TD Bank:OVERPRICED AND OVERBUILT: CANADIAN HOUSING

依勒特

During Canada’s “Housing Boom”, which ran roughly
( M4 H2 w6 o3 ]7 I& X9 J2 {3 ^5 Gfrom 2002 to 2008, unsustainable price increases drove
unsustainable levels of building. Our view is that house
( M$ S) I* B4 r0 mprices exceeded the value of housing that was justified by
fundamentals by approximately 9% nationwide. This
overpricing compelled a level of residential construction
5 t3 Q7 P0 J# g8 h" c1 Xthat exceeded its fundamental-justified level by approximately
12%, an excess that was exaggerated in the past
three years.
- h- S( q; F8 T! Q& \By “overpricing” we mean that prices detached from
their fundamentals, as witnessed by a steep erosion of
affordability. The current unwinding of house prices reflects
both a cyclical downturn and a return of house prices
: C8 E% Y6 }# ]& i' ?; R' q; nto fundamentally justified levels.
, r/ l8 Y2 ?8 z3 V2 kWe consider “overbuilding” of two forms: “demanddriven”
where homebuyers buy up too many houses and
that this demand cannot be sustained; and “supply-driven”
, ]4 n# y: c- Cwhere builders accumulate excessive inventories. Although
there is evidence of both types, we contend that Canada’s
“overbuilding” was mainly of the first type, where
. O" [6 ?' x7 p* phomebuyers pushed homebuilding to an unsustainable pitch
that is now being rapidly reined in.
While most markets won’t face U.S.-style overhangs,
the construction of too many new homes over the boom
means a deepened slump. This overbuilding will likely weigh
on markets over the next few years. Even as Canada recovers
! G7 w/ R+ c) ufrom the cyclical downturn, house price growth will
remain choppy and new residential construction will be
dampened, owing to this structural weakness. Construction
is now undershooting fundamentals and we expect this
1 t) i5 F/ a3 P' O' Xto persist over 2009 to 2011. We anticipate that nationwide
3 e( n. l" i- d3 l* W# V. G- }8 iresidential construction will fall further to around
8 `+ C6 u! J7 M9 d125,000 starts over 2009 with a trough around 115,000 units
; E8 f3 H+ Q4 u. D- `- Qin the fourth quarter.
To quantify the degree of overpricing and overbuilding,
we first develop an empirical model, based on long-run
6 F2 e  i/ K5 Xfundamentals of house prices and housing starts in each
province. Affordability is the key concept behind home
values since house prices should track incomes over the
long-run. Since homebuilders build to meet demand, we
& [. B/ U7 X: i6 s& t9 d! }regard housing prices and household formation as the drivers
of residential construction.
To examine the degree of overbuilding, we employ a
" c- Q# [  x* Q+ a9 ?/ N2 H“counter-factual,” asking what level of residential construction
3 \/ ]0 v$ [% Zwould have occurred if housing had been priced
  c# B6 J* |7 _optimally. We find that actual homebuilding exceeded this
4 o, ~3 ^- g( L+ S6 gfundamental-justified level by about 12%. Although new
units were being absorbed, homebuyers simply bought too
many houses at prices that exceeded fundamentals.
Regionally, we see the greatest strains on the Prairies,
where housing demand will further contract under waning
population inflows. Saskatoon, Calgary and Edmonton are
already witnessing surges in their unsold new homes at the
very time that the resale market has swung into strong
1 c+ B1 c* [7 rbuyers’ territory. Homebuilding in the Atlantic provinces
; T' P$ T) m$ _2 d: p9 a; Phas been relatively balanced but, while not plagued by structural
weakness, will be singed by the downturn nonetheless.
Québec shows signs of strain – especially given the
% J* V- R3 v, tstrange accumulation of unabsorbed multiples on l’Île de
Montréal – but recent building has been relatively balanced,
$ X' ]5 t. S( o* E( b' O! C0 pgiven the province’s history of under-building and low ownership
3 }3 x- y! \6 Trates. While Ontario homebuilding will reel from a
8 L0 w+ k5 ?: W# B2 [/ Lcyclical downturn, the degree of structural weakness appears
limited – with the important exception of the Toronto
' @. H% k+ s# _0 o1 F& jcondo market. Both in Toronto and Vancouver, historically
! o: e  n/ z8 u2 N* A3 Whigh levels of apartment-style units presently under
construction mean that record numbers of condos will
( a0 a0 D! t  O( sreach completion during 2009. If absorption rates fall, as
9 {/ Q1 F0 A5 o6 V. Z& W) Jcyclical factors would indicate, condo inventories could
spike severely – particularly in Vancouver. However, while
residential construction in B.C. will definitely droop, we
anticipate that the West Coast will continue to benefit from
- {; e/ _. @: ]  ^' O2 Rinter-provincial and international migration over the coming
% C! e. s6 y" b& j" b0 s' @* C& {9 Wyears, which, along with improvements in affordability,
will alleviate some of the pressure from overbuilding.
OVERPRICED AND OVERBUILT: CANADIAN HOUSING
MARKET RETURNS TO FUNDAMENTALS
4 M; l+ i) [" V+ g/ r) oGrant Bishop, Economist
3 ?2 ]5 E1 @2 {* A416-982-8063
; K- [; A7 W* v. {8 ?Pascal Gauthier, Economist
4 J' \8 y5 T% p$ H7 V416-944-5730

http://www.td.com/economics/special/gb0409_housing_exec.pdf

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