美国纽约时报关于中文教育的新闻

魂游天外

October 15, 2005
' B3 ~9 r! a  cClasses in Chinese Grow as the Language Rides a Wave of Popularity
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0 G3 Y2 \5 K* b! T# HBy GRETCHEN RUETHLING
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, @$ ]: j2 U1 [# e. V9 yCHICAGO, Oct. 14 - The future of foreign language study in the
United States might be glimpsed here at Louisa May Alcott Elementary
School, in a classroom where lanterns with cherry blossoms and pandas
& I- h5 [. V6 X8 v8 u/ Idangle overhead, and a paper dragon, an American flag and a Chinese
flag hang from the wall.

: ^  ~  M" t1 h7 O# H5 l1 IOne recent morning, a class of third graders bowed to one
another and introduced themselves in Chinese, and a class of fourth graders
practiced writing numbers in Chinese characters on marker
boards. Chinese classes began at Alcott in February, but more students
are already choosing it over Spanish.

"Chinese is our new baby," said David J. Domovic, the principal
/ b" Z* j0 j, _/ B1 n$ L+ D8 Tat Alcott, on the North Side, one of 20 public schools in the city
7 b7 B0 g) ~+ I- _# Aoffering instruction in Mandarin. "Everybody just wants in."
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With encouragement from the Chinese and American governments,
schools across the United States are expanding their language offerings
: P+ _' g- X# [/ u9 c) m0 }to include Chinese, the world's most spoken tongue, not to mention
! P0 Z5 e4 f4 u7 N- S8 F4 ione of its most difficult to learn.

4 O& @! j, {5 v8 YLast month, the Defense Department gave a $700,000 grant to
4 ^/ q2 l7 ?( c6 n% S. }- o! F1 spublic schools in Portland, Ore., to double the number of students
$ f8 \2 @' e. Q( v4 z3 e2 hstudying Chinese in an immersion program. In May, Senators Joseph I.
Lieberman, Democrat of Connecticut, and Lamar Alexander, Republican of
. a3 s- i0 Y# k" i* K0 @+ fTennessee, introduced a bill to spend $1.3 billon over five years on
Chinese language programs in schools and on cultural exchanges to
improve ties between the United States and China. The bill has been referred to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
6 x, x0 x; H% Q
After 2,400 schools expressed interest, Advanced Placement
" F  B& q3 W& y+ L* \0 OChinese classes will be offered in high schools around the country
starting next year. Beijing is paying for half the $1.35 million to
+ R* U: b6 S  L* C3 D9 ?( c; jdevelop the classes, including Chinese teachers' scholarships and developing
' Y* G, ~$ I$ s- p+ F5 Z1 Ucurriculums and examinations, said Trevor Packer, executive director
$ e1 P$ b# q/ I% dof the Advanced Placement Program at the College Board.

"Many Americans are beginning to realize the importance of
speaking Chinese," Zhu Hongqing, consul at the Chinese Education
Consulate here, said. "We need to provide as much powerful support as we
& _, [# g8 F0 C+ [, E# w, Pcan."
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The number of Chinese language programs around the country, from
: Y! @$ K& d! V3 @: x" r1 |9 ielementary school through adult programs, has tripled in 10
" \( h% R- A; N- [* Syears, said Scott McGinnis, an academic adviser at the Defense Language
# H6 o" c$ ~/ C0 r, ~Institute in Washington.

"Chinese is strategic in a way that a lot of other languages
aren't," because of China's growth as an economic and military force, Mr.
+ F" D2 c8 c( [+ \9 z. [' }McGinnis said.
9 S8 t0 a6 N. w) A4 f
3 R/ Z' p( M/ t4 z, v6 g"Whatever tensions lie between us, there is a historical
9 B8 i; T  C$ T) C4 plongstanding mutual fascination with each other," he said. "Planning to be
. I- E/ C7 e/ Z* r. j4 cready to engage with them rather than only thinking of them in terms of a
challenge or a competitor is the smart thing to do."

  l8 x3 L* I% s8 c. w7 E: \3 ^) UUp to 50,000 students are studying Chinese in elementary and
secondary schools in the United States, experts estimate. Many are in
cities like New York and San Francisco that have large numbers of
; B# x% C5 F+ X, _0 Z' vChinese-American students, and many take lessons after school or
on weekends.

& I  y, I6 N9 t$ w2 B  J* AThe Chicago program stands out because it is entirely in public
schools during the regular school day and primarily serves
students who are not of Chinese descent.
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Mayor Richard M. Daley, a vocal supporter of the program, said
& K7 t* t4 t' m; S2 \proficiency in Chinese would be critical in understanding the
competition.

