * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 5 Q. z( `) I* l! J; m. R
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
, Q& W* g. A# [4 G% x, c 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ! ?& _: z i. y! C0 G' _* R `
* The boy needs to pee.
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+ {6 w& z# k$ q# X& H 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: - u$ d: V5 s- K' e! i6 G
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
7 w/ s7 Q8 i% p% J7 V * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
: r3 r! k8 K/ s0 a/ S8 v1 a * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
+ y% ]9 {& k: P- t; {3 f4 X0 \! i7 h * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ' ]8 Z0 {. P& D
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 6 S+ b& Q& N) z6 }3 ?1 e8 m+ S" T
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
3 B! i1 }% @- j * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) % P9 S/ L. c/ n! [9 n/ q$ E+ t
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三、解大便 3 D6 v5 u5 v& f* ?7 U: c
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ( P' ?& B. ]3 F) T
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
7 ?. Q" ^. u& M6 v, t( e5 V, L, q =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
+ H, @. z1 l# Y. K8 G# b; P& ~ * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
3 p( R; k& |7 p, G * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 6 s: n( R, \8 P
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) . \5 _2 Y& ?* f% H
; B8 ~, D w: F _ 四、放屁
' B0 t* J) J8 k5 M2 ^2 h3 h 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 4 P' ]6 R& o9 |; P- Q3 O
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? $ r3 e- k( t1 i n
你放屁的次数很多吗?
; ~9 s$ s# n8 n, w, w) `0 u4 I" F9 D * Is the gas expelled by belching?
" @+ x' j4 \) j4 i2 @' ~ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ! L+ _! q7 Q" G
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. , R! r$ R A; `2 q0 p7 f# v ~
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
: X/ Z4 `; J% a/ |2 W+ ] * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. : N6 w$ \ x1 m
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
0 \1 A# W" w+ L2 \2 U, N/ b) | * Be careful not to fart in the public.
( c" z8 Q- {8 R% u) ?5 k 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 5 d+ ?' q9 H% U: v6 {
; G% Y1 {# H- P* K; d* d 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 0 [' ]7 R& t. _+ M& W1 A" H. w
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
3 _ M/ ^# [& c' p0 A = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. . C5 Q8 i1 h3 q8 E0 D# ]
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 6 g$ r$ |0 j& Q" `+ A; W+ ~' l
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
9 p2 H8 _9 H5 O * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 3 ]6 b$ N7 J% Z2 h/ ?# T/ e4 k, A
他经常便秘。) 或
5 d1 q- R' R0 s& J K r * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
3 ~# L5 A0 ^2 N! \5 Q * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 , [9 f2 N7 e8 ^$ I+ [" D# O
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ! H3 B6 M8 g, N. l; K* m( `
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
" y- t7 C5 }4 f1 k 他拉了一阵肚子。 & a. `/ h7 r. R4 i3 b( ^9 l; N9 V% X/ d& i
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) , n8 |' F* \: O' K$ y
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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