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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
2 V+ x6 n+ d0 y) }$ B x. J9 Y6 D( g: b' m
Proof:
9 f6 a) J, D" e! lLet n >1 be an integer 9 D6 F1 E J( B0 A
Basis: (n=2)( W( c4 I8 A( `: y6 K
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
7 k( w/ i( G1 C2 C8 o K^3 – K can by divided by 3.( N# P& ?3 Q4 |# q$ x; l6 j9 b
+ `5 i5 T' h9 k; g# D% \5 S) mNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3/ X0 z8 x! L( |% b4 l
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
0 D/ G# w# G2 A1 dThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
& ?; I$ G, U4 \ T' M# m) x = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
# o# v) `6 v5 Q4 u! r, D. w; U* B = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)% N: M* r9 l" z: H) z& [
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
1 ^4 N7 i& n7 W" X; {; Eby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
0 w6 u' ^0 [; B! E( kSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)( j4 K. b0 v! ~$ c" f0 L4 M+ ~
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
+ U# c0 q5 E; r: B( i6 K = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
8 l+ U- K( u/ O* |1 d: }, z) y0 p
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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6 F( c$ _/ {% l' X[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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