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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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- i$ S% Y ^. W3 O7 e6 ]8 O+ m1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)0 f' `. }7 V. x* k5 B
# N' W! ]0 U6 @! k- W2 H+ vWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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2 B4 y0 O, c# W+ g! X6 ?/ M& uIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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: Y& Q/ ]/ J r+ K. j7 ?/ S# y3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)1 j# p0 S9 n; p, o3 f9 ~% Z
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)
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0 u; o+ ~) @; E; E) g4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)# k2 t, Y8 U' c3 m5 t% T" n* m
S! J5 y7 l% D L" G5 ^( T( d5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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0 s" q# H- q, v$ D* M# K; o4 c9 _My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)/ V8 d; W$ ?( v, H: J6 o, G$ m
P- X; D/ x4 a3 M* Q) k JBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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+ n+ f' B7 c% A. Y7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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3 K) N: K. i) ^" ~ p+ bYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me" v# {8 ?1 B0 q& ` @; r6 D/ e
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such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)- h V6 @# V! {: B8 J6 \9 O9 s6 |
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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7 Y# w4 c, Y6 K5 q3 nMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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4 _& ^8 v/ E0 vwith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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! {" b7 L8 K. ?6 }9 X5 A然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:& L8 o+ j" w) g
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:) d8 T1 b: V* G4 x' V4 x9 ]/ N
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11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?4 K9 S- Y3 y+ ~9 ?- O# s( Y- F+ e
; h) |0 K2 y$ H6 O7 ]/ N1 m1 QThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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' ]! u: W/ m, {$ R* L+ E& Bthat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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