美国纽约时报关于中文教育的新闻

魂游天外

October 15, 2005
; ?& J! N# c" W# ~1 A0 |. k: d. WClasses in Chinese Grow as the Language Rides a Wave of Popularity
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7 x" i9 [  G: x" W8 r! z" ]By GRETCHEN RUETHLING

. K% G; |9 q" I$ L' z* L6 r" zCHICAGO, Oct. 14 - The future of foreign language study in the
% J& A5 P( Q: }. U4 EUnited States might be glimpsed here at Louisa May Alcott Elementary
, }! B' a* ]. [8 S2 t7 VSchool, in a classroom where lanterns with cherry blossoms and pandas
dangle overhead, and a paper dragon, an American flag and a Chinese
, T! K2 i0 X3 x# o+ Dflag hang from the wall.

" V8 V2 [( V, s* `One recent morning, a class of third graders bowed to one
- c# F7 e1 _1 N# U8 H# \another and introduced themselves in Chinese, and a class of fourth graders
practiced writing numbers in Chinese characters on marker
boards. Chinese classes began at Alcott in February, but more students
are already choosing it over Spanish.

  \) c" y* y7 b"Chinese is our new baby," said David J. Domovic, the principal
at Alcott, on the North Side, one of 20 public schools in the city
offering instruction in Mandarin. "Everybody just wants in."

With encouragement from the Chinese and American governments,
schools across the United States are expanding their language offerings
9 k7 B3 l4 C* s, I: h4 e# ato include Chinese, the world's most spoken tongue, not to mention
one of its most difficult to learn.

Last month, the Defense Department gave a $700,000 grant to
public schools in Portland, Ore., to double the number of students
studying Chinese in an immersion program. In May, Senators Joseph I.
9 g9 m9 U  m) }, ^, X  bLieberman, Democrat of Connecticut, and Lamar Alexander, Republican of
7 i& L5 r: X" `2 yTennessee, introduced a bill to spend $1.3 billon over five years on
Chinese language programs in schools and on cultural exchanges to
improve ties between the United States and China. The bill has been referred to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
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After 2,400 schools expressed interest, Advanced Placement
% k) X, k* C* t3 p, GChinese classes will be offered in high schools around the country
starting next year. Beijing is paying for half the $1.35 million to
develop the classes, including Chinese teachers' scholarships and developing
( @( F& L, x" F) {curriculums and examinations, said Trevor Packer, executive director
& r) q4 b2 l1 i! w, T9 `% r* Yof the Advanced Placement Program at the College Board.
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"Many Americans are beginning to realize the importance of
$ I6 j! T7 a3 O  S. A# u. e, kspeaking Chinese," Zhu Hongqing, consul at the Chinese Education
Consulate here, said. "We need to provide as much powerful support as we
can."

  u- U2 l, X! h: ?5 E9 aThe number of Chinese language programs around the country, from
( G, }. A, ~1 p$ U" nelementary school through adult programs, has tripled in 10
years, said Scott McGinnis, an academic adviser at the Defense Language
9 q2 V( V% O- XInstitute in Washington.
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"Chinese is strategic in a way that a lot of other languages
8 G5 N1 t$ j1 g2 t1 naren't," because of China's growth as an economic and military force, Mr.
McGinnis said.
8 w3 ], c! c# b+ p" a
"Whatever tensions lie between us, there is a historical
1 h4 ~$ G- g) ?$ N' a; [6 ylongstanding mutual fascination with each other," he said. "Planning to be
" Z- }. d5 O+ H# n8 q: v) _ready to engage with them rather than only thinking of them in terms of a
  I8 D  m/ m% J, [challenge or a competitor is the smart thing to do."

Up to 50,000 students are studying Chinese in elementary and
$ L/ r& A7 F( a# R& `7 S8 nsecondary schools in the United States, experts estimate. Many are in
cities like New York and San Francisco that have large numbers of
4 @/ M5 e! M  v; SChinese-American students, and many take lessons after school or
on weekends.
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8 I4 U, P6 s2 h4 t6 }/ J) h& _. p) [4 _The Chicago program stands out because it is entirely in public
8 q+ q' O* F' q7 n/ P3 b# xschools during the regular school day and primarily serves
5 e$ v' e- C0 U1 J$ D& i9 I- y  cstudents who are not of Chinese descent.
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Mayor Richard M. Daley, a vocal supporter of the program, said
  D8 f8 n3 y) y% wproficiency in Chinese would be critical in understanding the
competition.
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"I think there will be two languages in this world," Mr. Daley
said. "There will be Chinese and English."