"I think there will be two languages in this world," Mr. Daley
5 d4 u' p7 G: T, y; h$ j1 e/ xsaid. "There will be Chinese and English."
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" l8 _& u! m$ m' N; }. ]From an all-black elementary school on the West Side to a nearly
all-Hispanic elementary school on the South Side to more diverse
schools throughout the city, some 3,000 students from
0 |) o5 m$ F9 ], A( l' Gkindergarten through high school are learning Chinese. The Chinese Education Ministry has called the program a model for teaching students
2 q/ }) {2 d0 r8 b4 zwho are not of Chinese descent. The ministry donated 3,000 textbooks to
the school system last year.

; w+ s0 g$ l8 U6 K$ MThe program has expanded from three schools in 1999 to 20 this
& w: I" b2 z! O3 P; [year and is scheduled to add five by the end of the school year.
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"They have a great international experience right in their own
3 a4 y* H+ b  g* B' r- cclassroom," said Robert Davis, manager of the district's Chicago
9 n4 d0 g/ H4 _3 n! l4 b2 {% JChinese Connections Program, which seeks to develop skills to
2 S0 \* Q: \4 Shelp students compete in the world marketplace. "We want them to meet
on an equal playing field."
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+ e* {# Y% u/ \Some parents here worry at first about how relevant the Chinese
$ o9 ~6 \( X6 c# hclasses are and whether they will be too difficult. The Foreign
7 L* Z9 Z7 F- l9 B( ~+ _Service Institute, which trains American diplomats, ranks
Chinese as one of the four most time-intensive languages to learn. An
average English speaker takes 1,320 hours to become proficient in
# C8 W2 i6 \/ \+ fChinese, compared with 480 hours in French, Spanish or Italian, the
! [4 P/ {; y8 r9 R1 vinstitute says.
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Sevtap Guldur, 31, said she and her daughter Sahire, a fourth
7 B% t- O. d( F8 ]- {$ g+ v+ @grader at Alcott, looked over the unfamiliar Chinese characters before
$ c) J' |3 p; Z5 Odeciding whether to take the class.
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4 W0 C- L5 [' d6 b" @1 |"If you're ready to learn that, go for it," Ms. Guldur said she
, m* ^' a, D) a; Y) t+ w9 xtold her daughter.

3 ~0 |, r& R0 y" P& Y& cSahire, who is fluent in Turkish, said it was her favorite
class.

6 d" i5 K+ @$ K4 _5 qAt Alcott, 160 students from kindergarten to fifth grade are
3 F/ n+ R5 V% T; astudying Spanish, compared with 242 taking Chinese, although not without
occasional frustration.

: D/ P3 x) l: V. L% j* s"Do we have to do it in Chinese?" a third grader asked during a
8 w( u1 H9 [! h& D5 V6 \9 irecent exercise, perhaps missing the point of the class.
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" I3 v: O" b  ^) `% |% O. `3 jRaul Freire, 9, a fourth grader fluent in Spanish, said he
' m2 B1 y* Y  l* b. z, c% ttaught words to his mother so she could better communicate with
5 Y) I# G+ Q4 ^& \. }; FChinese-speaking customers at the bank where she works.
6 {5 W- [3 Z, I4 p  c( B$ e/ q
) s. g, |+ W5 M# m; d5 @"Mostly everybody in the school wants to take Chinese," Raul
: T/ o  l$ r" U2 R+ Y- ]said. "I think about being a traveler when I grow up, so I have to learn
- \; L5 x2 w" S2 Z- k( N5 V' |as many languages as I can."
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Adriana Freire, 33, Raul's mother, who is from Ecuador, said the
skills would help her son be a better competitor in the job
( a0 U- p4 ^8 D" y) @; c! ymarket. "I never thought that he was going to be able to do something like
  i* q7 O) u- D( }that," Ms. Freire said.
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Most of the 10 elementary and 10 high schools in the program
here offer the language four times a week for 40 minutes a day. Each
. g3 |9 q# d9 K8 U4 G% kschool decides how to fit the class in the school day, with some taking
) T! H" n; Z) v+ F# I! K6 a7 P2 Mtime from classes like physical education, music and art to make
- y7 U4 B8 L+ ?+ X( Rroom.

/ P" t) g! E7 |, V( s8 H4 @Chicago has a waiting list of schools that want to offer
* x: t1 h! ]7 Y6 JChinese. The main obstacle is a lack of teachers certified by an American
& @2 M5 q& w3 h( Y2 ocollege, a requirement of the No Child Left Behind law, Mr. Davis said.
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"It's hard when we can't hire a teacher that is qualified
/ M2 y5 ?5 ]- Z" n' a& k+ M0 t) Kbecause of that missing certification," he said.

The shortage of teachers is common throughout the United States,
said Michael Levine, executive director of education at the Asia
Society in New York.
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Six states have signed or plan to sign agreements with the
Chinese government to import teachers from China and send teachers from
! k- ?3 U% G, Z4 {6 d* ?" ^the United States to China for training, Mr. Levine said.
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# o/ w  c' N- z"Eventually," he said, "we're going to have to homegrow our
# Z- z) O( q' G) ]& }own."

* {( n5 [4 |& g8 c- A2 J. qCopyright 2005 The New York Times Company