从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
% j# ]! x9 @9 s4 Q例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
; ~4 @, N6 z) J
A：I like apples.
8 e- ?" o2 `/ x
0 C( U2 j  @( O1 ?B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
" T% E- U- K2 k9 j6 e
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

  D" ?! K, o2 v5 J' [5 {$ D3 ^# A本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
/ h& K7 i7 T, N( e+ i
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
9 \7 Q$ K+ i) R2 o- }3 z
& e4 X( x% _0 k6 m' o& w/ O2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

! k7 W& i' y$ t又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

. T, D- \' k! X0 k8 t7 X8 K第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
0 N1 g& O3 W' V6 W- B# _0 V
3 t3 `! D# \; a7 U第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
; E6 Z  U# Q3 v& X7 _! o2 t
! D! v, Z, Q9 S2 t8 g; d# t7 D) p3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

: w$ S  ~" k7 O) [3 @: E5 x0 W# m4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
$ c* x& i+ L1 v0 _0 {; D8 z
* x5 D4 q2 C' `9 P8 Z8 Z如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
7 ?3 d$ `( ?: @! w' y  w4 p' @
5 d. \: D  H% T0 h6 V) ~& ^---Nor it is!

: L; j6 g; `* d- X: E9 E+ x; i* f4 uThis cup hasn't got a handle!

+ J! A" ?( d8 B7 [2 K* [---Nor it has!

. Q  U5 u9 N- k+ @6 C3 O6 E! u+ k四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!

2 y" D, j; M  l. ^3 _& F' UDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

5 X+ d& E- T0 l( T- {* mDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
- z  ^' Q, Z. J' E; n
0 L; Z3 T( F0 k* s; D' `8 a9 @* LDerothy: So we can.
7 V* i/ h( O4 q+ `* \
& o. v7 Z; o2 a" X; D- IDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
9 X8 s4 M) W5 X+ _
Denald: Yes, let's.

3 B9 d) c5 E% k: t4 |, TDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
6 \$ G  Q% Z9 j8 v9 W
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
5 Z; m3 d) v) F7 q  a9 O
Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
  }" A0 r0 \" n7 `. K
* i* a8 l0 x) Z' F9 g9 |Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
) Y7 J+ L3 ~" e8 h5 N5 y
+ g; f! t& w! k, PDorothy: It's the postman.
- R; C2 {% Q, z5 J5 ?3 Z) F8 s0 x
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

7 v6 N; ^  x1 @! j! p8 j& {Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

" E0 \4 u( M6 s7 b6 MDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
" J' ^) k- b$ l0 j6 d
' G- G9 D5 |& B, f: e) lDorothy: Nor do I!
5 Q8 J1 t5 O! V; x
; `! F! F% y. s2 d! a* e& wDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

- }! X1 h: T' I/ l2 KDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

( o' u; ~, ]( SDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
# K1 J1 I( U6 S. P/ O$ S7 A  j; l8 R
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

. a3 M# i4 [6 w/ N1 a. G6 P. WDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
7 b5 z. }/ V( S7 ]/ G: y6 {
8 P3 w2 ~+ l1 c' v) aDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

# ?9 h- h) \& @- ^Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.