0 i' q) g  r2 ^' h! [$ MFrom an all-black elementary school on the West Side to a nearly
all-Hispanic elementary school on the South Side to more diverse
schools throughout the city, some 3,000 students from
. {5 N$ Z5 h- E8 z) I; Q; m* }kindergarten through high school are learning Chinese. The Chinese Education Ministry has called the program a model for teaching students
who are not of Chinese descent. The ministry donated 3,000 textbooks to
the school system last year.
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6 D6 H1 T  s3 t  Z$ mThe program has expanded from three schools in 1999 to 20 this
, ^+ R# j9 b; d: y2 iyear and is scheduled to add five by the end of the school year.
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- N* w7 L! B7 Z  H) `5 @) h$ \"They have a great international experience right in their own
8 }7 ]) [* ^; ?3 a# }5 R- eclassroom," said Robert Davis, manager of the district's Chicago
Chinese Connections Program, which seeks to develop skills to
6 W" ?8 |4 d$ O- t8 v" w4 w4 whelp students compete in the world marketplace. "We want them to meet
! x, k4 T* m& ^& N8 g# m" e! zon an equal playing field."
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. u, \' }1 E& D8 y& B$ o3 aSome parents here worry at first about how relevant the Chinese
classes are and whether they will be too difficult. The Foreign
% b1 R3 \9 N# V  wService Institute, which trains American diplomats, ranks
; V+ _& ~9 Y1 {Chinese as one of the four most time-intensive languages to learn. An
average English speaker takes 1,320 hours to become proficient in
$ W/ D- {* [  R6 R7 O+ CChinese, compared with 480 hours in French, Spanish or Italian, the
institute says.
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$ C8 l4 O0 Z! f" Q) i- ]3 i; e8 ~Sevtap Guldur, 31, said she and her daughter Sahire, a fourth
; l6 q; `, s# d, u! zgrader at Alcott, looked over the unfamiliar Chinese characters before
deciding whether to take the class.

"If you're ready to learn that, go for it," Ms. Guldur said she
told her daughter.

Sahire, who is fluent in Turkish, said it was her favorite
& g& l& Y# \) x0 b& x+ Y# }class.

At Alcott, 160 students from kindergarten to fifth grade are
) `* B" C% h. I6 i- M) K8 N, k* ostudying Spanish, compared with 242 taking Chinese, although not without
occasional frustration.
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"Do we have to do it in Chinese?" a third grader asked during a
recent exercise, perhaps missing the point of the class.
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2 ~. {  l6 J, u2 GRaul Freire, 9, a fourth grader fluent in Spanish, said he
taught words to his mother so she could better communicate with
) a% s4 w* A* q5 d! \Chinese-speaking customers at the bank where she works.
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2 H1 ~+ t& q& B6 k# _  e9 p* S5 [3 s"Mostly everybody in the school wants to take Chinese," Raul
; G( w# U& _$ N6 X5 U" Vsaid. "I think about being a traveler when I grow up, so I have to learn
: {. `4 m' P2 q( _8 d, qas many languages as I can."
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- z9 t0 y/ P3 ?Adriana Freire, 33, Raul's mother, who is from Ecuador, said the
; M( S* h9 \# v) e" wskills would help her son be a better competitor in the job
market. "I never thought that he was going to be able to do something like
that," Ms. Freire said.

8 P' B) K8 ^0 x1 J9 ?+ nMost of the 10 elementary and 10 high schools in the program
. V3 G, X5 i  U. Chere offer the language four times a week for 40 minutes a day. Each
school decides how to fit the class in the school day, with some taking
# C7 n3 i* Y, K1 j$ |. ntime from classes like physical education, music and art to make
. k' ^/ Z: z% X! ^room.

/ m. T2 s+ G  G) n8 v1 e( UChicago has a waiting list of schools that want to offer
Chinese. The main obstacle is a lack of teachers certified by an American
2 O+ t/ @+ [0 m) Pcollege, a requirement of the No Child Left Behind law, Mr. Davis said.

"It's hard when we can't hire a teacher that is qualified
because of that missing certification," he said.
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The shortage of teachers is common throughout the United States,
: T) t  |" G! z5 ?6 psaid Michael Levine, executive director of education at the Asia
4 Y7 i, @1 n9 ]Society in New York.
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Six states have signed or plan to sign agreements with the
Chinese government to import teachers from China and send teachers from
the United States to China for training, Mr. Levine said.

"Eventually," he said, "we're going to have to homegrow our
* j  W3 O: q: l9 z1 Y8 jown."
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: m8 A' D7 S5 B( N2 _! s: ~0 \/ W% YCopyright 2005 The New York Times Company