从"So do I"谈起

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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
! b& r. q5 ?4 X例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
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A：I like apples.

7 Y7 @* t8 O8 h* Y! IB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
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5 _. u( b. n4 }7 v本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

$ K- @: f  D/ v. `$ G! b# Y) z0 z& P1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

8 A8 {; X1 t5 L. E! ?& j) `: H8 D0 t, O2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

& d" Z% C. V% b( i% Z$ J2 c$ [8 [. N又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

, x- x% x/ k4 ?( u. Y第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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; @  o* w3 j% N" U9 E* `7 ?第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
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1 t# q- J/ g; H0 K& Q" M3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

. g% U5 ~; K% ]3 T8 I4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
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; i# Q& ]4 `% m. s如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

" e( N1 F2 v( L) f$ p/ V" V- `---Nor it is!
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+ }- D. R2 }! p! E% g" \  E+ L5 YThis cup hasn't got a handle!
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6 L3 y9 T( I: v1 h1 G1 k+ w! D9 @---Nor it has!
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# R% v7 }. N) w四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

7 a' |6 ^# o/ hDerothy: Look it's raining!
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Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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* \7 L/ d9 _5 g& bDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

( X% p" L8 q; ^# a9 L% T6 ]+ W8 SDerothy: So we can.

8 F* `- u$ R  g2 pDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

7 @8 v- p3 b! m* k5 s' KDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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3 a1 m1 N& q6 \Denald: Yes, let's.
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6 G/ }6 ^, k" T+ K0 O4 O# F  fDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

6 _5 ~+ l/ t/ a0 @. ]# D0 yDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
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2 @* m% j8 x# `3 p8 X8 SDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
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/ w4 J5 p) _1 v( o! {. kDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

8 v( ~# `/ L% vDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.

0 Y5 P8 D* c9 X! DDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

, v3 C1 I+ o  S- F4 Z6 uDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

6 I+ H- m& |. `" |Dorothy: Nor do I!
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9 l- v0 B! K" \9 }: vDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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$ \3 P4 o: B3 n) aDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
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' _+ J9 K! R5 M& A: F2 j# |* Z) h* tDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
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# K4 S, A9 c0 g' `! H8 W1 IDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

" T$ L0 i9 y, w" T; [Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

' h2 F6 T4 \6 d3 dDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.